Test #4 Study Guide PDF

Test # 4 Study Guide Your cell phone needs to vanish and all communication between students needs to stop before everyone begins receiving the test questions and answer sheets from Astrid, Erica, and me Your cell phone needs to remain invisible until you’ve left our classroom You...

Test # 4 Study Guide Your cell phone needs to vanish and all communication between students needs to stop before everyone begins receiving the test questions and answer sheets from Astrid, Erica, and me Your cell phone needs to remain invisible until you’ve left our classroom You need to write your first and last name in the top right corner of this sheet of paper You need to use a pencil You need to complete the information section on the reverse side of your answer sheet. This includes thoroughly filling in the “bubbles”. You must write your name exactly as it appears on Canvas Don’t worry about the course’s section number: you can leave it blank When completing the information section, you must write out your student ID# and fill in the corresponding “bubbles”. If you haven’t memorized your ID#, you can use your ID card or the number written on a piece of paper in your pocket when you arrive at the table at the front of the room. Do not pull out your card or a sheet of paper during the test or while waiting in line to hand in your work Never select more than 1 single answer for any of the 40 questions. If more than one answer appears to you to be correct, choose the best answer Listen attentively to any announcements that one of the T.A.s or I might make during the test Bring both your copy of the test questions and your answer sheet to the front of the room and deposit them onto their respective piles on the table Orient your copy of the questions and your answer sheet so that the people behind the table can automatically read your name without having to flip or rotate the papers Before leaving, wait for whoever behind the table is helping you (one of the T.A.s or me) to confirm for you that everything looks good Upload your self-assessment responses to Canvas by 11:59 p.m. on December 10th. This applies to everyone, including makeup session attendants, unlike the previous exams The Trojan War o Question 1: Before resorting to violence, the Greeks made an attempt at peace with the Trojans. Who was involved in the failed embassy on both sides? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 3.28-9) Greek side: Menelaus and Odysseus on the Trojan side: Antenor and Paris o Question 2: Heroes did not always act heroically during the Trojan War and suffered some harsh consequences. After his daughter was taken as a war prize, what did Khryses do to the Greek army? (Book 1 of the Iliad, lines 11-19) He cursed them because they took his daughter. o Question 3: Akhilles had some issues controlling his anger. What does Athena prevent Akhilles from doing to a certain Greek leader? (Book 1 of the Iliad, lines 198-231) She prevents him from killing Agamemnon o Question 12: Desperate due to Akhilles’ refusal to help his fellow Greeks, what does Patroklos do to try and help the Greek side? (Book 16 of the Iliad, lines 135-141) He enters the battlefield wearing Achilles armor. o Questions 13 & 14: The greatest of the Trojans, Hektor, was accomplished in war but didn’t survive it. How does Hektor die? What does his father, Priam, do in response? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 4.8; Book 24 of the Iliad, lines 497-501) Hektor is killed by Achilles; Achilles mutilates his body; He convinces Achilles to give Hektor a proper burial. o Questions 16 & 17: Akhilles goes on a bit of a killing spree towards the end of the war. What Ethiopian king with divine parentage did he kill? Who ultimately killed him? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 5.3) He kills Memnon; Akhilles is killed by Paris with an arrow guided by Apollo. o Question 18: After recovering from his unpleasant injury, which Trojan hero does Philoktetes kill? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 5.8; but remember, this character is known by two names, so make sure to know the more common one) Paris Divine intervention o Question 4: Why does Zeus agree to intervene and punish the Greeks on behalf of Achilles? Who persuades him and how? (Book 1 of the Iliad, lines 410-427 & 521-562)  Thetis persuades him; Zeus owes her a favor because she was on Zeus side when everyone was trying to overthrow him. o Question 10: Homer portrays Aphrodite as a major deity involved in the war. What is Homer’s interpretation of Aphrodite’s lineage? (Book 5 of the Iliad, lines 401-404) He says she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione o Question 9: Aphrodite even had a favorite hero on the Trojan side because of the infamous beauty pageant. Who did she save him from? (Book 3 of the Iliad, lines 396- 411) She saved Paris from Menelaus o Question 11: After Hera tricks Zeus to help the Greeks, Zeus puts Poseidon back in his place. Despite technically being conceived most recently, what claim does Zeus have to power? (Book 15 of the Iliad, lines 181-184) He is the “eldest” in terms of power. Zeus is regarded as the King of the gods, making him the ultimate authority over all realms. o Question 14: While not during an active battle, who does Hermes help to cross the enemy lines? (Book 24 of the Iliad, lines 497-501) Priam, The king of Troy. He is trying to get his son Hector’s body. o Question 21: Back to the topic of heroes being the bad guys, what did a particular Greek hero do to upset the goddess, Athena? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 5.22) Diomedes wounds Athena during battle. o Question 29: The sexuality of women was highly policed in Ancient Greece, even the divine ones. Which goddesses (major and minor) have had to deal with an Olympian breaking them up with their mortal lover? Aphrodite and Ares was exposed by Helios, Demeter and Lasion was exposed by Zeus, Persephone and Adonis were exposed by Aphrodite Helen o Question 5: Which people does Helen identify during the teikhoskopia? How are they connected/related to her? (October 22, class slides and notes) Agamemnon: Related to Helen (brother in law), Ajax: related to Priam through mariage, Odyseus: Related to helen (Brother in Law) o Question 7: Who corroborates her identifications? Priam o Question 8: Which hero is Priam related to by marriage? Ajax  o Question 6: Make sure to review the details of Draupadi’s story. How does her kidnapping mirror what Priam asked Helen to do? (October 22, class slides and notes) Had two twin brothers, also captured on a chariot, had to identify figures related to her. o Question 15: Another source of disagreement amongst Greek traditions was how long Helen spent in Troy. What version did Homer use? (Book 24 of the Iliad, lines 819-820) 10 or 20 years o Questions 19 & 20: What is the North Indian ritual Ashvamedha? Which parts of it are similar to Helen’s interaction with the Trojan horse? Which parts differ? (November 7, class slides and notes) The horse is allowed to roam but at the end of the year, they sacrifice it; The horse represents something much larger than it seems in both situations and also represents power. Differences: Helens horse was a military strategy. Agamemnon and his family o Questions 22, 25, & 26: Mythological families are rarely healthy, but Agamemnon’s household is uniquely dysfunctional. Make sure to know who his wife, children, and cousin are, as well as who killed who. It gets messy. (Epitome of Apollodorus, 6.23-6.25) Clytemnestra: wife, Iphigenia: daughter is sacrificed by Agamemnon. Electra: daughter, Orestes: Son-kills his mother. Aegisthus: Agamemnon’s cousin; Clytemnestra has an affair with Aegisthus. Agamemnon is murdered by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus, Orestes kills Clytemnestra and Aegisthus o Question 24: On the bright side, Agamemnon’s kids do have a close relationship. How was Orestes reunited with his sister? Who helped? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 6.26-7) Orestes is reunited with his sister, Electra with the help of Apollo o Question 27: Even after all the murder, Orestes is still recommended as a role model. Who makes this recommendation and to whom? (Book 1 of the Odyssey, lines 313-319) Athena makes this recommendation to Telemachus, the son of Odysseus Nostoi of other Greek heroes o Question 23: Not every hero got a happy ending. Where does Ajax of Lokris find his final resting place? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 6.6) His homeland, Lokria. He was struck by a bolt of lightning, Athena and Posidon were involved.  o Question 28: Which hero did Proteus, the slippery but knowledgeable god, assist in getting home? (Book 5 of the Odyssey, lines 474-617) Menelaus Penelope o Question 34: While Odysseus was taking his sweet time returning to Ithica, Penelope was fending off suitors trying to marry her. What are the details of the vision she has of the suitors’ fate? (Book 19 of the Odyssey, lines 585-604) She has a dream that her husband Odysseus killed all of the suitors, she also sees a flock of geese that are being killed by an eagle. This is clearly odysseus. Athena sends this vision. o Question 35: When she finally runs out of tricks to hold them off, how does she let the suitors compete for her hand in marriage? (Book 19 of the Odyssey, lines 625-639) She organizes a contest involving stringing Odysseus’s bow and shooting an arrow through 12 axeheads. Then Odysseys reveals himself and the suitors fall o Question 37: Penelope is praised by some authors for her eternal loyalty, but others have a different version. Who do they think her extramarital child was? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 7.38) Pan and his father was Hermes Odysseus o Question 30: Poseidon hated Odysseus for a plethora of reasons. Which son of his did he have a blinding encounter with? (Book 9 of the Odyssey, lines 207-533) Polyphemus, Odysseus blinds him after tricking him. o Questions 32 & 33: While their relationship started out contentious, Circe and Odysseus ended up being close. What did she do to his crew, and what (or who) ended up being the product of their relationship? (Book 10 of the Odyssey, lines 226-261; epitome of Apollodorus, 7.36) She turned them all into pigs. They had a son Telegonous or Telemachus o Question 31: Odysseus attracts women with a common hobby. What does Homer depict all three of his sexual partners doing? (November 19, class slides and notes) Weaving o Question 36: Coming back to haunt the narrative, what role does Neoptolemos play in Apollodorus’ version of Odysseus’ story? (Epitome of Apollodorus, 7.40) He is the key  Greek warrior in the final stages on the Trojan War. He is said to play a part in Odysseus daath. o Odysseus’ death indicates the end of the heroic age. What do each of the following authors have to say about how his death happened? o Aeschylus (Question 38): Not direct but could symboloizse the end of the old heroic world o Ptolemy Chennos (Question 39): Odysseus is killed by his son Telegonus, who accidentally kills him with a poisoned spear. o Servius (Question 40): Agrees with the version that Odysseus dies at the hands of his son, Telegonus, emphasizing the tragic and fateful nature of the event.