The Philippines and Its People PDF

“HE WHO DOES NOT LOOK BACK TO WHERE HE CAME FROM WILL NOT KNOW WHERE HE IS GOING.” SESSION 2: The Filipino People I. The Beginning of the Filipino Race II. Our Malayan Heritage (Pre- Spanish Heritage) I. OUR EARLY ANCESTORS THE FIRST FILIPINOS WHO WERE THE FIRST PEOPLE TO LIVE IN THE PHI...

“HE WHO DOES NOT LOOK BACK TO WHERE HE CAME FROM WILL NOT KNOW WHERE HE IS GOING.” SESSION 2: The Filipino People I. The Beginning of the Filipino Race II. Our Malayan Heritage (Pre- Spanish Heritage) I. OUR EARLY ANCESTORS THE FIRST FILIPINOS WHO WERE THE FIRST PEOPLE TO LIVE IN THE PHILIPPINES? WHERE DID THEY COME FROM? WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM?  THREE MAIN SOURCES OF OUR ORIGIN: ◼ 1. THE STORY OF GOD’S CREATION IN THE BIBLE ◼ 2. THE STORY OF EVOLUTION MADE BY HUMAN SCIENTISTS ◼ 3. LEGENDS AND FAIRYTALES  I. I. THE BIBLICAL THEORY ◼ According to the Holy Bible, all men and women originated from Adam and Eve. After the Great Flood, Noah and his three sons left to settle the earth. Noah’s sons – Shem, Ham and Japhet- themselves had sons after the flood. One of the sons of the youngest, Japhet, was named Javan (see Genesis 10:1-4). Out of Javan, Noah’s grandson, came four sons named Elishah, Tharsis, the Kittim and the Rodanim. According to the Bible “From these the maritime peoples spread out into their territory by their claims within their nations, each with its own language.” ◼ Thus, Fr. Francisco Colin, a Jesuit historian wrote that the first settlers of our country was Tharsis, son of Javan and great grandson of Noah, together with his brothers and their descendants of these Biblical characters settled in the parts of the world that we now know as Asia, including the islands of the Philippines.  I. Creation by God (Holy Bible) Continuation… II. Human Theory of Evolution 1. Migration Theory 2. Core Population Theory  2. 1. Migration Theory ◼ Negritos >>>>> ◼ Indonesians>>>> ◼ Malays>>>>>>> ◼ Racial Mixtures of Filipinos came from waves of outside immigrants to these islands  2.2. Core Population Theory ◼ Ancient Filipinos already inhabited and also migrated from the islands to other parts. **Jocano's theory of earlier evolution and movement** ◼ Anthropologist F. Landa Jocano of the University of the Philippines contends that what fossil evidence of ancient men show is that they not only migrated to the Philippines, but also to New Guinea, Borneo, and Australia. He says that there is no way of determining if they were Negritos at all. However, what is sure is that there is evidence the Philippines was inhabited as early as 21,000 or 22,000 years ago. In 1962, a skull cap and a portion of a jaw, presumed to be those of a human being, were found in a Tabon Cave in Palawan.  Waves of Migration ◼ 1. The Dawn Man ◼ 2. The Negritos ◼ 3. The Indonesians ◼ 4. The Malays Discovery suggests humans lived in the Philippines much earlier than believed Archaeologists have unearthed tools and a rhino skeleton on the island of Luzon that may point to the existence of a human relative from 700,000 years ago. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/discovery-suggests- humans-lived-philippines-much-earlier-believed-n870916 An archaeologist works at the site of a dig where a treasure trove of tools and a nearly intact skeleton from a butchered rhinoceros were found at Kalinga, on the Philippine island of Luzon.Thomas Ingicco / National Museum of Natural History, France, via AFP — Getty Images ◼ Two cut flakes and a rib of rhinoceros at the site of the dig at Kalinga.Thomas Ingicco / National Museum of Natural History, France, via AFP — Getty Images  2. The Negritos ◼ The first people to come to the Philippines were the Negritos. They came across land bridges from mainland Asia about 25,000 years ago. At that time, our country was connected to Asia by land bridges which later sank below the sea.  Characteristics of the Negritos: ◼ 1. They were less than five feet tall. ◼ 2. They were called “Negritos” because they had black skin, short kinky hair, thick lips and flat noses. ◼ 3. They wore little clothing. ◼ 4. They had no government, no writing and no permanent homes. ◼ 5. They wandered in the forests and lived by hunting, fishing and gathering wild plants and fruits. ◼ 6. They used the bow and arrow for hunting. - Today, there are still Negritos in the hills of Zambales, Panay and Negros.  3. The Indonesians ◼ According to the migration theory, Indonesians were the immigrants to come by sea to the Philippines. They came about 5, 000 years ago. They sailed in boats from South Asia. They drove the Negritos into the mountains and lived in the lowlands. Characteristics of the Indonesians: ◼ 1. Two Types: ◼ 1. 1. Tall, light skin, large forehead, high nose and thin lips. ◼ 1. 2. Shorter, darker, with a large nose, thick lips and heavy jaw. ◼ 2. They lived in permanent homes. ◼ 3. They used fire to cook their food. ◼ 4. They lived by hunting, fishing and farming. ◼ 5. They painted their bodies with colorful figures. ◼ Today, the Indonesian minority tribes are found in some interior parts of our country. ◼ They are the Apayaos, Gaddangs, Ibanags, and Kalingas of Northern Luzon; the Tagbanuas of Palawan; and the Bagobos, Manobos, Mandayas, Bukidnons, Tirurays and Subanuns of Mindanao.  4. The Malays ◼ The Malays came after the Indonesians, about 2000 years ago. They also arrived in boats from Southeast Asia.  Characteristics of the Malays: ◼ 1. They were medium in height, brown- skinned, with dark eyes, flat noses and straight black hair. ◼ 2. They drove the Indonesians into the forests and lived in the lowlands. ◼ 3. The Malays were more civilized than the Indonesians. ◼ 4. They lived in larger villages. ◼ 5. They had government, writing, music, arts and sciences. ◼ 6. They lived by agriculture, fishing, mining and trading. The history of the coming of the Malays was best depicted in the story of “Maragtas” or the coming of the 10 Bornean Datus to the island of Panay. ◼ Majority of Filipinos today come from the Malay or brown race. Thus, there are Muslim Malays in Mindanao, Jolo and Palawan. And there are Christian Malays in the whole country. There are also Malay tribes like the Igorots, Ifugaos, Bontoks, and Tinggians of Luzon.  The Austronesians Austronesians are a group of people who migrated to the Philippines from Taiwan between 3000 and 1500 BCE. They brought their languages, traditions, and cultures with them.  What does the term "Austronesian" mean? ◼ The term "Austronesian" comes from the Latin word auster which means "south" and the Ancient Greek word nêsos which means "island". ◼ Wilhelm Schmidt coined the term.  How did they arrive? ◼ The Austronesians migrated by sea, using sails before 2000 BCE. ◼ They reached the Batanes Islands in the Philippines around 2200 BCE. ◼ Some historians believe that groups from Indonesia and Malaysia also arrived in the Philippines 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. What languages do they speak? ◼ Tagalog (Filipino) is an Austronesian language. ◼ Other Austronesian languages include Javanese, Indonesian, Sundanese, Malay, Cebuano, Malagasy, and Madurese.  Out of Taiwan Model ◼ The “Out of Taiwan” model is a migration theory put forward by archaeologist Peter Bellwood that suggests the Philippines was populated as a result of the migration of people of Austronesian ancestry. "Out of Taiwan model". HistoryLearning.com. 2025. Web. ◼ Austronesian people (or Austronesian- speaking people) are a group of people across Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the Pacific who speak Austronesian languages. According to the “Out of Taiwan” model, the ancestors of these people originated on the island of Taiwan following the migration of pre- Austronesian-speaking people from continental Asia between 10,000 - 6,000 BC. ◼ The migration to Taiwan purportedly took place during the Neolithic period, which began in around 6,500 BCE and continued until around 3,500 BC. According to the “Out of Taiwan” model, it was after this point that the large-scale growth of the Austronesian-speaking people  What are the similarities? ◼ 1. Languages ◼ 2. Canoes ◼ 3. Tattooing ◼ 4. Houses ◼ 5. Social Characters ◼ 6. Prehistoric Art Styles Traditional Austronesian generalized sail types. C, D, E, and F are types of crab claw sails. A: Double sprit (Sri Lanka) B: Common sprit (Philippines) C: Oceanic sprit (Tahiti) D: Oceanic sprit (Marquesas) E: Oceanic sprit (Philippines) F: Crane sprit (Marshall Islands) G: Rectangular boom lug (Maluku Islands, Indonesia) H: Square boom lug (Gulf of Thailand) I: Trapezial boom lug (Vietnam) Paraw of Boracay Hokule'a arrival in Honolulu from Tahiti in 1976  III. Legends and Fairy Tales ◼ There are also various legends and fairy tales about the origin of the first Filipino, but these were all not true. They were just the imaginary stories told to us by old folks to little children to keep them interested in their past.  1. The Story of Malakas and Maganda ◼ Long, long ago, after the land was formed as a result of the war between the sea and the sky, the clever bird, which incited the war, flew ashore. It landed on a bamboo plant in order to rest. While resting it happened to peck the bamboo. Suddenly, the bamboo split apart. Out of the first half of the bamboo came a handsome man, and out of the second half of the bamboo came a beautiful woman. The man was named Malakas (Lalake) and he was the first man in the world. The woman was named Maganda (Babae), and she was the first woman in the world. ◼ Malakas and Maganda got married. Many children were born to them. From these children came the Filipinos.  2. Racial Superiority of the Brown People ◼ Many, many years ago, there were no people on earth. One day, God walked around the earth and became lonely. So he decided to create the people who would inhabit the plains and hills. He stopped by a riverbank and got some clay. He moulded the clay into male and female figures and baked them over a slow fire. ◼ But because he did not know how to bake, the first figures of men and women turned out too black because they got burned. ◼ Since God was not happy with the black peoples who got burned from his first try at making men and women, he moulded new clay figures and put them back over the fire to cook. This time, he became too cautious and took away the clay figures before they could be cooked properly. God was upset to see that the clay figures were white, because they were under baked. ◼ For the third time, God moulded another set of clay figures and put them on fire. This time, he had practiced and knew perfectly what color of people he wanted. When the color of the clay figures turned brown; he stopped baking and was very happy with his work. ◼ Then God breathed life into all baked clay figures. Out of the black clay figures came the black peoples; out of the white clay figures the white peoples. The brown- skinned Filipinos are thus the perfect handiwork of God.