Classification of Theories in Nursing PDF

29/08/2024 THE DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCORDING TO...

29/08/2024 THE DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION 1. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCORDING TO THEORIES USABILITY 1 2 Descriptive theories Explanatory theories A descriptive theory simply describes “what An explanatory theory attempts to explain is." “how” and "why" a given phenomena It identifies and describes the major occurs and may deal with cause and effect concepts of a phenomena but does not explain how and why the concepts are It is more complex than a descriptive related theory as it relates concept to one another It is generated and tested by descriptive They’re developed by correlational research research techniques including concept (studies relationship between 2 variables) analysis, case studies, phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory 3 4  29/08/2024 Predictive theories Prescriptive theories A predictive theory seeks to predict what Suggest activities necessary to reach defined would occur under a given circumstance. goals. It takes multiple factors into account and It address nursing therapeutics and are able to describe future outcomes consequences of interventions consistently They include propositions that call for Experimental research is used to generate change and predict outcomes or effects of and test them nursing interventions 5 6 1. METATHEORY-theories which focuses on broad issues such as theory development. It refers to a theory about theory. It provides philosophy for nursing profession. It is most abstract, most global and a “worldview” (Hickman, 2002). 2. CLASSIFICATION OF THEORY BASED Example: Nightingale and Henderson’s work ON SCOPE 7 8  29/08/2024 2. GRAND THEORIES-also called macrotheory. It is 3. MIDDLE RANGE THEORIES-more specific, ideas complex and is usually applied to a general area of are more concrete rather than abstract, has limited a discipline. Concepts are relatively abstract. They number of concepts. Propositions are clear and are generally difficult to apply for daily practice and testable hypotheses can be derived. are difficult to test. Covered concepts such as : pain, sx management, Early grand theories: focused NPR and role of the cultural issues and health promotion nurse Later grand theories: holistic perspective, Example: Pender and Kolcaba’s work interpersonal relations, social systems and health Recent grand theories: addressed phenomenological aspects in nursing such as “caring” and transcultural nursing issues Example: Roy and Neuman’s work 9 10 4. MICRO THEORIES-also called practice theories. Scope is narrow, least abstract 5. INCOMPLETE OR PARTIAL THEORIES- concepts, tends to be prescriptive, and theories at the development stage. Some usually limited to specific populations or concepts have been identified but the theory fields of practice. Cover particular elements is not complete. of a specialty such as OR nursing or they may also relate to another aspect of nursing such as nursing administration or nursing education. Example: Letty Kuan’s theory They may also describe specific elements in nursing care such as cancer pain relief, or specific experience like dying Example: Beck’s PPD Theory 11 12  29/08/2024 METATHEORY CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIFIC NURSING 1. Nightingale THEORIES 2. Henderson 3. Abdellah BY 4. Wiedenbach ALLIGOOD AND TOMEY 5. Hall 6. Watson 7. Benner 13 14 MIDDLE RANGE GRAND THEORY THEORY 1. Orem 1. Peplau 2. Levine 2. Orlando 3. Rogers 3. Travelbee 4. Johnson 4. Kolcaba 5. Roy 5. Erikson, Tomlin and Swain 6. Neuman 6. Mercer 7. King 7. Leininger 8. Mischel 8. Roper, Logan and Tierney 9. Pender 15 16  29/08/2024 MICRO THEORY PARTIAL THEORY 1. Beck 1. Agravante 2. Divinagracia 3. Letty Kuan 4. Abaquin 5. Laurente 17 18