The Formation of Germany PDF

**1871 - GERMANY DOES NOT EXIST** YOUNGER THAN CANADA - - **GERMANIC STATES** - **Two largest States were** Prussia - in the north Through the industrial revolution - advancing technology and systems during revolution allowed a quick rise to power and size Austria - in the south had b...

**1871 - GERMANY DOES NOT EXIST** YOUNGER THAN CANADA - - **GERMANIC STATES** - **Two largest States were** Prussia - in the north Through the industrial revolution - advancing technology and systems during revolution allowed a quick rise to power and size Austria - in the south had been around for centuries so gained power overtime **1815 - CONGRESS OF ZOLLVEREIN IS CREATED** LOOSE CUSTOMS UNION BETWEEN SOME OF GERMAN STATES **1848 - Attempts to unite Germany failed** **\*FORGING STATES\* - UNITING A COUNTRY THROUGH CONQUERING STATES** **Prussia** - **THREE NECESSARY STEPS TO BECOMING THE RULER OF GERMANY (looks impossible)** 1. \- Physically much larger than Prussia who is part of a larger part of the Austrian Hungarian Empire 2. \- A country that neighbors what would be Germany and does not want a unified Germany (a world power at the time). The British Royal family was German and had relations to Prussian Ruler (Last name was Saxcoughberg). Britain and France always on the brink of war. If Germany is united, this is the end of France **\*100 YEAR WAR (123 Years)\* - BRITAIN AND FRANCE FIGHT FOR OVER A CENTURY AND EVENTUALLY OVER THE WORLD FOR COLONIAL DOMINANCE** 3. - - - **Kaiser Wilhem 1 is dumb and incapable so he hires - COUNT OTTO VON BISMARCK** - NO INDICATION OF WANTING TO TAKE OVER KAISER WILHELM 1 SPOT **REALPOLITIK - BASICALLY MEANS GET WHAT YOU WANT BY ANY MEANS NECESSARY (do it by any means necessary)** **HOW? -** Germany will be unified **"not by speeches and majority decisions... but by blood and iron."** - **(IDEAS ARE IN MOTION BY 1865)** - **FIRST OBSTACLE - AUSTRIA** - **1863 - KING OF DENMARK DIES WITH NO HEIR** - **AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN WAR (1866)** - - - - **Bismarck\'s Strategy part 1 (1863)** Bismarck sees the instability growing, (has to conquer Austria without making it seem like a unification) so he invites an alliance with Austria to go to war in Denmark - - - - **Bismarck\'s Strategy part 2 (1865)** - - - **WAR STARTS IN 1866** **THIS WAR IS NOT SEEN AS A WAR OF UNIFICATION** - - **Bismarck Strategy part 3** - - **War Technology** - - **The "Seven Weeks War"** Bismarck wins quickly and efficiently and defeats Austria **Rewards** - - - **Sadowa Final Battle** - **Kaiser Wilhem 1 is upset with Bismarck** **to the point of almost firing him** Prussia is also upset with gaining no land so they attempt to assassinate Bismarck in 1867 **France Treaty** - - - **RELIGION** - - - **FINAL PLAN** All Bismarck has to do is start a war with France, because France geographically has to invade in the South, evidently causing the Southern German States to unite with the Northern German states, ultimately unifying Germany. **1871 Austria Hungary will not be a problem (its crumbling)** - Don\'t speak the same language, eat the same food, practice the same religion - - - **FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR (July 1870 - Jan. 1871)** **Royal Families - THEY ARE ALL RELATED** **Britain -** Windsors **France -** Bourbon **Turkey -** Ottoman **Germany -** Hohenzollern **Austria -** Hapsburg **Russia -** Romanov **1870 - Queen Isabella of Spain dethroned (women not allowed to be rulers in Spain).** **Few wanted the throne (**Unstable) a burden not a "boom" (Has islamic roots in architecture, food, culture, etc. Wasn't until the Spanish Inquisition did Spain become "European" Spain has relinquished all of its colonies in the Americas) **Basically weak** - - - **Bismarck** receives the telegram regarding the meeting in Ems and falsifies the records to anger both parties - - **FRANCE DECLARES WAR (July 19, 1870)** **Bismarck thinks he will win because:** - - Leopold does not get the throne **POST NAPOLEON (1815) - background information of France** - - **Crimean Collision (1854)**, **War of Liberation in Italy (1859)**, **War in Mexico (1862-1866)**, **Vietnam and Cambodia (1862-1863)** - - - **FRANCE IS NOT PREPARES FOR WAR; GERMANY IS** **European Alliances** Bismarck made sure that France had no allies. They were politically isolated **WARTIME** The French were defeated from the beginning. THe main French army was ultimately encircled at **Metz**. Napoleon III marched an army ro save the day. It was encircled at **Sedan** - **Napoleon III is forced to sign a formal surrender of France (80,000 men surrender)** **The People of Paris invade the Assembly and declare the "Empire" at an end. Bismarck demands Alsace. France refuse. The siege of Paris Begins** **SIEGE OF PARIS** - **Gambetta** A French nationalist that does not want to give up Alsace and Lorraines and raises and army to attack the Germans and loses. He falls back, creates a second army to attack Germany from behind and loses again. He falls back, creates a third army to break open Paris and fails. **- France pleads for help from other countries as a last attempt but is rejected** **October 1870,** The Fortress at Metz surrenders - **After four months of siege, Paris surrenders January 28, 1871 (armistice signed)** **BISMARCK IS UPSET** After the French rebel and are defeated yet again, Bismarck asks for more **The Treaty** - **GERMANY IS CREATED - 1871** **FRENCH EMPIRE (extend from 1919 to 1939)** - - - - - They just can't compete with large superpowers like England, Germany, and the US anymore **WHAT\'S WITH GERMANY NOW? 1871** The Second Reich had two houses of parliament BUNDESRAT - upper house. REICHSTAG - Lower house. - - **Threats to Germany** 1. **Organized the "Kulturkampf".** (Struggle for Civilization). This was what Bismarck called his idea of prosecuting the Catholics in Germany. - - - - **BISMARCK RECOGNIZES HIS MISTAKE** and cancels Kulturkampf which evidently saved germany from tearing apart 2. **Communist Manifesto 1848 -** German political idealist Karl Marx's novel, which agrees with German industrialization, but disagrees with how Germany was industrializing. Talks about a violent worker revolution to destroy aristocracy - **Marx agrees with this**, but suggests that industrialization still has aristocracy **Marx** suggests taxation which will lead to fair democracy **Bismarck brings in insurance and workers rights to combat a communist revolution against the aristocracy** - **1888 WILHELM II TAKES OVER** RASH, IMMATURE, LACKS MENTORSHIP. YET HE ASCENDS THE MOST POWERFUL THRONE IN EUROPE - - - Wilhelm II scraps Bismarck\'s foreign policy and introduces "**WELTPOLITIK"** - - - **BRITAIN IN 1900** - - - - - **Boer War 1899-1902** A GUERILLA WAR FOUGHT IN SOUTH AFRICA BY THE BRITISH AND DUTCH EMPIRE OVER GOLD - **RUSSIA IN 1900** - - - - - - - - **THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN 1900** - - - - - - - - - **Russia is Sneaky** - Russia will support the slavic states independence because they need warm water ports in mediterranean (St Petersburg is insanely cold) **THINGS COMING INTO THE 20TH CENTURY** - - - - -