Physics Notes PDF

Things to put on notecard Point of reference = the object/point which motion is relative to Average speed = total distance/time Velocity is speed, but with a direction (30mph [south]) Acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity/time Acceleration of gravity = -10m/s/s PE = m\*g\*h KE = ½...

Things to put on notecard Point of reference = the object/point which motion is relative to Average speed = total distance/time Velocity is speed, but with a direction (30mph [south]) Acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity/time Acceleration of gravity = -10m/s/s PE = m\*g\*h KE = ½ m\*v\^2\ Constant speed = no acceleration In a vacuum there is no air resistance (everything moves at -10m/s/s) Unit conversion: the same unit has to be diagonal so you can cancel the units If the line on a distance time graph is flat, the object is not moving Balanced force: force applied on both sides are equal (unbalanced is unequal) Static friction: friction when something is not moving (ex. you need to overcome static friction of a box before you are able to get it to move) Sliding friction: friction when something slides on something Rolling friction: friction when something rolls (a ball has rolling friction so it slows down)\ Fluid friction: friction through liquids (oil is used to create less friction since it turns sliding friction to fluid friction) Gravity: invisible force that attracts objects with mass together\ Weight: force exerted on object by gravity\ Weight (AKA Fg or Force of Gravity) = mass\*gravity Net force: total combined force acting on object\ Inertia: tendency of an object to remain at rest until external force acts on it (newton's 1st law) In something like a hanging yoyo, the force opposite of gravity is the string's tension (Ft or force of tension) Normal force is the opposite force to force gravity puts (sitting on a chair has gravity going down and normal force going up) Force = mass\*acceleration Newton\'s 1st law (law of inertia): object at rest will stay at rest, object in motion will stay in motion Newton's 2nd law: F=MA, Force = mass\*acceleration Newton's 3rd law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Solstice: first day of summer(june 21)/winter(december 21)\ Equinox: first day of spring(march\\\\21)/fall (september 21) 1 revolution (orbit) = 365 days 1 rotation (rotation around axis) = 24 hours New moon: The moon is between the Earth and the sun, so only the dark side faces Earth. This phase can symbolize new beginnings. Waning crescent: A sliver of the moon is visible in the night sky, growing more illuminated each night. This phase occurs between the new moon and the first quarter. First quarter: Half of the moon is lit. Waxing gibbous: The moon\'s surface area that is visible is increasing, and the lit-up part of the moon looks like a hump.Full moon: The sun illuminates the entire moon, making it appear full, round, and bright. This phase can represent completion, fertility, abundance, and transformation. Waning gibbous: The illuminated portion of the moon begins to decrease in size, forming a shape that is more than half but not yet fully darkened. Third quarter: Half of the moon\'s illuminated surface is visible from Earth. Final waning crescent: The last phase of the moon before returning to the new moon. Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation: all masses attract each other, but the closer the masses are or the more mass they have increases/decreases their force of gravity Solar eclipse can occur in new mon Lunar eclipse can occur in full moon Summer is the hottest because it gets the most direct sunlight and most hours of sunlight (vice versa with winter) Moon causes tides King tides when the sun moon and earth align and the tides are pulled the most Earth\'s axis is tilted 23.5 degrees Sun is a star Solar system order: (sun), mercury, venus, earth, mars, (asteroid belt), jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, (pluto, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud) Inner planets: terrestrial (rocky), small, few moons, close together\ Outer Planets: jupiter & saturn are gas giants, uranus & neptune are ice giants Big Bang: beginning of universe, a singularity rapidly expanded and created universe Nebula: cluster of gasses & particles Galaxy: cluster of gasses & particles & solar systems & stars, etc. Earth has all 3 states of matter Mars has ice caps Jupiter has 60+ moons and has red storm spot Saturn has many rings and 60+ moons and the largest moon is named titan Uranus rotates horizontally and it is blue because of methane and has small rings Neptune is blue because of methane