Podcast
Questions and Answers
What phase of the moon occurs when it appears full and bright?
What phase of the moon occurs when it appears full and bright?
- Waning gibbous
- Waxing gibbous
- New moon
- Full moon (correct)
Which reason explains why summer is typically the hottest season?
Which reason explains why summer is typically the hottest season?
- Earth's axis is tilted away from the sun.
- The sun provides more direct sunlight for longer hours. (correct)
- The sun is positioned directly over the poles.
- The distance between the Earth and sun decreases significantly.
Which of the following best describes a nebula?
Which of the following best describes a nebula?
- A cluster of gases and particles. (correct)
- A cluster of stars and solar systems.
- A planetary body with ice caps.
- A rigid, rocky planet.
Which statement accurately describes Jupiter?
Which statement accurately describes Jupiter?
What causes the phenomenon of king tides?
What causes the phenomenon of king tides?
What is the formula for calculating average speed?
What is the formula for calculating average speed?
In what scenario does an object experience constant speed?
In what scenario does an object experience constant speed?
What does the normal force represent?
What does the normal force represent?
Which type of friction is present when a box is sliding across a floor?
Which type of friction is present when a box is sliding across a floor?
According to Newton's second law, what does F=MA represent?
According to Newton's second law, what does F=MA represent?
What is the definition of inertia?
What is the definition of inertia?
What term describes the total combined force acting on an object?
What term describes the total combined force acting on an object?
What happens to an object's velocity when it is in a vacuum?
What happens to an object's velocity when it is in a vacuum?
Flashcards
Waxing gibbous
Waxing gibbous
The moon's illuminated portion is growing and is more than half but not fully bright.
Full Moon
Full Moon
The moon is fully illuminated by the sun, appearing round and bright.
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
All objects with mass attract each other, and the force of attraction increases with more mass and/or closer distance.
King Tide
King Tide
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Sun
Sun
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Point of Reference
Point of Reference
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Speed
Speed
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Velocity
Velocity
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Acceleration
Acceleration
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Gravity
Gravity
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Weight
Weight
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Inertia
Inertia
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Net Force
Net Force
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Study Notes
Physics Concepts
- Point of reference: The object or point from which motion is measured.
- Average speed: Total distance divided by total time.
- Velocity: Speed with a direction (e.g., 30 mph south).
- Acceleration: Change in velocity over time.
- Acceleration of gravity: -10 m/s².
- Potential energy (PE): PE = m * g * h (mass × gravity × height).
- Kinetic energy (KE): KE = ½ * m * v² (half × mass × velocity²).
- Constant speed: No acceleration.
- Vacuum: No air resistance.
- Unit conversion: Ensure units are consistent for calculations.
- Balanced force: Equal forces in opposite directions.
- Unbalanced force: Unequal forces in opposite directions.
Forces & Friction
- Static friction: Force that opposes the start of motion.
- Sliding friction: Force that opposes motion once it has started.
- Rolling friction: Friction caused by rolling objects.
- Fluid friction: Friction occurring in liquids and gases.
- Gravity: Force of attraction between objects with mass.
- Weight: Force of gravity on an object (weight = mass × gravity).
- Net force: Total force acting on an object.
- Inertia: Tendency of an object to resist changes in motion. (Newton's first law).
- Tension: Force in a stretched string or rope.
- Normal force: Force that supports an object against gravity.
Motion & Mechanics
- Newton's First Law: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- Newton's Second Law: Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma).
- Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Astronomy
Celestial Bodies & Events
- Solstice: The first day of summer or winter, when the tilt of Earth's axis is most inclined toward or away from the Sun.
- Equinox: The first day of spring or fall, when the tilt of Earth's axis is neither toward nor away from the Sun.
- Revolution: Orbit around a larger body (Earth's around the Sun = 365 days).
- Rotation: Spin on an axis (Earth's = 24 hours).
- New moon: Moon between Earth and Sun; not visible.
- First quarter: Half the moon is illuminated.
- Full moon: Entire moon is illuminated.
- Solar eclipse: Sun blocked by Moon.
- Lunar eclipse: Moon passes through Earth's shadow.
- Gravity: A force of attraction between objects with mass.
- Solar system: Order of bodies in our system (Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets).
Space & Universe
- Inner planets: Rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)
- Outer planets: Gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
- Nebula: Cloud of gas and dust.
- Galaxy: Collection of stars, gas, and dust.
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