The Lymphatic System 2023 Student Version PDF

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM  LEARNING OUTCOMES ▪Understand the role of the lymphatic system ▪Understand the composition of the lymphatic fluid ▪Understand the movement of the lymph in the body ▪Understand why this is clinically relevant WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM? ’...

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM  LEARNING OUTCOMES ▪Understand the role of the lymphatic system ▪Understand the composition of the lymphatic fluid ▪Understand the movement of the lymph in the body ▪Understand why this is clinically relevant WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM? ’ v e rflow va l o f ‘o Remo l a r fluid tr a c e llu ex n of rp tio ts Imm so fa un e A b a ry filter t for ly d i e a nd l e mp h b solu d s l i p i a mi n vit r ou t e e d i c a bl e ti on Pr e a d o f c r Prod u for sp a l i g n a of c ti on /m cyt infe m p h o n ci es WHERE CAN WE FIND LYMPHATIC TISSUE IN THE BODY? Lymph vessel LYMPH FORMATION TISSU Lymph nodes or Lymphoid Drains into E organs (immunological veins DRAIN filter) AGE Overflow ECF ~3-4L/day 17-18L/day 21L/day Fluid incl. waste containing O2 Leaked products and and nutrients plasma CO2 protein Bacteria Cytoplasm Drains overflow ECF Cell debris  LYMPH PATHWAY Before reaching the circulation, the lymph passes through many lymph nodes and vessels The convergence of lymphatic vessels creates a lymphatic trunk All lymph is destined to the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct The inferior portion of the thoracic duct has a swelling known as the Cisterna Chyli  TISSU E DRAIN AGE 2 main trunks  Right lymphatic trunk (drains right upper quadrant)  Thoracic duct (drains everything else) LYMPH VESSELS TYPICALLY FOLLOW THE ARTERIES The pulsatile nature of the arteries helps push the lymph forward  Case courtesy of David Puyó, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 22420 IMAGING Case courtesy of Dr Mohammad Osama Yonso, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 17207 Case courtesy of Dr Garth Kruger, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 214 ABSORPTION https://image.slidesharecdn.com/digestionandabsorptionoflipids-150104110115-conversion-gate01/95/digestion-and-  Primary IMMUNITY lymphoid tissue Cell- mediated response Prolymphocyte Thymu T cells s B cells Secondary lymphoid Antibody- mediated organs Diffuse response lymphatic e.g. tissue e.g. spleen mucosa  B-cells = outer cortex LYMPH NODES 500-600 IN THE BODY! T-cells = inner cortex SPLEEN Where is the spleen? THYMUS  lymphocytes from bone marrow migrate to thymus to mature into T-cells Thym Proliferation us Involutio of T-cells n- clones to decrease create pool of d lymphocyte function s with age PATHOLOGY OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM A C B D LymphadenitisLymphadenopat LymphoedemaLymphangitis  SENTINEL NODES S C A C S H P  SENTINEL NODE BIOPSY IN BREAST CANCER Coloured dye and a radioactive tracer are Wait for the lymph vessels to transport the dye and injected into the tissue tracer to the sentinel node. surrounding the breast A probe is used to identify tumour. This gives two location of radioactive ways to identify the hotspot. location of the sentinel node. Radioactivity of the node The region is opened up at is confirmed and node is the location of the radioactive then sent to hot spot (in this case in the histopathology for axilla). The blue dye provides analysis. Histopathology a visual location of the lymph will be looking for signs vessels and sentinel node, as to whether the cancer which is then removed. cells could have spread further. Link to video  LEARNING OUTCOMES ▪Understand the role of the lymphatic system ▪Understand the composition of the lymphatic fluid ▪Understand the movement of the lymph in the body ▪Understand why this is clinically relevant Definition Clinical features Investigations (Test) Pathophysiology NECK LUMP Epidemiology and Risk Factors Definition Clinical features Investigations (Test) LYMPHADENOP Pathophysiology ATHY Epidemiology and Risk Factors Definition Clinical features Investigations (Test) Pathophysiology NECK LUMP Epidemiology and Risk Factors