TLE7 Q3 0101 SG Tourism Services PDF

Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Lesson 1 Overview of Hospitality and Tourism Table of Contents Introduction...

Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Lesson 1 Overview of Hospitality and Tourism Table of Contents Introduction 1 Learning Competencies 2 Reach Our Goals 2 Prep and Prime 2 Essential Question 3 Learn about It 4 The Origin of Hospitality and Tourism 4 Definition and Scope 13 Hospitality Industry 13 Tourism Industry 14 Background of Philippines' Tourism 15 Consumer Jargons 18 Think about It 18 Did you know? 19 Try It Yourself 19 Try It Yourself 19 Try It Yourself 19 Proficiency Checkpoint 20 Impactful FCS: Real-Life Engagement 21 Wrap-Up 22 Self-Assessment 22 Reflection 23 Attributions 24 References 25 Answer Key 25 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Lesson 1 Overview of Hospitality and Tourism Two people holding a map Introduction Have you ever wondered what makes family vacations or school field trips enjoyable and memorable? These experiences are part of a fascinating world called hospitality and tourism. This lesson will explore the fundamentals of hospitality and tourism, two vibrant sectors of our world today. Understanding these industries is important because they are not just about travel and comfort but also significant contributors to our country's economy and culture. Let us dive into the exciting world of hospitality and tourism and discover how they make our trips and stays special. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 1 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Learning Competencies At the end of this lesson, you should be able to differentiate hospitality and tourism. Reach Our Goals At the end of this lesson, you should be able to do the following: Discover the origin of the hospitality and tourism industry. Understand the key concepts and components of the hospitality and tourism industry. Recognize the difference between hospitality and tourism. Explore the Philippines' tourism sector. Prep and Prime Travel Diary 10 mins 21st Century Icons Legend Information, Media, and Technology Skills Communication Skills Learning and Innovation Skills Life and Career Skills Materials notebook and pen 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 2 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Instructions 1. Find a partner. 2. Create a short Travel Diary entry about a recent trip or a dream vacation. 3. Describe the places you visited or wish to visit and the type of accommodations you stayed in or wish to stay in. 4. Write your memorable experiences related to it. 5. Share your diary with your partner. Guide Questions 1. How does the accommodation you stayed in or wish to stay in compare to places you stayed on previous trips? 2. How different is your travel experience compared with your partner? 3. How would you describe your travel experience? How does it affect you personally? Essential Question How do hospitality and tourism come together to create unforgettable experiences, and what makes them distinct from each other in the process? 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 3 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Learn about It In this lesson, we will explore the captivating world of the hospitality and tourism industry. We will focus on understanding its origin, definition, scope, and the various sectors in this dynamic field. The following discussions will provide a comprehensive view of how hospitality and tourism operate and their significance in our daily lives and the economy. The Origin of Hospitality and Tourism Hospitality The origin of hospitality as a concept and practice dates back to ancient civilizations and has evolved over centuries, influenced by different cultural and societal changes. Figure 1. Timeline of Hospitality Development Ancient Times Early Civilizations: The roots of hospitality can be traced back to ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt. In these civilizations, hospitality was often a moral code or religious duty. It involved offering shelter, food, and protection to travelers. This practice was deeply ingrained in these cultures' social customs and religious texts. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 4 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Figure 2. Food offering in ancient times Greek and Roman Hospitality: In ancient Greece and Rome, hospitality (known as 'xenia' in Greek and 'hospitium' in Latin) was considered a sacred duty. The Greeks believed in xenia, where hosts generously welcomed strangers, offering them food, shelter, and gifts. The Romans also highly valued hospitality as a virtue, particularly towards guests and foreigners. In addition, it was also the time when the Greeks came up with thermal baths designed for healing and relaxation. It is said to be the origin of what we know as the modern-day spa. Medieval Period Monasteries and Inns: During the medieval period, caravanserais existed. Caravanserais were roadside inns or rest houses. These structures provided accommodations, food, and facilities for travelers and their caravans. These are commonly found along trade routes in the Middle East, Central Asia, and North Africa. Monasteries also played a significant role in offering hospitality. They provided shelter and food to pilgrims and travelers. In addition, inns and hostels began to emerge to cater to merchants and travelers. These were some of the earliest forms of commercial hospitality establishments. During this period Marco 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 5 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Polo, the great traveler, initiated using travel diaries. Figure 3. A traveler taking a rest in the desert. Renaissance and Beyond Rise of Commercial Hospitality: The Renaissance period and the subsequent era saw the growth of trade and travel, leading to the development of more inns and later hotels. The concept of hospitality began to shift from a moral or religious duty to a commercial activity. This period marked the beginning of hospitality as an industry. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 6 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Figure 4. Tourists outside the hotel buildings 19th and 20th Centuries Industrial Revolution and Modern Hospitality: The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes with advancements in transportation. It led to increased travel for both business and leisure, spurring the growth of the hospitality industry by establishing more sophisticated hotels and restaurants. Hotel Chains and Expansion: The 20th century saw the rise of hotel chains and the standardization of services in the hospitality industry. The development of air travel further expanded the industry's reach, accommodating the growing number of tourists and business travelers. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 7 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Figure 5. European hotels 21st Century Globalization and Diversification: In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, globalization significantly expanded the hospitality industry. The industry has diversified to include various forms of lodging, from luxury hotels to bed-and-breakfasts and vacation rentals. Figure 6. Hotel resorts near the beach 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 8 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 The origin and evolution of hospitality reflect the human values of generosity, care, and respect for others. From its early roots as a social and religious practice to its current status as a dynamic global industry, hospitality has always been about making people feel welcomed and cared for. Tourism The origin of tourism can be traced back to ancient times. However, the concept and practice have evolved significantly over the centuries. Figure 7. Timeline of Tourism Development Ancient Times Early Travel for Trade and Religion: In ancient civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome, travel was primarily for commerce and trade, military campaigns, and religious pilgrimages. The Greeks and Romans began visiting sites for their cultural and historical significance. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 9 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Figure 8. Images of various travel Medieval Period Figure 9. Religious tours Medieval Pilgrimages: In the Medieval Ages, religious pilgrimages became a significant form of early tourism. European Christians would travel to holy sites such as Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela. These journeys were not only spiritual but also offered social and cultural experiences. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 10 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Renaissance Period Figure 10. Renaissance people inside the museum The Grand Tour: The concept of travel for pleasure and education took shape during the Renaissance. The Grand Tour became popular among wealthy European young men in the 17th century. It was a long trip through Europe, intended as an educational rite of passage. The tour typically included visits to cultural sites, art galleries, and landmarks in countries like France, Italy, and Greece. 18th to 19th Century Advent of Railways and Steamships (19th Century): The 19th century shown significant advancements in transportation, such as the development of the railway and steamship. These innovations made travel more accessible and affordable, allowing many individuals to experience travel for leisure. This period marked the beginning of modern tourism. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 11 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Figure 11. Railways Thomas Cook and Organized Tourism: Thomas Cook, a British entrepreneur, organized the first recorded guided tour in 1841 and founded one of the world's first travel agencies. Cook's tours included transport and accommodation, making travel more convenient and accessible to the general public. This innovation laid the foundation for the modern travel industry. 20th to 21st Century Figure 12. Tourists in the 21st century 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 12 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Commercial Air Travel: The advent of commercial air travel in the 20th century revolutionized tourism, making long-distance travel faster and more accessible. This opportunity led to a significant increase in international tourism. Mass Tourism: After World War II, there was a surge in mass tourism, facilitated by rising incomes, more leisure time, and further advancements in transportation. Holiday packages and resort vacations became popular. Digital Age: The digital revolution influenced tourism in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Online booking platforms, review websites, and social media have transformed how people research and plan their travels. As we know it today, tourism is a complex industry shaped by centuries of cultural, social, and technological changes. Its origins reflect humanity's curiosity and desire to explore, experience, and understand the world beyond one's immediate environment. Definition and Scope Hospitality Industry Hospitality is all about providing services to people in places away from their homes. Hospitality is about caring for guests, ensuring their comfort, and meeting their needs. It operates on the principle of making people feel welcome. It focuses on the quality of service and the experience of the guest. The hospitality industry is diverse. One key sector is accommodation, which covers hotels, resorts, hostels, and camping facilities. The food and beverage sector is another, encompassing restaurants, cafes, bars, and catering services. Entertainment and recreation are also part of hospitality. Each sector focuses on delivering quality service and memorable experiences to customers. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 13 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Tourism Industry Tourism encompasses various aspects that contribute to leisure, pleasure, employment opportunities, and cultural exchange. Whether for business or personal reasons, it involves the entire travel experience, covering transportation, sightseeing, and the enjoyment of local attractions. The impact of tourism is vast, influencing not only local businesses but also global economies. It revolves around the journey itself, from the initial trip planning to the moments of returning home, emphasizing the significance of the overall experience. Tourism extends across various sectors, with the travel sector encompassing services from travel agencies to tour operators that plan and organize trips. Another important sector is transportation, which involves airlines, cruise ships, and car rentals. Additionally, there's the attractions sector, encompassing natural parks, historical sites, and cultural festivals. All these sectors play a role in shaping tourism as a dynamic and continually evolving industry. Figure 13. Hospitality and Tourism 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 14 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Recognizing the interconnection between hospitality and tourism is important. Quality hospitality services significantly contribute to enhancing a tourist's experience, and a flourishing tourism industry frequently results in the expansion of hospitality services within a region. This mutually beneficial relationship is a fundamental catalyst for the success and growth of both industries. Both industries have a significant impact locally and globally. They play pivotal roles in fostering economic growth, generating employment, and promoting cultural exchanges. Grasping their extent and the various sectors they encompass allows us to recognize their significance in our world and appreciate the opportunities they present. Background of Philippines' Tourism The Philippines, an archipelago of over 7,000 islands, offers a rich tapestry of experiences, making it a unique and vibrant tourism destination. The following discussion delves into the diverse attractions and the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines, highlighting why it is a must-visit country for tourists from around the world. Diverse Attractions The Philippines is renowned for its diverse attractions, ranging from natural wonders to modern entertainment. Natural Wonders: The country boasts stunning natural landscapes, including pristine beaches, majestic mountains, and remarkable underwater scenes. For instance, Palawan's El Nido and Coron offer breathtaking limestone cliffs and clear waters, ideal for snorkeling and diving. The Chocolate Hills of Bohol present an unusual and picturesque geological formation. At the same time, the Banaue Rice Terraces reflect ancient agricultural practices. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 15 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Figure 14. El Nido, Palawan Urban Attractions: Metropolitan areas like Manila and Cebu City blend modernity with history. Manila's Intramuros, the historic walled city, showcases Spanish colonial architecture and historical landmarks. Meanwhile, Cebu City, known as the "Queen City of the South," offers a mix of urban attractions and historical sites, such as the Basilica Minore del Santo Niño and Magellan's Cross. Beach and Island Destinations: The Philippines is famous for its beaches and island destinations. Boracay's white sand beaches and vibrant nightlife, Siargao's surfing spots, and the serene beauty of Batanes are just a few examples that attract beach lovers and adventure seekers alike. The Philippines is part of the Coral Triangle, known as the "Amazon of the Seas." This area has the highest diversity of marine species worldwide, making the Philippines a prime destination for marine tourism and biodiversity. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 16 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Cultural Heritage The cultural heritage of the Philippines is a blend of indigenous, Asian, and European influences, visible in its festivals, traditions, arts, and cuisine. Figure 15. Sinulog Festival Festivals: Colorful festivals like Sinulog in Cebu City, Ati-Atihan in Aklan, and Panagbenga in Baguio City showcase the country's rich cultural diversity. These festivals feature vibrant parades, traditional dances, and cultural performances. Historical Sites: The Philippines' history is reflected in its numerous historical sites. The Baroque Churches of the Philippines, such as San Agustin Church in Manila and the historic town of Vigan, with its well-preserved Spanish colonial and Asian architecture, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Cuisine: Filipino cuisine, influenced by Malay, Chinese, Spanish, and American culinary traditions, offers a unique taste experience. Adobo, sinigang, lechon, and halo-halo are 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 17 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 some of the must-try dishes that reflect the country's rich culinary heritage. Arts and Crafts: The country's arts and crafts, including weaving, pottery, and wood carving, demonstrate the skill and creativity of Filipino artisans. Textiles like the T'nalak of the T'boli and the intricate designs of Maranao art are examples of the Philippines' rich artistic traditions. Understanding the Philippines' diverse attractions and cultural heritage enhances the appreciation of its tourism industry. These elements attract visitors from across the globe and play a crucial role in preserving and showcasing the country's rich history and traditions. Consumer Jargons xenia: ancient Greek concept of guest hospitality hospitium: Latin term for hospitality, emphasizing guest care ecotourism: responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment pilgrimage: a journey to a sacred place for religious reasons cultural heritage: The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society, including traditions, monuments, and values. Think about It How do the principles of xenia and hospitium from ancient times influence modern hospitality practices? 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 18 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Did you know? Did you know that Japan's world's oldest continuously operating hotel, Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan, has been providing hospitality since 705 AD? This highlights the long-standing tradition and evolution of hospitality services. Try It Yourself Instruction: Give the correct answer. What is the main difference between hospitality and tourism? Try It Yourself Instruction: Answer the question in three to five sentences. How might a hotel manager promote an eco-friendly environment in their establishment? Try It Yourself Instruction: Answer the question in three to five sentences. Evaluate how the rise of digital technology has impacted both the hospitality and tourism industries. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 19 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Proficiency Checkpoint I. Identification. Write the correct answer in the space provided. _________________ 1. This is the Greek word for the concept of guest hospitality. _________________ 2. It is a sector in the tourism industry that covers hotels, resorts, hostels, and camping facilities. _________________ 3. This is the term for travel aimed at experiencing and understanding cultural heritage. _________________ 4. A British entrepreneur who organized the first recorded guided tour in 1841 and founded one of the world's first travel agencies. _________________ 5. He was considered a great traveler and initiated the use of travel diaries. II. Categorization. Categorize the following based on the given criteria. 6. Categorize the following elements as either part of the hospitality industry or tourism industry: cruise ship, bed and breakfast, historical museum, airline, and theme park 7. Determine which developments belong to the 18th-19th century period and the 20th-21st century period: air travel, steamships, online booking, railways, steamships, and holiday packages. 8. Classify these roles based on whether they typically fall under hospitality or 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 20 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 tourism: hotel manager, tour operator, chef in a luxury resort, airline pilot, and travel blogger. 9. Sort the following activities into leisure or religious purposes: pilgrimage, offering shelter, grand tour, travel agency, and travel to holy sites. 10. Categorize the following attractions in the Philippines into natural or urban attractions: Intramuros, Chocolate Hills, limestone cliffs, Magellan's Cross, and Banaue Rice Terraces. Impactful FCS: Real-Life Engagement As students learning about hospitality and tourism, you have a unique opportunity to contribute to environmental awareness, protection, and conservation. You can start by practicing and promoting sustainable tourism in your travels and daily life. This means choosing eco-friendly travel options, supporting local businesses and cultures, and being mindful of your environmental impact while traveling or exploring tourist destinations. By doing so, you not only enjoy the beauty of nature and diverse cultures but also help preserve them for future generations. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 21 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Wrap-Up The fascinating and captivating history of the hospitality and tourism industry can be traced back to ancient civilizations and evolved with changes in culture and technology. The relationship between hospitality and tourism is important, with quality hospitality enhancing the tourist experience and a thriving tourism sector driving growth in hospitality services. Both industries play key roles globally and locally, contributing to economic growth, job creation, and cultural exchanges. Appreciating the Philippines' diverse attractions and cultural heritage is important, as they draw global visitors and play a vital role in preserving the country's rich history and traditions through its tourism industry. Self-Assessment How confident are you with your acquired skills from the lesson? Put a check (✓) on the corresponding descriptor. I am confident that I I think I need more I have a minimal Skills can do this with time and assistance. understanding of it. ease. I can recall the origin of the hospitality and tourism industry. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 22 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 I can identify the key concepts and components of the hospitality and tourism industry. I can recognize and explain the differences between hospitality and tourism. I can identify the significance of the Philippines' tourism sector. Reflection I find ______________________ the most interesting because ________________________________. I need to improve on ________________________ because ___________________________________. I need to practice _________________________ because ______________________________________. I plan to ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 23 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Attributions Free photo close up people holding map by freepik is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Maya family background by macrovector is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Desert tent concept illustration by storyset is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Victorian era street with city houses gentlemen ladies by macrovector is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Old european houses poster by macrovector is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Urban landscape with high skyscrapers by brgfx is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Ramadan charity flat composition with outdoor desert scenery and muslim by macrovector is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Renaissance old colored composition people in interior of medieval castle by macrovector is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Vintage passenger carriage background with locomotive and train realistic by macrovector is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Tourists ready for holiday by freepik is licensed under Freepik License via Freepik. Big Lagoon at El Nido, Palawan, Philippines by Paul Clarke is licensed under CCBY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Red and Gold for Niño by Paul Clarke is licensed under CCBY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons. References 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 24 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 “Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan - The Oldest Hotel In The World.” n.d. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.uniqhotels.com/nishiyama-onsen-keiunkan. Jobs, Soeg. 2023. “Historical Background of the Hospitality Industry – A Fascinating Journey.” SOEG JOBS. Accessed November 20, 2023. https://www.soegjobs.com/hospitality-industry-historical-background/. Answer Key Proficiency Checkpoint I. Identification. Write the correct answer in the space provided. Xenia 1. This is the Greek word for the concept of guest hospitality. Accommodation 2. It is a sector in the tourism industry that covers hotels, resorts, hostels, and camping facilities. Cultural Tourism 3. This is the term for travel aimed at experiencing and understanding cultural heritage. Thomas Cook 4. A British entrepreneur who organized the first recorded guided tour in 1841 and founded one of the world's first travel agencies. Marco Polo 5. He was considered a great traveler and initiated the use of travel diaries. II. Categorization. Categorize the following based on the given criteria. 6. Categorize the following elements as either part of the hospitality industry 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 25 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 or tourism industry: cruise ship, bed and breakfast, historical museum, airline, and theme park Hospitality Industry: Bed and breakfast, theme park Tourism Industry: Cruise ship, historical museum, airline 7. Determine which belongs to the 18th-19th century and 20-21st century: air travel, steamships, online booking, railways, steamships, and holiday packages. 18th-19th century: steamships, railways, and steamships 20-21st century: air travel, online booking, and holiday packages 8. Classify these roles based on whether they typically fall under hospitality or tourism: hotel manager, tour operator, chef in a luxury resort, airline pilot, and travel blogger. Hospitality: Hotel manager, chef in a luxury resort Tourism: Tour operator, airline pilot, travel blogger 9. Sort the following activities into leisure or religious purposes: pilgrimage, offering shelter, grand tour, travel agency, and travel to holy sites. leisure purposes: grand tour and travel agency religious purposes: pilgrimage, offering shelter, and travel to holy sites 10. Categorize the following attractions in the Philippines into natural or urban attractions: Intramuros, Chocolate Hills, limestone cliffs, Magellan's Cross, and Banaue Rice Terraces. natural attractions: Chocolate Hills, limestone cliffs, and Banaue Rice Terraces urban attractions: Intramuros and Magellan's Cross 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 26 Tourism Services Unit 1: Unveiling the Hospitality and Tourism Landscape Grade 7 Try It Yourself 1. What is the main difference between hospitality and tourism? Answer: The main difference lies in their scope. Hospitality focuses on providing services like accommodation and food to people away from home, ensuring their comfort and enjoyment. On the other hand, tourism encompasses the entire experience of traveling, including transport, sightseeing, and engaging in activities at the destination. While hospitality is about service and care, tourism is about the overall travel experience. 2. How might a hotel manager promote an eco-friendly environment in their establishment? Answer: A hotel manager can promote eco-friendly practices such as using renewable energy, reducing waste, offering local and organic food, and promoting local culture and heritage. These practices minimize the environmental impact and enhance the guests’ experience by offering them a sustainable way of enjoying their stay. 3. Evaluate how the rise of digital technology has impacted both the hospitality and tourism industries. Answer: Digital technology has significantly impacted both industries by transforming how services are offered and how customers engage with them. Online booking systems, digital marketing, and social media platforms have made information more accessible and bookings more convenient. Additionally, technology has improved operational efficiency in hospitality and tourism businesses, allowing for better customer service and experience. However, it has also increased competition and raised customer expectations, requiring continual adaptation and innovation from these industries. 3.1. Overview of Hospitality and Tourism 27