The Years of Revolution (1600-1800)

The Years of Revolution (1600-1800) =================================== Revolution is a change or progression to improve society. 1. The **Intellectual Revolution** A. Influenced changes that affected The Scientific Revolution, The Age of Reason, The Enlightenment period B. The philososph...

The Years of Revolution (1600-1800) =================================== Revolution is a change or progression to improve society. 1. The **Intellectual Revolution** A. Influenced changes that affected The Scientific Revolution, The Age of Reason, The Enlightenment period B. The philososphes would help nations form legislative bodies of government C. Philosophes also influenced the monarchs 2. **The Industrial Revolution** (**Phase 1**) A. When, Who, How 1. It started in **Great Britain in 1769** when **James Watt** made the first functioning **steam** **engine** 2. Great Britain had large amounts of **coal and water resources** to produce steam 3. Great Britian also had large sources of **iron ore** which they converted into steel B. Why it Started 1. The British had the **largest empire** in the world and exploited their natural resources 2. It had **political stability**, which created a democratic government a. The people had the freedom to develop new ideas and inventions b. The people were able to create more goods 3. Great Britain had the **strongest navy** and merchant marine 4. It had a **mild climate** 5. They had a **good transportation system** of roads, railroads, harbors, and canals 6. They had **new agricultural improvements** a. They had a large number of skilled workers willing to work in factories b. This produced enough food for everyone who moved to the cities 7. They had a **good banking system** and people willing to make investments 8. They had **colonies** to use as a market for their goods 9. They **refused to share their** **ideas** with anyone else 10. The people **willingly moved from a rural to an urban area** C. Results of the Industrial Revolution 1. Great Britain became the first industrial giant of the world 2. Society changed in the upper and middle classes, creating millionaires 3. More books, newspapers, and magazines will be published 4. The new technology will increase the labor supply and make it more mobile 5. Capitalism became popular, started by Adam Smith in his book *the Wealth of Nations* D. **Monarchy and Parliament** changed in the Industrial Revolution 1. The **Hanove**r dynasty rules **Great Britain** a. **George 1** had very little power and was only a **figurehead** b. **George 2** was also just a **figurehead** 2. During this time, Parliament gains more power a. The monarchs had a **group of advisors called the Privy Council** who would make suggestions to Parliament b. Its members were made up of **Parliament members in the House of Commons** c. There were **two political parties** in the House of Commons 1. **Whigs supported a strong Parliament, commercial interests, and rights for the people** 2. **Tories supported a strong monarchy, the nobles, and large landowners** d. The position of prime minister was created to run the government 1. **Robert Walpole was Britain's first prime minister elected in 1721** 2. **He was prime minister for 21 years** e. The **Whig** party became **powerful** because it had the **support of the middle class**