TNCT - ICT PDF

# Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century ## Senior High School Grade 11 ### Unit 6: Information Communication Technology (ICT) The twenty-first century has been characterized as the information age. No doubt, one of the greatest achievements of this age has something to do wi...

# Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century ## Senior High School Grade 11 ### Unit 6: Information Communication Technology (ICT) The twenty-first century has been characterized as the information age. No doubt, one of the greatest achievements of this age has something to do with the technology, especially the increasing power of communications. ICT is providing an extraordinary opportunity to hone our critical thinking and problem-solving skills, communication skills, creativity and innovation. #### What is ICT? ICT is an extended term for information technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications. The phrase information and communications technology has been used by academic researchers since the 1980s, and the abbreviation ICT became popular after it was used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997. #### Benefits of ICT to: * Economic * Political * Social * Cultural * Personal Researcher make it clear that ICT advances social improvement by sharing learning, encouraging social innovativeness, expanding popularity based support, and upgrading social cohesion. We are challenged to harness the potential of information and communication technology to promote the attainment of a more peaceful, just, and prosperous world. #### ICT positively affected members of society in the following areas: * **Education:** Many educators are already using and infusing technology as a teaching-learning pedagogy through the use of different platforms. * **Business:** Most entrepreneurs are making use of the internet and different social networking sites to promote their businesses and products. * **Government:** In the Philippines, many transactions with government offices are now possible and available online. Applications for birth certificates, passports, NBI clearance, and similar documents are maximized by Filipinos. Computers, e-mail, internet, fax machines, mobile phones are only among the information communication tools that can be considered an integral part of work activities in almost all companies or institutions in the Philippines and abroad. The development and access of different technologies like wireless networking and mobile devices significantly transformed users into content producers. #### ICT and Global Networks With ICT in our schools, learners are not only consumers, but content creators as they write, edit, publish, participate, co-create and collaborate with others through the use of technologies. ICT hastens global and democratic networks across the planet. The Internet is an apparatus for causal connection, as well as open spaces where individuals can voice out their issues. ICT can generate global social awareness through social network sites. Social networking sites also facilitate the mobilization of grassroots movements and advocates, especially among the younger generation. ICT promotes social development by sharing knowledge, fostering cultural activity, increasing democratic participation, and enhancing social cohesion. Technological advances have improved life and brought the world's people closer. ## History of ICT ### Computer * **3000 BC - Abacus:** First calculator, depicted as a wooden frame with rows of beads. * **1833 - Charles Babbage:** Designed the Analytical Engine, which became the concept of a digital programmable computer. Diagram of this device is a complex machine with gears and levers. * **1931 - 1st electronic calculator:** Assembled by Kondrad Zuse. Image is of a black and white photo showing a large, complex device made from metal. ### Radio and Television * **1894 - Guglielmo Marconi:** Invented the "wireless telegraphy" (radio telegraph system) which paved the way to the development of radio. Image shows a man holding a microphone connected to a box, in front of a vintage radio. * **1920s - Commercial Radio:** Earliest television transmission. Image shows a vintage wooden radio set next to a similarly-styled television set. * **1940s - Color television:** ### Telephone * **1876 - Alexander Graham Bell:** Invented the telephone. Image shows an illustration of a man holding a telephone receiver to his ear. * **1930s - Widespread use of telephone sets:** Image shows four different phones: 1876 (man holding a phone), 1880s (cradle phone), 1960s (touch-tone pad phone), 1988 (car phone). * **1970s - Mobile phone technology:** Image shows four different phones: 2000 (cell phone with buttons), 2007 (iPhone), 2010 (Samsung Galaxy), [blank/unknown], 2018 (smartwatch) * **1980s - Earliest mobile phone sold:** Image shows four phones: 1876 (man holding a phone), 1880s (cradle phone), 1960s (touch-tone pad phone), 1988 (car phone). ### Late 20th Century - Computer Development * **1971:** Introduction of the first microprocessor by Intel. * **1981:** Initial version of computers by IBM. * **1991:** Creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Lee. Image shows a man next to a computer monitor displaying the letter "W". ### Recent Developments of ICT * Desktop computers were made portable because of laptops and tablets. * Mobile phone innovations: internet access, cameras, AM/FM radio, television, data storage, calculators, etc. Image shows a table with multiple devices on it - speakers, laptop, tablet, phone, smartwatch. * Foldable/flexible phones. * Drones with cameras. * Smart watches. #### Disadvantages of the use of ICT * **Cost:** More and more resources are being put into ICT in schools - the cost of laptops, wireless broadband, projectors, for example, contribute a large percentage of the school's budget. * **Misuse of ICT:** Instead of using their laptops or tablets for their studies and online tests, more often than not students stray away and visit social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter. Students would be too focused on playing games or visiting social networking sites, resulting in lower academic grades. * **School Bags + Laptops:** Each student who owns a laptop with heavy textbooks, notes, and homework, carries quite a burden on their back. Schools are becoming more dependent on e-learning (learning on the internet), but textbooks are mostly print publications. Hence, the weight of a laptop, textbooks, and homework may bear health consequences in the near future. Image shows a backpack next to a laptop, some papers, a phone, and a tablet. #### Digital Divide * **Natural consequence of advancements in ICT.** * **Discrepancy in people's access and skills related to ICT.** **Factors:** Geographical location, economy, income, age, education, race, and government support, among others. Image shows two people each standing on a ball, representing a Wi-Fi signal. #### Levels of disparity of Digital Divide * **Level 1:** The disparities of ICT between people living in different parts of the world. Ex. Developed and Developing countries. * **Level 2:** Unequal opportunities for ICT use within countries. Ex. A person with low income and education is likely to be excluded from information flows and networks. * **Level 3:** Participation in a democracy and the possibilities that may develop after the digital revolution. Ex. Although children and the youth express ideas and opinions about issues with cellphones, there is less interaction between children and parents. To maximize the potentials and benefits of ICT and fill the gap caused by the divide, governments must train and educate citizens in accessing ICT equipment by providing better economic and social conditions to make it possible for them to acquire the equipment.