History of Tourism and Hospitality PDF

MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY The History of Tourism and Hospitality At the end of the lesson, students should be able to Describe Describe the history of the tourism and hospitality industry; Explain Explain the origin of tourism and hospitality in the Ph...

MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY The History of Tourism and Hospitality At the end of the lesson, students should be able to Describe Describe the history of the tourism and hospitality industry; Explain Explain the origin of tourism and hospitality in the Philippines; Identify Identify the international travel patterns; and Describe Describe the factors that favor the growth of tourism and hospitality. HISTORY OF TOURISM People have always had a need to travel, be it to explore and discover new lands or for our own enjoyment. Tourism covers precisely the latter. We can trace the origin of the modern concept of tourism back to the 17th century, when young nobles from western and northern European countries made what was called the Grand Tour: a trip around Europe (usually covering France, Germany, Italy and Greece) with the main purpose of soaking up history, art and cultural heritage. It was considered a perfect way to be educated. EARLY TOURISM Man has traveled since the earliest times although the term tourism was used only in the 19th century. Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word torah which means 'studying, learning, or searching'. Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old Testament. Noah with his Ark must have been the first large- scale operator even though his passengers were mostly animals. 1 Chapters 26 and 27 of the Book of Ezekiel describe trade and commerce in ancient Tyre and recount the travels abroad made by merchants. Two Forms of Early Tourism 1. Trading. The invention of money, writing, and wheel by the Sumerians facilitated travel and exchange of goods. 2. Travel for religious reasons. This took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship such as Chaucer's tale of pilgrimage to Canterbury. Beginning in 1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain and carry permits, the forerunner for the modern passport. TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD Travel, derived from the word travail, became burdensome, dangerous, and demanding during this time. After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, roads were not maintained, and they became unsafe. Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled. TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERAS Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court were encouraged to travel to the continent to widen their education. This practice was gradually adopted by others in the lower social scale. In time, it became recognized that the education of a gentleman should be completed by a "Grand Tour" of the cultural centers of the continent which lasted for three years. The Grand Tour The Grand Tour was the 17th- and 18th-century custom of a traditional trip through Europe undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a chaperone, such as a family member) when they had come of age (about 21 years old). The custom which flourished from about 1660 until the advent of large-scale rail transport in the 1840s and was associated with a standard itinerary - served as an educational rite of passage. Though the Grand Tour was primarily associated with the British nobility and wealthy landed gentry, similar trips were made by wealthy young men of other Protestant Northern European nations, and, from the second half of the 18th century, by some South and North Americans. TOURISM DURING THE RENAISSANCE AND ELIZABETHAN ERAS By the end of the 18th century, the practice had become institutionalized for the upper class of society. As young men sought intellectual improvement in the continent, the sick sought a remedy for their illnesses in "spas" or medicinal baths. The term "spa" is derived from the Walloon word espa meaning "fountain." Turnbridge Wells in Kent (near London) became famous as a spa in the 1660s. A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (and sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments, which are also known as balneotherapy. In what way do ‘spas’ contribute to growth of tourism? Spas are now an integral component of market expectations for resort areas. Having a robust, well regulated, aptly trained and up to date labor force, builds upon the offering of tourism destinations and thus, contributes to its growth. To put it another way, a resort destination with no spas, would most probably have a lower capture than areas that do offer them. Spa tourism is part of wellness tourism in which the experience is associated with activities that involve health improvement through hydrotherapy or balneotherapy. The International SPA Association defines spa as a place devoted to overall well being through a variety of professional services that encourage the renewal of mind, body, and spirit. TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The Industrial Revolution brought about major changes in the scale and type of tourism development. Social changes made travel desirable as a recreational activity. Increase in productivity, regular employment, and growing urbanization gave more people the motivation and opportunity to go on a holiday. The middle class combined higher incomes and growing education into annual holidays. MODERN Tourism in the 19th Century The railway provided reliable Tourism in the 20th Century Early post-war prosperity, TOURISM and cheap transportation and competition since and large-scale migration, boosted the demand for various private companies international travel. invested heavily in hotels, resorts, and entertainment New forms of mass facilities. communication stimulated curiosity about Steam power provided other countries, with the increased mobility and influence of posters and reliable and inexpensive the press, the cinema, transportation that led to the radio, and television popular day-trip cruises and widened knowledge and the growth of coastal resorts interest in travel. near large industrial towns. Origins of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines Tourism and hospitality in the Philippines began when the original inhabitants of the country roamed around in search of food. Steamships and airlines began to service the Philippines from other countries; thus, giving impetus to tourism and hospitality in 1947. The Philippines had undergone economic, social, and political crises starting in the 1960s up to the '70s, which hindered the development and promotion of tourism and hospitality. Tourism and hospitality in the Philippines at present is the result of the continuous development and promotion of tourism and hospitality from 1950 to the present. HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Ancient Period (The Sumerians) Produced such abundant harvests by selling surplus grain to people in other parts of the region; Invented money and writing as a means to record and settle their business transactions; Converted grains to alcoholic beverages or beers which became the most common consumed beverages in Sumerian society. HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The Greek Empire Their land and sea travels made them dominant in the Mediterranean region; forms of overnight accommodation became a necessity; Many inns and taverns, restaurants in ancient Greece were often respected and served foods; In 146 BC, after many years of conflict, Greece became a Roman protectorate and the Roman efforts at territorial expansion continued. Caravans stopped at Khans, a combination of stables, sleeping accommodations, and fortresses which provided shelter from sandstorms and enemies who attacked caravans. HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Medieval Period (Dark Ages) After the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, innkeeping disappeared; Monasteries of the Church were self-sufficient enterprises; Providing hospitality services to travelers became a burden to the religious houses. The Church found it difficult to accommodate many travelers in a limited space. The Church continued to provide hospitality to the poor since Christian charity was an important element in the Church's mission Gradually, some taverns, inns, and wine shops began to give accommodations to middle-class travelers. Thus, the number of inns increased although the standards of comfort and cleanliness differed greatly in different countries and regions. EARLY MODERN PERIOD: 1600AD – 1800AD In the 16th century, taverns called an ordinary served a fixed price, fixed menu meal in England. The advent of stagecoach travel revolutionized hospitality on the road followed by stagecoach or coaching inns. At coaching inns, tired horses were exchanged with fresh horses and stagecoach passengers were fed and given the opportunity to rest overnight. Travel was difficult because the roads were full of potholes and normally soaked in mud. There was an increase in the quality of inns, the application of English common law to the hospitality industry; In France, the reintroduction of restaurants for public dining was seen. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry There are several outstanding individuals who have made a significant contribution to the growth and development of the tourism and hospitality industry. Cesar Ritz Cesar Ritz became the general manager of the Savoy Hotel in London, one of the most famous and luxurious hotels in the world. He made the hotel a cultural center for high society. The Ritz name is synonymous with refined, elegant hotels and service. At present, the Ritz-Carlton hotels bear his name. INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL PATTERNS Major travel flows occur between the United States and Western Europe. Secondary regional patterns exist between South America, the Caribbean, Africa, the Near East, and the Far East. Travel to Africa is usually one way, originating in Europe. The heaviest flow of air traffic into Europe is between New York and London; Europe generates about one-half of overseas travelers to the US. Travel between European countries-intracontinental travel- has been very popular. This is one of the reasons for Europe's large share of the worldwide travel market. Factors that Favor the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality Rising disposable income for large sections The growth of cities of the population Growth in the number of retired persons Simplification of travel through the with the desire and the energy to travel package tour. Increase in discretionary time - shorter Growth of multinational business workweeks and longer vacations Greater mobility of the population Modern transportation technology Growth in the number of "singles." Shift in values Greater credit availability through credit cards and bank loans Advances in communication Higher educational levels Smaller families and changing roles -end- Unit 1 - Lesson 2:  UNIT OBJECTIVES Appreciate the Origin and development of Tourism  THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM Awareness of the past is Tourism has long been developed necessary to understand the since the Roman Empire and present, because everything in the understanding the early forms of present was determined by what tourism will help shape modern has already happened. tourism in various ways.  Early Beginning Period Tourism during the Roman Empire Middle Ages (5th - 14th Century) Dark Ages The Crusaders (A.D. 1096 - 1295) Travelling for Commerce and Trade with Asia Marco Polo The Origins and The Grand Tour Era Emerged in the reign of Elizabeth I Development Renaissance Era The Post-Renaissance Period of Tourism New Forms of Tourism during the Period of Industrial Revolution Tourism in the 20th Century Post World War II Tourism during the 1980’s and 1990’s Tourism in the Future Reasons for traveling during this era can be found from evidence such as: Greek epic - ODYSSEUS Indian epic - RAMAYANA EARLY From these 2 epics, we can say that the reasons of traveling BEGINNING during this period are as follows: - Participation in politics PERIOD - Commerce and trade - War - Adventure  Travel flourished during the Roman Empire era. TOURISM Excellent roads were constructed for encouraging trade and military DURING activities. THE Roman currency was widely- accepted. ROMAN EMPIRE Traveling grew continuously until the fall of Roman Empire in 500 A.D.  roads were not protected by the MIDDLE Roman military anymore AGES Traveling throughout the region (5TH-14TH) became difficult and dangerous. DARK This is the time where the earliest mass tourism was born in Europe AGES which is known as pilgrimage. PILGRIMAGE A journey or search of moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith, although sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey into someone's own beliefs  The Crusades - What were the Crusades? a series of Holy Wars between Christians and Sacaren (Moslem) The Crusaders came from the old French word 'crois' meaning ‘taking the cross‘ The Crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the (A.D. 1096 - Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of rescuing the holy places 1295) of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291. Christians also called Jerusalem as the “City of God" Dome of the Rock was built on the rock where Muhammad was said to have sat and prayed & one of the world's most beautiful and enduring architectural treasures  He was a trader and explorer from the venetian republic TRAVELLING FOR He was one of the first Westeners to COMMERCE travel the Silk Road to China and visit Kublai Khan AND TRADE WITH ASIA MARCO His worldwide travel is recorded in his book “The Million” or The Travels of POLO Marco Polo He had been in China for 17 years before he came back to Venice  MARCO POLO Considerable exposure Kublai Khan made him of China’s culture to governor for 3 years of the European continent the large city of resulted Yangzhou Kublai entrusts Marco with his last duty, to escort Princess Koekecin to Persia.  English aristocratic young men were encouraged to travel to finish their education THE GRAND It took generally three years TOUR ERA EMERGED Main reason for travelling is education IN THE It involved a long stay in France, especially REIGN OF in Paris and a year for visiting Genoa, Milan, Florence, Rome, and Venice in Italy ELIZABETH I After studies in Italy, they traveled to Germany, Switzerland and low countries.  Rennaissance is a french word meaning "New Birth" RENAISSANCE It was the Revival of Learning, an ERA awakening of mind and thirst after the new knowledge Renaissance Period where medical tourism flourished. A village known as Ville d'Eaux or Town of Waters became famous throughout Europe in 1326 when iron-rich hot springs were discovered within the region.  Prominent visitors like Peter the Great and Victor Hugo visited these wellness resorts. RENAISSANCE The word “spa”, derived from the ERA Roman term “salude per aqua” or health through waters. During the 16th century, the rich and the elite of Europe rediscovered Roman baths and flocked to tourist towns with spas It became the center of fashionable wellness and became a playground for the rich and famous. History of Medical Tourism (The Post - Renaissance Period) Bath became the first city in England to receive a covered sewage system and was ahead Aristocrats from of London for several years. The The discovery of the New around Europe city also received technological, World brought new continued to swarm to financial, and social benefits. destinations for Bath for healing and Roads were paved, streets had European medical lights, hotels, and restaurants travelers. therapeutic cleansing. were beautified – all because of Medical Tourism. History of Medical Tourism (The Post - Renaissance Period) Europeans and English and Dutch Americans continued to colonists started building travel to remote areas log cabins near mineral with spas and health springs rich with retreats hoping to cure medicinal properties. various ailments like tuberculosis  NEW FORMS OF TOURISM DURING THE PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The industrial revolution was a This was the result of technological fundamental economic change which progress in different fields coming started in England together England changed from mostly agricultural to mostly industrial Only the upper-class people were able to Its center is the development of factories travel by horses and carriages  The emergence of the working class with income Changes that affected The desire to escape from the tourism development city to the countryside during the Industrial Revolution The invention of steam transport (train and ships) made travelling more convenient An increase in leisure time  Developing of Package Tour Thomas Cook is the world’s best-known name in travel began his international travel company in 1841 was the first to offer excursions and holidays for groups, which included transport, accommodation, and food tickets, thus making costs cheaper.  Social changes affecting the growth of tourism among industrialized countries War experienced widened perspective POST WORLD Stimulated desire to travel Increased leisure time and income WAR II - Growth in car ownership THE GROWTH Spread of five-day week – the weekend Growth in civil aviation OF TOURISM Post-war aircraft and aircrew available ACTIVITIES New Boeing jets – much larger, greater capacity Growth of chartered flights – cheap packages Increased car ownership – cross channel ferries  Mass Tourism in Europe Began with the growth of air travel Charter flights were available and tour FURTHER operators began to use them for European GROWTH IN destinations, such as Paris and Ostend TOURISM Vladimir Raitz pioneered modern package tourism on May 20, 1950 ACTIVITY It was with cheap air travel in combination with the package tour that caused international mass tourism to developed  Move towards more flexible holiday formats Villas, timeshares, self-catering Move away from mass package holidays Move towards more tailor-made holidays TOURISM Specialized areas Personalized packages DURING THE Technological improvements in aircraft 1980’S AND Wider bodied, (jumbo jets) greater fuel capacity, 1990’S fewer stopovers Long-haul destinations for mass package holidays Eco-tourism – environmentally aware tourism Growth in cultural and activity tourism Growth in short break tourism  Holidays with Pay Act Regulated week’s holiday TOURISM at seaside hotels and boarding houses IN THE 20TH Set meals and times CENTURY Development of holiday camps Development of countryside holidays  More people tend to travel due to: Emerging new forms of tourism Development of new destinations Greater market segments TOURISM IN THE Ability to travel has increased FUTURE Mobility has increased Motivation for travelling has increased Substantial media exposure  Define Tourist UNIT Classify Different OBJECTI VES Types of Tourist Classify Types of Tourism What is a Tourist? A tourist is a visitor who spends at least one night in the country visited but less than one year. A person engaged in tourism: travel for recreational, medical, leisure, or business purposes.  BUSINESS TOURISTS Tourist traveling with relation to business is known as a businesstourist. Most of the cities feature conference centers that cater to the needs of businesstourists. A proper example of a business tourist is a salesman, who makes trips to different places to attend trade shows, to display and promote his own products also.  INCENTIVE TOURISTS Incentives tourists are those few lucky individuals, who get a holiday packageas a reward from his company, for good work or achieving targets, set by the company. Incentive tourists draw inspiration from such tours to work harder, improve work relations and focus on team bonding.  RELIGIOUS TOURISTS Religious tourists are the individuals who travel to sites of religious significance. The World is dotted with a number of religious locations like Hajj in Mecca, Jerusalem in Israel, Varanasiin India, and the Vatican in Rome.  CULTURAL TOURISTS Thesetypes of tourists travel to experience the essenceof assorted cultures. Cultural tourists also prefer to witness the World Heritage Sites of the traveled country. Tourists may visit different landmarks of a particular country or they may simply opt to focus on just one area. They may also attend festivals and ceremonies in order to gain a better understanding of the people, their beliefs, and their practices.  ADVENTURE TOURISTS Adventure tourists look for some unusual or bizarre experience. They seek adventurous activities that may be dangerous, such as rock climbing, river rafting, skydiving, shark cave diving, and bungeejumping.  HEALTH OR MEDICAL TOURISTS The main focus of health or medical tourists is improving one’s health, physical appearance or fitness, which is only possible away from home. Someof these tourists avail medical assistancein other countries, for they may be expensive in their own country. Many health or medical tourists also make trips simply to stay for few days in healthier climate.  SPORT AND RECREATION TOURI STS This type of tourist travels to either participate in recreational sports or just watch sports events. As long as a sport (soccer, baseball, golf, football, cricket, competitive knitting, etc.) is the primary reason for one’s travels, it can be considered sports tourism.  LEISURE TOURISTS To these people, travel is about fun and excitement, about rest and relaxation, and about whatever they want it to be about. These tourists want to rejuvenate and revitalize with comfort while enjoying a break from the mundane routine of life. Leisure travel is often characterized by staying in nice hotels or resorts, relaxing on beaches or in a room, or going on guided tours and experiencinglocal tourist attractions.  CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM D O M E S T I C T O URI S M The tourism of resident visitors within the economic territory of the country of reference. I N T E RN AT I O N AL T O URI S M Defined as the sum of domestic activities that directly support the consumption of goods and services of foreign tourists in the country. INBOUND TOURISM OUTBOUND TOURISM the tourism of non-residentvisitors the tourism of resident visitors within the economicterritory of the outsidethe economicterritory of the countryof reference. countryof reference.  T RAVE L E XC URS I O N I S T S The act of moving outside one' s home community Personstravelling in a period of less than for business or pleasure. 24 hours VI S I T O R F O RE I G N T O URI S T Any person visiting a country other than that in which he has his usual place of residence. It is the Any person visiting a country, other than that in combined concept of excursionist and tourist. which he/ she usually resides , for at least 24 hours.  Hotels and similar Second home ownership Restaurant and similar Railway passenger transport services ACTIVITIES Water passenger transport services RELEVANT TO Air passenger transport services Cultural services TOURI SM Transport supporting services Transport equipment rental Travel agencies and similar Sporting and other recreational services  LESSON 2 GEOGRAPHICALELEMENTS  "Leiper ' s TOURISM SYSTEM" "On e of t h e le a d in g m od e ls of t ouris m a t t ra ct ion s ys t e m s w a s cre a t e d b y Ne il Le ip e r in 1 9 9 0 " DEPARTINGTRAVELERS TRAVELLER TRANSIT TOURIST GENERATING ROUTE DESTINATION REGION REGION REGION RETURNINGTRAVELERS  TRAVELLERGENERATINGREGIONS(TGR) Th e p la ce s w h e re t rip s b e g in , w h e re p e op le w h o w ill la t e r b e d e s crib e d or coun t e d a s t ouris t s s t a rt t h e ir journ e y. It e xe m p lifie s t h e a re a b ree d in g m a rke t s for t ouris m a n d p ra ct ica lly a ct s a s t h e ‘p us h ’ force t o m ot iva t e a n d s t im ula t e.  THREEMAINFACTORSOFTGR TIME AFFLUENCE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT  TRANSITROUTES TR is a n inte rm e d ia te zone w here the principa l tra vel a ctivity of touris m occurs , dis tinct from vis it a ctivity in des tina tions. It typifies not only the in-betw e en pla ces w hich m a y be vis ite d en route but a ls o the s hort period of tra vel to g et to the des tina tion.  TWOENVIRONMENTSRELEVANTTO CONSIDERTRANSITROUTES SECURITY HEALTH  FACTORSTOCONSIDERINTRANSITROUTES TRAVEL TIME FARES AND OTHER AVAILABILITYOF A CARRIER TRAVEL COSTS AND OTHER TRANSPORT  FACTORSTOCONSIDERINTRANSITROUTES CAP ACITY FREQUENCY OF CHANGES IN SERVICES ON P UBLIC TRANSIT CARRIERS  FACTORSTOCONSIDERINTRANSITROUTES Dis com fort Attra ctions a round the w a y Re lia b ility Stop ove r P oints  TOURISTDESTINATIONREGIONS TDR a re p la ce s w he re a p e rs on choos e s to s ta y a w hile in order to experie nce s om e fea ture or cha ra cteris tic. It s ym bolizes the ‘s ha rp end of touris m ’ a nd is , inde ed, the ra is on d’ etre for touris m. The p ull force of the d es tina tions a ctiva tes the w hole touris m s ys tem bes id e s beg etting dem a nd for tra vel in the tra veler g enera ting reg ion.  Example: Marasigan family from Pampanga, now residing in Cavite, will go to Enchanted Kingdom via SLEX to celebrate the birthday of the youngest child. Which is TGR? Which is TDR? Which is part of the TR? FEATURES AND CONDITIONS ON HOW TDRS BECOME POPULAR SUCH AS: PUSH&PULLFACTORS P u s h Fa ct o rs P u ll Fa ct o rs factors w hich encoura g e thos e a ttribute s of diffe re nt individua ls to m ove a w a y pla ce w hich a ttra ct or ‘pull’ from the ir hom e s e tting the m tow a rd s it.it ca n be throug h touris m. It m a y be a e ithe r na tura l or ma n-m a de de s ire to e xpe rie nce w e a the r, a ttra ctions. e xtra m one y, the prom is e of e ncounte r/fun, a de s ire to s ee a ne w culture e tc. TOURI S M S ECTORS LESSON 3 1. ACCOMMODATI ON Accommodations is defined as lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travelers in hotels or on cruise ships. 2. FOOD AND BEVERAGE Covers major chains, industry trends, regulatory news and just about anything else pertaining to foodservice operations 3. TRANSPORTATI ON Transportation has been an integral part of the tourism industry. Transportation links tourists with various tourist attraction.  CLASSI FI CATI ON OF TOURI ST TRANSPORT LAND TRANS P ORT WATER TRANS P ORT AI R TRANS P ORT 4. TOUR OPERATORS A wholesaler of packages tour program who put a tour package by negotiating rates directly with other principles like airline seats, hotels for rooms, surface transporters for transport facilitations, etc. and promotes that tour package under a single price. In addition, a tour operator is also the one who invests in printing brochures, poster and advertisements in newspaper and tourism magazines and getting the travel agent in various regions to sell the package as well. 5. TRAVELLI NG RETAI LERS/ TRAVEL AGENT A business which sell travel and hospitality products and related services to the ultimate customers (tourists or guests), as opposed to a wholesaler or producer which normally sell their products to a there business. The size of retailer business can be large business or smaller, non-chain and run independently as an independent travel agent. 6. TOURIST ATTRACTIONS A tourist attraction is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities.  CLASSI FI CATI ON OF TOURI ST ATTRACTI ONS NATURAL CULTURAL ARTI F I CI AL OR ATTRACTI ONS ATTRACTI ONS MAN- MADE ATTRACTI ONS  These are physical phenomena deemed unusual and/or beautiful. The importance of natural attractions depend on their attributes and NATURAL locations. ATTRACTI ONS  Culture (from the La tin cultura l s te mming from cole re , me a ning “to cultiva te ”) ge ne ra lly re fe rs to pa tte rns of huma n a ctivity a nd the s ymbolic s tructure s tha t give s uch a ctivitie s s ignifica nce a nd importa nce. Culture ca n be de fine d a s a ll the wa ys of life including a rts , be lie fs , a nd ins titutions of a popula tion tha t is pa s s e d CULTURAL down from ge ne ra tion to ge ne ra tion. ATTRACTI ONS  Encompasses the vast created works of humankind including places of human habitations:  Villa ge s  Towns a nd citie s  Buildings  S tructure s  Artworks  Docume nts  Ha ndicra fts  Mus ica l ins trume nts  Furniture TANGI BLE CULTURAL  Clothing HERI TAGE  HIS TORICAL FOUR S ITES SUB- GROUPS contains a s ingle or s e ve ra l his torica l fe a ture or buildings OF TANGI BLE MONUMENTS CULTURAL Fixe d a s s e ts tha t a re ide ntifia ble The y a re pa rticula r his toric, na tiona l, re giona l, HERI TAGE loca l, re ligious or s ymbolic s ignifica nce Us ua lly a cce s s ible by the public a nd vis itors Ofte n cha rge d for a dmis s ion to the monume nts or the ir vicinity. FOUR MUS EUMS SUB- GROUPS P e rma ne nt ins titution in the s e rvice of the s ocie ty OF Ope n to the public, which a cquire s , TANGI BLE cons e rve s , re s e a rche s , communica te s a nd e xhibits the ta ngible a nd inta ngible CULTURAL he rita ge of huma nity HERI TAGE For the purpos e of e duca tion, s tudy a nd e njoyme nt. FOUR ARTS & CRAFTS SUB- GROUPS OF A move me nt in a rchite cture a nd de cora tive a rts flouris hing in Engla nd TANGI BLE a nd the Unite d S ta te s Cha ra cte rize d by s implicity of de s ign, CULTURAL ha nd-cra fte d ma te ria ls. obje cts a nd loca l HERI TAGE  All forms of traditional, popular or folklore. The collective works originating in the given community and I NTANGI BLE base on tradition CULTURAL HERI TAGE  2 SUB- GROUPS OF I NTANGI BLE CULTURAL HERI TAGE A wa y of Li f e - t he s t yl e of l i vi ng t ha t r e f l e c t s t he a t t i t ude s a nd va l u e s of pe opl e i n a c ommuni t y The r e f l e c t i on of l i f e s t yl e c a n be s e e n i n ma ny a s pe c t s a s f ol l ows : Fa i r s a nd Fe s t i va l s Mus i c a nd Pe r f or mi ng Ar t s Ga s t r onomy Fair wa s origina lly a te mpora ry ma rke tpla ce s e t up with the ide a of s timula ting comme rce by cre a ting a n e ve nt tha t would bring toge the r buye rs a nd s e lle rs. FAI RS Festivals we re ga the rings de vote d to time s of ce le bra tion. FESTI VALS  Frequently offered in locations such as the concert halls developed For the purpose of showcasing the art form. Performing arts oriented activities includes:  The a tre or the a tre fe s tiva ls  Mus ic fe s tiva ls  Lite ra ry fe s tiva ls or e ve nts  Cla s s ica l mus ic conce rts  J a zz mus ic conce rt  Ope ra Mus ica l a ttra ctions MUSI C &  Ba lle t or othe r da nce PERFORMI NG ARTS GASTRONOMY art of s e le cting, pre pa ring, s e rving a nd e njoying food  2 SUB- GROUPS OF I NTANGI BLE CULTURAL HERI TAGE FOLKLORE Body of expressive culture. Including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs, customs and so forth Within a particular population comprising the traditions (including oral traditions) of that culture, subculture, or group  ARTI FI CI AL OR MAN- MADE ATTRACTI ONS Attractions ar e not Many, however , wer e cons t r uct ed n e c e s s a r i l y pur pos e - bui l t f or s peci f i cal l y t o s er ve t he needs of t o u r i s m; ma ny, s uc h a s a nc i e nt t he t our i s t s or at l eas t t o meet mo n u me n t or hi s t or i c t he r ecr eat i onal needs of l ocal s , b u i l di n g s , s e r ve d or c ont i nue and t hes e s i t es wi l l i ncl ude t o s e r v e , ot he r pur pos e s i n mus eums and ar t gal l er i es and o t h e r l i ve s. l ei s ur e par ks. 7. INFORMATION SERVICES Include national tourism boards, state/provincial tourism offices, and community convention and visitor bureaus around the world. promote “the long-term development and marketing of a destination, focusing on convention sales, tourism marketing and service” 8. MI CE MEETINGS I NDUSTRY ( MEETI NGS, A meeting is the coming together of a group of I NCENTI VES people to discuss or TRAVELS, exchange information. In some regions, meetings CONVENTI ONS may be seen as a small- scale conference by others. AND EXHI BI TI ONS 8. MI CE INCENTIVE TRAVELS I NDUSTRY ( MEETI NGS, Incentive travels include I NCENTI VES leisure trips emphasizing pleasure and excitement TRAVELS, and which may appear to have little or no connection CONVENTI ONS to business AND EXHI BI TI ONS 8. MI CE CONVENTIONS I NDUSTRY ( MEETI NGS, An event where the primary activity of the I NCENTI VES attendees is to attend educational sessions, TRAVELS, participate in meetings /discussions, socialize, or CONVENTI ONS attend other organized events. AND EXHI BI TI ONS 8. MI CE EXHIBITIONS I NDUSTRY ( MEETI NGS, Exhibitions can generally I NCENTI VES be portrayed ‘presentations of products as TRAVELS, and services to an invited audience with the object of CONVENTI ONS inducing a sale or informing the visitors’ AND EXHI BI TI ONS