THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL.pdf
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MS. DANICA MAE CUEVAS THE LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL Golden Gate Colleges The Life and Works of Rizal Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law Senator Jose P. Laurel, who sponsored Rizal Law, said that sinc...
MS. DANICA MAE CUEVAS THE LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL Golden Gate Colleges The Life and Works of Rizal Republic Act 1425 or Rizal Law Senator Jose P. Laurel, who sponsored Rizal Law, said that since Rizal was the founder of Philippine nationalism and has contributed much to the current standing of this nation, it is only right that the youth as well as all the people in the country know about and learn to imbibe the great ideals for which he died. Senator Jose P. Laurel The Life and Works of Rizal The Rizal Law, enacted in 1956, seeks to accomplish the following goals: The Life and Works of Rizal Goals of Rizal Law: 1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died 2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character 3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and writings. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal: Human and Hero The Life and Works of Rizal Reverence without understanding is for deities, not flesh and blood heroes like Rizal. Hero- worship must be both historical-critical.” (Ocampo: 1969) We must view Rizal as an evolving personality within an evolving historical period. Rizal was capable of unraveling the myths that were woven by the oppressors of his time, but he would have been at a loss to see through the more sophisticated myths and recognize the subtle techniques of present-day colonialist, given the state of his knowledge and experience at that time. The Life and Works of Rizal Many of his social criticisms are still valid today because certain aspect of our life is still carry- over of the feudal and colonial society of his time. To be able to appreciate a hero for that matter, we must be able to learn more about him – not merely his acts but the thoughts behind his acts, his reasons, the situation he found himself in as well as his motivations. “If Rizal is treated like God, he becomes unattainable and his accomplishments inhuman.” (Cristobal, 2004) The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal: An example of Sacrifice The Life and Works of Rizal Our national hero was a man of peace with a vision. Rizal suffered as much as his countrymen. He was the spark that gave birth to Philippine pride for one’s country and people. Yet all he wanted for his people was that they educate themselves so that they could stand as free men and face the world with head held high. “Whatever our condition might be then, let us love our country always and let us wish nothing but her welfare. Thus we shall labor in conformity with the purpose of humanity dictated by God which is the harmony and universal peace of His creations” Letter of Rizal to Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal Ideas: A Reply to the Challenges of our Millennium “Rizal ideas are responses in the challenges of the new millennium” - Ambassador Edmundo Libid The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal's Virtues of Character The Life and Works of Rizal Honesty Personal Integrity Patriotism Civic Responsibility Willingness to Sacrifice High Sense of Justice Family Solidarity The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal: A Modern Day The Life and Works of Rizal According to Nick Joaquin, Rizal was greatly aggrieved by his physique. When Rizal was young, he was always teased by his sisters because of his frail body and often described as a very tiny child with a disproportionately big head that he carried even in his adulthood. The Life and Works of Rizal When the young Rizal was in the early stages of adolescence, he strove to erase his punny image. He became interested in body- building and athletics but his feelings of inferiority had made an indelible mark on his soul. Rizal was forever haunted by a sense of inadequacy which explains his inability to sustain relationships with women and great dread for responsibility. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal's inferiority complexes were not without positive side, however. It is his feelings of inn adequacy that made him dynamic and he continually looked for ways to be better than others. Jose Rizal's dynamism was what made him a jack of many talents, and a master of many trades. What he lackeed in physique he compensated by excelling iin many fields such as science,art,literature,among many others. Because of his insecurities, Rizal strove to overcome himself and rise above the others. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal's determination to excel in as many fields as possible was to show the world that he was capable, that he was as tall as the next man. He proved that he was very much taller by rising above himself. RIZAL’S GENEALOGY AND EARLY EDUCATION MS.DANICA MAE CUEVAS INSTRUCTOR The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Jose Protacio Realonda Alonso Mercado Rizal June 19, 1861 between eleven o’clock and twelve o’clock at night. Austin Craig accounted that Rizal’s father’s family began in the Philippines with a Chinaman. Domingo Lam-Co; the family’s paternal ascendant was full-blooded Chinese. The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan There were traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and some Negro ancestry in the grandmother, Domingo Lam-Co’s wife, Ines de la Rosa. Francisco Mercado Y Chinco, Chinese- Filipino descent who apparently owed his surname to the Chinese custom of looking for the appropriate meaning. The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Sangley, the name throughout all the Philippines for Chinamen, signifies “traveling traders.” Mercado was used for trader. Francisco Mercado was born in Biňan and lived to be eighty years old, the youngest in the family of thirteen siblings: men and six women, alternating in the following order: The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Petrona, Gabino, Potenciana, Leoncio, Tomasa, Casimiro, Basilisa, Gabriel, Fausta, Julian, Cornelio, Gregorio, and Francisco. The parents of these thirteen siblings were Captain Juan Mercado, who had been the Gobernadorcillo or Mayor of Biňan, and Cirala Alejandra, daughter of Maria Guiňo. The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Juan Mercado was the order of the two brothers- Juan and Clemente- sons of Francisco Mercado and Bernarda Monicha. The hero’s father was named Francisco in memory of his grandfather. Jose Rizal’s father was a well educated farmer with studies in Latin and philosophy at the Colegio de San Jose in Manila. The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Early in his adult life he moved to Calamba and became a tenant farmer. He attained a degree of wealth, established a fine library and cultivated friends among the friars and Spanish government officials. The name Francisco was a name held in high honor in Laguna for it had belonged to a famous sea captain who The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan had been given the ENCONMIENDA OF BAY for his services and had won the regard of those who paid tribute to him because of his fairness and interest in their welfare. Mrs. Teodora Alonso, mother of Jose Rizal, was a second among the children ( Narcisa, Teodora, Gregorio, Manuel and Jose) The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Teodora Alonso was one of the highly educated women in the Philippines at that time. She was born on November 9, 1827, and died on August 16, 1911 at the advanced age of 84. As a student of Colegio de Santa Rosa, she had a business and literary sense far ahead of her time. The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan She was a gifted woman with insights into literature, art, music, and other forms of Filipino culture. She was also a poet and wrote in the Tagalog language. She urged her son to read and write in Tagalog and impressed upon him the importance of Philippine culture and history. The Life and Works of Rizal The Ancestry Clan Jose’s earliest poems were written with the help of his mother and his career as a novelist was due to her influences. Teodora had one of the most masterful commands of Spanish in the Philippines. The Life and Works of Rizal Trivia - The Names Jose Protacio Realonda Alonso Rizal Mercado Jose- was chosen by his mother who was devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St.Joseph) Protacio- was taken from St. Protacio, who were very properly was a martyr. That a Filipino priest baptized him and a secular Archbishop confirmed him seem fitting. The Life and Works of Rizal Trivia - The Names Rizal- the name was adapted in 1850 by authority of the Royal Decree of 1849, upon the order of Governor Narciso Claveria. Rizal was a shortened form of Spanish word for “second crop,” seemed suited to a family of farmers who were making a second start in a new home. Alonzo-old surname of his mother· The Life and Works of Rizal Trivia - The Names Y-and-Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the culture by that time Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in English The Life and Works of Rizal The Siblings Jose was the seventh of eleven children; the younger of two boys. FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898) Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila. The Life and Works of Rizal The Siblings TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and in 1913 in Manila. The Life and Works of Rizal The Siblings SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas. PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. The Life and Works of Rizal The Siblings NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) The third child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician. OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth. LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa. The Life and Works of Rizal The Siblings MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna. JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896. CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) The eight child. Died at the age of three. The Life and Works of Rizal The Siblings JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster. TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die. SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero. The Life and Works of Rizal Early Education Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Biñan. A typical schooling that a son an ilustrado family received during his time, characterized by the four R’s- reading, writing, arithmetic, and religion. Despite the defects of the Spanish system of elementary education, Rizal was able to acquire the necessary instruction preparatory for college work in Manila. The Life and Works of Rizal The Hero’s First Teacher The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character and fine culture. On her lap, he learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers. "My mother," wrote Rizal in his student memoirs, "taught me how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which I raised fervently to God." The Life and Works of Rizal The Hero’s First Teacher It was she who first discovered that her son had a talent for poetry. Accordingly, she encouraged him to write poems. To lighten the monotony of memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s imagination, she related many stories. The Life and Works of Rizal The Hero’s First Teacher Tutors of Rizal Maestro Celestino Maestro Lucas Padua Leon Monroy The Life and Works of Rizal The Early Religious Formation Young Rizal was a religious boy. A scion of a Catholic clan, born and bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, and possessed of an inborn spirit, Rizal grew up a good Catholic The Life and Works of Rizal The Early Religious Writings and Experiences He wrote during his Ateneo days two separate religious poems. One was titled “Al Niňo Jesus” (To the Child Jesus), and the other was “ A La Virgen Maria” ( To the Virgin Mary). The first poem, an Ode to Jesus, which was written in 1875. The Life and Works of Rizal The Early Religious Writings and Experiences To the child Jesus How, God-child, hast Thou come To earth in cave forlorn Does fortune new deride Thee When Thou art scarcely born? Ah woe! Celestial king Who mortal form doesn’t keep, Woulds’t rather than be Sovereign, Be shepherd of Thy Sheep The Life and Works of Rizal The Early Religious Writings and Experiences The other religious poem addressed to the Virgin Mary appears to be a sonnet. Its last three lines remind one of the hymn, “Mother of Christ” in the Baclaran church novena. While in Ateneo, he composed a poem entitled “ Alianza intima la religion y la educacion” ( An Intimate Alliance of Religion and Education) JOSE RIZAL: HIS EDUCATION AND CAREER MS.DANICA MAE CUEVAS INSTRUCTOR The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic Records Rizal’s began the education that would solidify his political thoughts at Ateneo, Manila Won a special prize in poetry for “A La Javentud Filipina,” and he cultivated the intellectual direction which led to his nationalistic writings. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic Records He was remembered as an original thinker, a creative scholar and a natural leader. He not only became the leader of his fellow students, but he also took up fencing and gymnastics. The most noticeable change in Rizal’s education was his mastery of Spanish. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic Records Rizal constantly read Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez remarked that he was becoming proficient in the language. At this point, Rizal began writing in Spanish. Most of his famous works were written in that language. Father Jose Villaclara who instructed Rizal in the sciences and philosophy. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic Records He developed a scientific curiosity in young Rizal that lasted until his death. It was Father Villaclara who convinced Rizal to take a “scientific attitude” about life. During his years in Ateneo Rizal desire to serve as a local nationalist. Rizal write his poem “ Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria ( Through Education the Fatherland Receives Glory) ” The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic Records Eventually, Rizal would excel as a scientist, a fiction writer, a nationalist and a medical doctor. Ambeth Ocampo, Filipino revisionist historian, is a popular writer and general debunker of local history, suggests that Rizal was not a good student. However, he went into Ateneo archives and found that Rizal was an excellent student. The Life and Works of Rizal Rizal’s Formative Years in Ateneo and Scholastic Records Rizal stood out as a student leader and a national spokesperson, because he had the ability to talk to the average Filipino. one of the problems with Rizal’s education was the lack of intellectual growth. After Ateneo, he enrolled at the University of Sto Tomas. The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas Rizal enrolled at the University of Sto Tomas, a Dominican school. It was at the University of Sto Tomas that Rizal continued to create his vision of Philippine nationalism. It was here that Rizal improved on the academic lessons he learned in Ateneo and placed them at the boarder historical perspective. The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas He decided to sign up for Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year because of the following reasons: 1. It was what his father would have wanted for him. 2. He had failed to seek the advice of the rector of the Ateneo, Father Ramon Pablo. The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas As part of the course, he had to complete units in the following subjects: Cosmology and Metaphysics Theodicy History of Philosophy The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas After completing his first year, Rizal decided to take up medicine as his university course. This change of heart was due to two factors 1. Father Ramon Pablo, rector of the Ateneo, had advised him to pursue the course. 2. Rizal's mother had failing eyesight and he thought he owed it to her to become a doctor and cure her condition. The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas Rizal's performance at the University of Santo Tomas was not as excellent as his time at the Ateneo. His grades after shifting to medicine had suffered as well. Unfortunately, Rizal was not happy at UST and this reflected on his grades. The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas There were three main factors that contributed to his unhappiness at the university, namely: 1. The Dominican professors were hostile to him. 2. Filipino students suffered discrimination. 3. The method of instruction at UST was obsolete and repressive. The Life and Works of Rizal College Life in Unibersidad de Santo Tomas Likewise, there were three main reasons for his struggling academic performance; 1. Rizal was not satisfied with the system of education at the university. 2. There were plenty of things to distract a young man in the peak of his youth. 3. Medicine was not Rizal's true vocation.
