The History of Tourism & Hospitality in the Philippines PDF

The History of Tourism and Hospitality The 19th Century Transportation Revolution Thomas Cook's Pioneering Efforts The 19th century witnessed a This shift led to the rise of travel transportation revolution. The organizers like Thomas Cook, who development of railways...

The History of Tourism and Hospitality The 19th Century Transportation Revolution Thomas Cook's Pioneering Efforts The 19th century witnessed a This shift led to the rise of travel transportation revolution. The organizers like Thomas Cook, who development of railways and steam pioneered organized train trips and power made travel more affordable tours, including international ones. and accessible. Railways made In 1866, he arranged his first travel cheaper and more reliable, American tour, and in 1874, while commercial airlines made introduced "Cook's circular notes," a long-distance travel accessible precursor to traveler's checks. globally. The 20th Century 1 Post-World War I Motorized road transport made seaside tours popular, and international travel grew due to military exposure to foreign cultures during the war. 2 World War II The war expanded travel opportunities as soldiers encountered new countries, fostering international friendships. 3 Aircraft Technology Developments in commercial and wartime aircraft during the 19th and 20th centuries revolutionized travel, making it faster, safer, and more affordable compared to sea travel. 4 1970s Tourism Trends Economic growth and increased trade led to a rise in business travel, conferences, and incentive tourism. Ancient Period The Sumerians Early Traders The Sumerians, By 2000 BC, trade in the living in Mesopotamia region had flourished, leading Mesopotamia around to a growing need for 4000 BC, were hospitality services. This pioneers in the demand resulted in the hospitality industry, establishment of thriving in caravanserais along the agriculture and Silk Road, which served animal breeding due as guest houses, roadside inns, and to their fertile land. hostels offering overnight accommodation to traders and travelers. Empires: 3200 B.C to 476 A.D Egyptian Empire Greek Empire Roman Empire The Egyptians were known The ancient Greeks viewed The Roman Empire's for their warm hospitality, guests as god-sent and development of trade, road ensuring guests felt treated them with great networks, wars, religious welcome and valued. They honor and respect. Due to activities, and attractions pioneered tourism and their frequent travel for greatly contributed to the hospitality by providing food trade, war, and exploration, growth of travel and and lodging to travelers the need for tourism. Roman innovations, visiting their country to see accommodation and such as law, cement, and landmarks like the pyramids protection led to the infrastructure, also and tombs, as well as those development of inns and supported this expansion. attending religious festivals. taverns. MEDIEVAL PERIOD Dark Ages 1 Decline of Roman Inns Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the once-thriving network of Roman inns dwindled, leaving behind only scattered taverns and a few rudimentary inns across Europe. 2 Monasteries as Centers of Hospitality During the Middle Ages, hospitality became intertwined with religion. Christian monasteries, often situated along major travel routes, provided food, shelter, and care to travelers, particularly pilgrims, serving as both spiritual and practical centers for travelers. The Hospice of St. Bernard 3 One notable example is the Hospice of St. Bernard, located in the Alps, which offered free lodging and assistance to those crossing the treacherous mountain passes. Donations were encouraged from those who could afford it. Renaissance: 1350 A.D to 1600 A.D Focus on Table Manners Decline of Dining Establishments During the Renaissance, there was a growing While etiquette emphasis on refined evolved, the table manners and Renaissance period saw proper conduct during a decline in the number meals. Etiquette guides of dining emphasized the establishments. In importance of avoiding England, taverns, pubs, using fingers to eat, and inns primarily refraining from burping served beverages, and at the table, and the upper class adhering to specific generally avoided these seating arrangements. establishments, favoring private dining. The Early Modern Period: 1600 A.D to 1800 A.D Improved Regulation and Safety The Birth of Restaurants Accommodations By the 1600s, local laws The 1700s saw the birth of In the 17th and 18th required innkeepers to the modern restaurant centuries, the quality of obtain licenses, ensuring concept. In France, inns, particularly in England, guest safety and property Boulanger opened a saw significant protection. These business selling soups and improvement. The rise of regulations also ensured broths, which he called stagecoach travel, a popular that inns would accept all "restaurants," meaning form of transportation travelers, regardless of their "restoratives." This during this time, led to the social standing. innovative approach, along development of inns along with legal rulings that stagecoach routes to allowed both caterers and provide rest and meals for restaurateurs to serve food, travelers and their horses. laid the foundation for the modern restaurant industry. The Industrial Era: 1800s Industrialization and Transportation The Industrial Revolution, beginning in the mid-18th century, dramatically impacted hospitality. The growth of industrialized societies, coupled with the invention of new transportation modes, such as railways and steamboats, facilitated travel and created a demand for accommodations and dining options. Expansion of Travel The rise of affordable and efficient transportation made travel more accessible to a wider population, leading to an increase in tourism and a corresponding expansion of the hospitality Emergence of New Lodging Options industry. New lodging options emerged to accommodate the growing number of travelers, including hotels, motels, and boarding houses, catering to a diverse range of needs and budgets. MODERN PERIOD The 19th Century 1 Rise of Luxury Hotels 2 Expansion of the Restaurant The 19th century witnessed the Concept emergence of luxury hotels, offering Hotels began incorporating dedicated sophisticated accommodations, enhanced dining areas, further expanding the dining facilities, and amenities such as concept of restaurants and offering a bars, pools, and elegant architectural wider variety of dining experiences. designs. 3 Dining Out and Food 4 Mass Feeding and Ice Cream Preservation The popularity of dining out increased, Parlors Mass feeding programs emerged, catering and advancements in food preservation to large groups and events, while the techniques, such as canning and vacuum establishment of ice cream parlors packing, allowed for wider distribution and introduced new culinary delights and accessibility of food products, further social gatherings. enhancing the dining experience. Twentieth Century Growth of Hotel Chains The popularity of hostels and the culture of hospitality created opportunities for the growth of large hotel chains in the early to mid-20th century. Motels The rise of automobiles and improved road networks made travel more accessible, leading to the development of motels along highways for short-term stays. World Tourism Day In 1980, the United Nations World Tourism Organization declared September 27 as "World Tourism Day" to promote sustainability in global tourism. The Twenty-First Century The 21st century has seen the hospitality industry evolve from its origins of simply providing accommodations to becoming one of the most prestigious global sectors. Despite constant changes, the focus has always been on satisfying the needs of travelers and guests. Technological advancements have played a major role in the industry's growth, allowing hotels and restaurants to reach new heights in service and innovation. Origins of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines Before Spanish colonization, the The Negritos, indigenous people of the Philippines witnessed the exchange of Philippines, arrived around 25,000 years goods and ideas through trade ago, followed by the Indonesians and networks. Evidence of these connections Malays. These groups brought their own can be seen in artifacts from India, unique cultural practices and traditions, Taiwan, and Japan, found across the creating a rich tapestry of indigenous archipelago. The South China Sea trade knowledge and practices. Travel and route facilitated the flow of goods and trade were crucial to the development people between Southeast Asia, and exchange of these cultures. connecting the Philippines to Vietnam, India, and Malaysia. Magellan's Arrival In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing for Spain, arrived in the Philippines, marking the beginning of Spanish colonization. He claimed the islands for the Spanish crown, and Manila became a key trading city. Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Between 1565 and 1815, the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade connected the Philippines to Mexico, making Manila a central point for trade between Asia and the Americas. This trade route led to the exploitation of local resources. Expansion of Trade Networks The Spanish government maintained trade relations with other Asian countries, solidifying Manila's position as a major trading center in Southeast Asia. It brought new goods, technologies, and ideas, while simultaneously impacting indigenous cultures and economies. Increased Accessibility The rise of air travel, with airlines like Pan-American, and the use of steamships, made Manila more accessible to foreign travelers. This led to an increase in tourist arrivals, igniting the beginnings of tourism in the Philippines. Colorum Cars Private colorum cars, though illegal, emerged as a means of transport for tourists exploring the Philippines. These cars were considered illegal because they weren't licensed for passenger transport, but they were tolerated due to the limited tourism infrastructure at the time. Growing Demand The growing demand for tourism services led to the development of simple tourist accommodations and transportation options, reflecting the nascent state of the tourism industry in the Philippines during this period. Pre-martial Law Era Tourism Potential PTTA Formation Government Support Following World War II, the The Philippines Tourist and The success of the PTTA led Philippines recognized the Travel Association (PTTA) to government support for potential of tourism to was formed in 1952 to tourism. Republic Act No. drive economic growth. address the growing needs 710 was passed to promote Tourism activities became of the tourism sector. This tourism, and in 1956, the more formalized, with private organization aimed Board of Travel and Tourist international steamships to improve tourism Industry (BTTI) was and airlines starting to infrastructure, promote established under the operate. tourism's benefits, and Department of Commerce ensure a safe experience and Industry. for visitors.  The Martial Law Era Increased Despite Arrivals initial challenges, the tourism and hospitality industry in the Philippines flourished under Martial Law. Tourist arrivals surged due to government initiatives that improved safety, services, and sanitation. Tourism Agencies Established The Department of Trade and Tourism (DTT) was created to oversee tourism's role in economic growth. The DTT was later split, forming the Department of Tourism (DOT) responsible for regulating and promoting Philippine tourism. Infrastructure The Development Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA) was established to handle infrastructure development, while the Philippine Convention Bureau (PCB) marketed conventions. These efforts boosted tourism in the country. The Post-Martial Law Era Reorganizatio nollowing the political instability of the late Martial Law era, the F Department of Tourism (DOT) was reorganized as the primary agency responsible for promoting and developing tourism in the Philippines. Sustainable Tourism The 1987 Philippine Constitution included provisions for sustainable tourism, emphasizing the need to protect the environment. This led to initiatives promoting ecotourism, which were later formalized by Executive Order 111 in 1999. Ecotourism Development Between 1992 and 1998, efforts were made to promote ecotourism as a key aspect of sustainable tourism. These efforts aimed to balance economic development with environmental conservation. 21st Century Era (2001-Present) 1 Tourism Decline 2 National Ecotourism The early 21st Strategy century saw a decline The government in foreign tourist launched the National arrivals, partly due to Ecotourism Strategy political instability. (NES) to develop This highlighted the ecotourism products, need for continued promote responsible efforts to promote tourism, and tourism and ensure maximize community stability in the benefits while industry. enhancing visitor experiences. 3 Tourism Act (RA 9593) In 2009, the Tourism Act (RA 9593) was enacted, recognizing tourism as a critical element of the national economy. The law emphasized the industry's role in socio-economic growth and cultural preservation. Other Organizations in Tourism and Hospitality Industry 1. Tourism Infrastructure 9. Tourism Promotions and Enterprise Zone Board (TPB) Authority (TIEZA) 2. Intramuros 10. National Parks Development Administration (IA) Committee (NPDC) 3. Nayong Pilipino 11. Philippine Retirement Foundation (NPFI) Authority (PRA) 4. Philippine Commission 12. Duty Free Philippines on Sports Scuba Diving Corporation (DFPC) (PCSSD) 5. Philippine Tour 13. World Tourism Operators Association Organization (UNWTO) (PhiITOA) 6. Tourism Educators and 14. Travel Cooperative of Movers (TEAM) Philippines the Philippines (TCP) 7. Hotel and Restaurant 15. Philippine Hotel Association of the Owners Association Philippines 8. Philippine Travel Agencies Association (PTAA) PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Cesar Ritz Ellsworth Milton Statler Known as the general manager of the Considered a pioneer in hotel Savoy Hotel in London, Ritz management, Statler focused on popularized the phrase "the customer providing affordable luxury for middle- is always right." His legacy lives on class travelers. He introduced through the Ritz-Carlton hotels, innovations like telephones, radios, symbolizing luxury and exceptional mirrors, closets, and ice water in hotel service. rooms, enhancing guest comfort. PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Mamerth Banatin Conrad Hilton Thomas Cook A Filipino travel Known as the "biggest The founder of the pioneer, Banatin hotel man in the world's first travel founded Adam's world," Hilton agency, Cook is Express, a major travel pioneered the 1 to 5- credited with making agency in the star hotel rating world travel accessible Philippines. He system and integrated to the middle class. His pioneered pilgrimage hotels with resorts and name inspired the tours and introduced casinos. He also term "Cook's tour," exotic destinations like standardized hotel referring to a quick, Bhutan and operations through the multi-stop journey Kazakhstan to Filipino formation of a group of through various travelers. In 2018, he American hotels in destinations. received a Lifetime 1954. Achievement Award PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Howard Dearing Johnson J. Willard Marriott A pioneer in brand leveraging and Founder of Marriott Corporation, Marriott franchising, Johnson introduced the emphasized the importance of employee concept of franchising to the tourism care, famously stating, "take care of your and hospitality industry in the 1930s. people and they will take care of your business," contributing to the growth and success of the company. Ray Kroc Isadore Sharp Known for expanding McDonald's, Kroc Founder and chairman of Four Seasons founded McDonald's System, Inc. in Hotels, Sharp introduced numerous 1955. He introduced key operational guest-focused innovations, including guidelines such as Quality, Service, complimentary shampoo, 24-hour room Cleanliness, and Value, and his motto, service, and same-day laundry services. "Never be idle a moment," shaped the company's culture. PIONEERS IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY Ruth Fertel Founder of Ruth's Chris Steak House, a major upscale restaurant chain in the U.S., Fertel grew the business to 59 locations, selling over 11,000 steaks daily with a gross income of $200 million annually. Factors that Favor the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality Rising expenditures capacity of large Growth and development of cities. sections of the population. Discovery of new and Virgin Islands. Increasing number of retired people Easier ways to book for package tours. who want to leisure travel. Emergence of cheap package tours Increase in the number of holidays - (promos) and inexpensive special holidays, non-working holidays, transportation. etc. Modern transportation due to Migration of people. technological and engineer People are becoming more focused in advancements. careers development increasing Advances in communication. business travels. People are being more family-oriented. Loan availability. Shift in values. Higher educational attainment.