Late Middle Ages PDF

THE LATE MIDDLE AGES THE CENTURY OF WAR, PLAGUE AND DISORDER (McDowall, 1989˃˃ p. 43-50)  BACKGROUND INFORMATION  plague*˃ 14th century=˃ Europe+Britain  England˃ struggles ˃ France; Scots; con...

THE LATE MIDDLE AGES THE CENTURY OF WAR, PLAGUE AND DISORDER (McDowall, 1989˃˃ p. 43-50)  BACKGROUND INFORMATION  plague*˃ 14th century=˃ Europe+Britain  England˃ struggles ˃ France; Scots; control ˃ Ireland and Wales  alliance between merchants and gentry  creation of new class˃ armed men in the countryside instead of the old feudal system of 40 days´ service (see presentation Early Middle Ages, slide n.13)  local private armies ˃ damage the local economy... increase the nobles´ ability to challenge the authority of the Crown... nobles=class  frequent murders of the kings _________________________________________________________________________________________  * Black Death ˃ a lot of French and Latin people died =˃ English people could take their jobs; English ˃ l. of law and official business... Henry V. ˃ the 1.English king since Norman conquest- wrote official documents in English- to be popular with the common people  Black Death˃ killed not only people but also animals ˃ agricultural crisis  after Black Death ˃ other plagues ˃ dramatic fall in population 2 (see the consequences of Black Death ˃ slide n. 6 ˃ from economic point of view)  WAR WITH SCOTLAND AND FRANCE  Scotland under England´s dominion?.... The Scots allies Auld (Old) Alliance ˃ Scotland (S)+ France (F) against England (E) E´s problems with F ˃ growing of French authority in France + control all nobles  F ˃ rebellious vassals = the duke of Burgundy and the English king = French king´s overlordship  Burgundy ˃ E ˃ trading ˃ E´s wool exports... duke of Burgundy ˃ alliance with E against F ˃ Edward III. =˃ war with France in 1337-1453=˃ Hundred Years War (see the next slide)  Result of the war: English Crown ˃ losing almost all its possessions in France 3  HUNDRED YEARS WAR  effective weapon of English army ˃ Welsh longbow ˃ “clouds” of arrows  “... winning battles was a good deal easier than winning wars”  the struggle between the French and English kings over French territories continued into the 15th century 4  THE AGE (CODE) OF CHIVALRY  roots of the term: Edward III. and his eldest son, the Black Prince ˃ courage on the battlefield  the way in which a perfect knight should behave (legend of king Arthur)  fought for his good name serving God and the king; defending any lady in need  war was perceived as something noble and glorious... in fact ˃ death, cruelty  chivalry ˃ introduced into the court of Edward III. 5  CONSEQUENCES OF BLACK DEATH ˃ ECONOMY  the end of 13th century ˃ sharp rise in prices ˃ paying workers for their labour ˃ back to serfdom  not so many people to work (due to Black Death) ˃ could they ask for more money for their labour? ˃ the end of serfdom  landlords returned to the 12th century practice of letting out their land to energetic freeman farmers=˃ increasing land lord´s profits  smaller farmers ˃ new class renting the manorial lands=˃ “yeomen” ˃ even for peasants= more comfortable  export of finished cloth (finished product) instead of wool (raw material)=˃  spinning ✓  London˃ larger and richer 6  THE POOR IN REVOLT  English people (poor and sick)˃ no rebellion against “expensive” Edward III.  Richard II. (son of Black Prince) ˃ king at the age of 11 ˃ advisers introduced taxes for every person over the age of 15 ˃ increasing of taxes + return to serfdom  discontent with the state ˃ poor revolt ˃ Wat Tyler (leader) ˃ “We are men formed in Christ´s likeness and we are kept like animals” ˃ equality among people=˃ the end of feudalism and respect for honest labour Tyler´s death ˃ Richard II.˃ promise=˃ result= “Serfs you are and serfs you shall remain.” 7  HERESY AND ORTHODOXY  discontent with the Church´s property ˃ wealth of the Church but poor quality of its clergy  English people ˃ paying taxes to the pope? =˃ NO (pope was living in Avignon, France)  bishops and clergy ˃ oppose to the king... WHY? ˃ they were English coming from noble families... sharing political views of the nobility  14th century ˃ spread of religious writings – used for private prayers=˃ increase of Church´s authority  new religious ideas ˃ “Lollardy” ˃ heresy?  leader ˃ John Wycliffe ˃ each person should be able to read the Bible in English and be guided by it... translation from Latin... publishing his new Bible  Henry IV. ˃ executing the Lollards by burning 8  BIBLIOGRAPHY McDowall, D. 1989. An Illustrated History of Britain. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow: Longman. 1989. 188 p. ISBN 0-582-74914-X 9 WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER? The Late Middle Ages 10 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ! 11