Thing to Memorize for Midterm PDF

Thing to memorize for midterm Definition Polis: City; a self-governing community that feels like family and supports everyone. Acropolis: High temple; a sacred site at the city’s peak for worship. Agora: Public space; a marketplace and meeting place for social and political...

Thing to memorize for midterm Definition Polis: City; a self-governing community that feels like family and supports everyone. Acropolis: High temple; a sacred site at the city’s peak for worship. Agora: Public space; a marketplace and meeting place for social and political gatherings. Hippodamian Planning: Grid layout; urban planning by Hippodamus that connects homes, shops, and culture. Residential Districts: Living areas; neighborhoods for relaxation and culture. Cultural Areas: Fun zones; spaces for social interaction and relaxation. Defensive Walls: City barriers; structures protecting against invasions. Military Colonies: Garrison towns; settlements focused on military efficiency. Forum: Central space; the Roman version of the agora for social and political. Town Planning: Urban design; organizing city spaces for social and economic needs. Urban Identity: City character; the unique personality shaped by layout and culture. Sustainable Urban Planning: Future-friendly design; creating cities that meet today’s needs without harming future generations. Zoning Laws: Land use rules; regulations on how land can be developed. Gentrification: Neighborhood change; wealthier residents moving in, often pushing out lower-income residents. Smart Cities: Tech-driven areas; using data to improve urban life and services. Urbanization: City growth; more people living in urban areas and suburbs. Public Space: Open areas; parks and streets accessible to everyone for social interaction. Mixed-Use Development: Blended spaces; combining homes, shops, and cultural uses to encourage community.  Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): Transportation focus; creating walkable communities around public transport. Green Infrastructure: Natural systems; using parks and green roofs to manage stormwater sustainably. Land Use Planning: Development management; looking at how land is used based on community needs. Resilience: Community strength; the ability to bounce back from disasters or challenges. Urban Form: The physical layout and design of a city, including buildings, streets, public spaces, and overall organization. Organic Growth: The natural development of a city over time without a set plan, often leading to irregular street patterns and different building styles. Planned Urban Form: A city layout that is intentionally designed and organized according to specific plans. Grid System: A method of urban planning that uses a network of intersecting streets to create a rectangular layout. Traffic Management: Strategies to control and improve the flow of vehicles and pedestrians in urban areas. Cultural Landscape: The visible impact of human activity on the landscape, showing the cultural practices and values of a society. Urban Morphology: The study of the form, structure, and layout of urban spaces. Natural-World Determinants: Factors from the natural environment that affect urban form. Man-Made Determinants: Influences on urban form from human actions, including social, political, and economic factors. Islamic Urban Culture: The unique features and principles of urban design that developed in Islamic societies. Practice Questions: Short-Answer Questions 1. What is a city? A city is a large area where many people live and work, with buildings, roads, and various services. 2. Why do cities exist? Cities exist to bring people together for trade, culture, and governance, allowing for social interaction and economic activity. 3. What are the characteristics of ancient cities? Ancient cities typically had walls for protection, markets, temples, and organized streets for efficient movement. 4. What is a polis in the context of Greek cities? A polis was a city-state in ancient Greece, characterized by its own government and laws, often centered around a marketplace and a high point like an acropolis. 5. What role did the forum play in Roman cities? The forum was the central public space in Roman cities for social, political, and commercial activities, serving as a gathering place for citizens. 6. What characterized medieval cities? Medieval cities had narrow streets, walls for defense, a central marketplace, and a church or cathedral that served as a focal point. 7. How did the Renaissance influence urban design? The Renaissance emphasized symmetry, beauty, and public spaces, leading to more organized and aesthetically pleasing city layouts. 8. What was the focus of urban planning during the Enlightenment? Urban planning during the Enlightenment focused on order, cleanliness, and public health, promoting rational designs and green spaces. 9. What does urban theory explore? Urban theory explores how cities function, how they affect people's lives, and the social, economic, and political dynamics within urban areas. 10. How have cities evolved historically? Cities have evolved from small agricultural settlements to large urban centers, adapting to changes in trade, technology, and culture. 11. What are the key characteristics of Harappan urban planning? Harappan urban planning featured a grid layout, advanced drainage systems, and public baths, reflecting organized and sophisticated design. 12. How did climate influence the design of courtyard houses in Mesopotamian cities? Courtyard houses in Mesopotamia were designed to provide shade and ventilation, helping to keep homes cool in a hot climate. 13. What role did public games play in the social structure of Ancient Rome? Public games in Ancient Rome served as entertainment and reinforced social hierarchies, bringing people together for communal enjoyment. 14. Describe the layout of Sumerian cities and its significance. Sumerian cities were organized around a central temple, with homes and shops radiating outward, emphasizing the importance of religion and community. 15. What factors contributed to the decline of the Harappan civilization? The decline of the Harappan civilization was likely due to climate change, resource depletion, and possible invasions or migrations. 16. How did sanitation facilities in Mohenjo-Daro reflect the city's urban planning? Mohenjo-Daro had advanced sanitation facilities, including drainage systems, showing a high level of urban planning and concern for public health. 17. What architectural features distinguish Islamic urban culture from earlier models? Islamic urban culture is characterized by features such as mosques, minarets, and intricate tile work, often incorporating gardens and communal spaces.  18. Explain the significance of the citadel in Harappan cities. The citadel in Harappan cities served as a fortified area for important buildings, indicating centralized governance and community organization. 19. How did the winding street patterns in Mesopotamian cities serve practical purposes? Winding street patterns in Mesopotamian cities provided shade, reduced wind exposure, and helped with navigation, enhancing walkability. 20. What were the main differences between urban planning in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley? Mesopotamian urban planning often emphasized monumental architecture and religious centers, while Indus Valley cities focused on standardized layouts and advanced drainage systems. Fill in the information Polis:.a community that is close like a town that it feel like family Acropolis: a place to worship in a city Agora: community come together act like a family Hippodamian Planning: a grid layout that connect home , shop and everything together Residential Districts: a place to live and relax , enjoying life Cultural Areas: a fun area like a beach , theme park etc. a place to relax and have fun Defensive Walls: protect the city from attack Military Colonies: type of town mostly for military Forum: a space like agora but for the roman Town Planning: urban design. organizing space for the city need Urban Identity: characteristic. something that define urban space Sustainable Urban Planning: design that protects the future like paper straw.  Zoning Laws: law to use a space , like to build something, for example making more parking spots in your parking lots. Gentrification: rich people move out Smart Cities: using technology to improve life and stuff like transportation Urbanization: more people live in urban area , more green Public Space: making everything assessable like park and street so people can hang out Mixed-Use Development: having everything like shops , home and culture. to make a community Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): make everything close so you don't drive or use the bus to get around as much. making everything walkable Green Infrastructure: a natural way that is sustainable. Land Use Planning: making stuff base on people need Resilience: coming back from a challenge that is hard Urban Form: layout of street , park , home , building and shop making everything organized Organic Growth Planned Urban Form: the layout is intentional made a certain way Grid System: a way to use intersection to make a blocks like barcelona in urban planning Traffic Management: control traffic. Making it better for people and car. Cultural Landscape what left behind from culture and community like rome Urban Morphology: study of the layout, like home , park , street etc Natural-World Determinants: nature the environment that affect urban development Man-Made Determinants: human action like cutting forest that affect the environment changing it Islamic Urban Culture: feature , unique and the design of muslim city Essay question