Gr12 Theory Term 1 PDF

**Types of computer systems for different uses:** **- Personal, SOHO, mobile and power users** **[Different types of computer systems ]** [Non-portable computers] o These types of computers are large in size and are not meant to be moved, they are generally more powerful. With non-portable comp...

**Types of computer systems for different uses:** **- Personal, SOHO, mobile and power users** **[Different types of computer systems ]** [Non-portable computers] o These types of computers are large in size and are not meant to be moved, they are generally more powerful. With non-portable computers we can distinguish between the following: Desktop computer / Personal computer Workstations (high-end desktop computers) Servers (category of computers designed to be part of a network.) [Portable computers] o Portable computers have all its devices connected in one. It takes up less space, it's easy to carry and it includes a battery. o Mobile devices o These type of devices are smaller than a portable computer and makes use of touch screen interfaces. They are also designed to use less power. **Personal user** ▪ Own personal use (SOHO (Small Office / Home Office) user) - Work with more than one device ▪ Power users - High range of hardware and software **Mobile users** ▪ Any user with a mobile device **Personal user** - A personal user is someone that makes use of a computer for its own personal use. a small document, reading emails and playing games. - SOHO users are people that either work from home or at an office where more than one device is connected or work with. These users make use of the basic application available for their needs. SOHO users are people that work from their homes for example Private Accountants and Private Lawyers. **Power users** - Power users are people that need a high range of hardware and software. Their computers are faster and more advance than a personal or SOHO user. These users are for example Engineers, Program developers and Architects. - Mobile users - A mobile user can be anyone who makes use of its mobile device for business, personal use or entertainment. **Disabled user** - The advances in modern technology have enabled people with disabilities to not only use computers, but to also use computers to make their daily lives easier. The type of computer and its requirements will depend - largely on the type of disability and the needs of the user. It is, therefore, important to research the issue before buying a computer for a disabled user. **[Activity]** Answer the following questions: a\. What are the different types of users? Give an example of a hardware component that is most important to each type of user. b\. What does the acronym SOHO stand for? c\. Which type of user uses the most processing power? d\. What is the difference between a SOHO user and a home user? 5\. The following specifications appeared in an advertisement for a notebook computer. Study the specifications and answer the questions that follow.  a\. Would this computer be suitable for a power user, such as a video-editing professional? Substantiate your answer by giving two reasons to support your answer. b\. Give two reasons as to why a notebook computer would be more suitable than a desktop computer for learners in a school. **Role and use of data, information, knowledge, conclusion/decision as part of information management** o Data is a collection of raw facts that have not been used in any form. o Information is when the raw facts have been organised and is used. o Knowledge is the way in which we make use of the information that has been organised. All three of the above are used in the way in which information management is structured.    **[ACTIVITY]** 1\. Write down the correct answer for each of the following questions. a\. Which one of the following is a technology that is commonly used to connect a variety of different devices to a computer? A. OMR B. LCD C. USB D. SSD b\. Which hardware device can create electronic copies of documents by capturing an image? A. Printer B. Scanner C. Stylus D. Monitor c\. A(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is NOT an example of optical storage. A. CD B. DVD C. HDD D. Blu-ray disk d\. While editing videos on a mobile device, most of the battery life will be used by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Microphone B. CPU C. Screen D. Speaker 2\. Choose a term or concept from Column B that matches the description in Column A. Write only the letter next to the question number.  +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Hardware devices to assist the disabled** | | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | +=======================================================================+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Visually impaired / Blind] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Braille keyboard and Braille 'display' | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Software such as speech recognition and screen narrator / text to | | speech | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Magnification devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Large-key keyboards | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Braille printers (as in picture) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Hearing impaired / Deaf] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | On screen notices / flashing screen instead of sound | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Vibration devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Motor control ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Eye tracking devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Head movement devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Large key (outsize) keyboards | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Large trackballs (such as shown in the picture) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Joysticks | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Foot pedal control devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Sip and puff devices (you suck/blow into a straw in different ways | | to control things) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Input devices** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Allows the ICT device to receive data and instructions. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | First step in any information processing system. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ** ** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -------------- | | **Keyboard** | | -------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Typing in text | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Giving commands, e.g. F1 key for help, CTRL, ALT,DEL to log on. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ** ** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Fastest way to enter text | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Easy to learn and use | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ** ** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Not designed to be used with a GUI interface | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Takes up space | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Can be difficult to use for some people (e.g. disbled) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Skills required | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ** ** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Problem solving** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The keys are sticky: clean it with a damp cloth. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Wireless keyboard not responding: check and change batteries. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Wired keyboard not responding: disconnect and re‑connect. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |  | | | | ----------- | | **Mouse** | | ----------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Interact with GUI (graphical user interface) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Click, double‑click, right‑click, scroll, drag | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Can be used whilst pressing a key on the keyboard | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Easy‑to‑learn | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Effective way to interact with GUI | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Best used with a fixed workplace and suitable surface area | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Better devices for drawing or other graphical actions available | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Problem solving** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Sticky mouse: remove dust or lint underneath and use a smooth, | | non‑reflective surface. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Wireless mouse not responding: batteries. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Wired mouse not responding: disconnect and re‑connect. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Touch screen** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Replacement for mouse | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Addition to mouse and keyboard | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Best interface for systems with limited options | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Functions as both a mouse and keyboard | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Natural input, such as gestures | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Natural interactions, such as swiping, pinching, expanding | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Easy to use, intuitive | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Increases space available for the display | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Increases usability of the device | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | On-screen keyboard harder to use than a physical keyboard | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Some touch screens need extra pressure to work | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The quality of the 'touch experience' depends on the OS being used | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | On-screen keyboards reduce screen display area | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Not easy to use for certain tasks | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ------------------------ | | **Multi-touch screen** | | ------------------------ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A multi-touch screen is a feature of a screen that allows it to | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | register more than one point being touched simultaneously. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | · A multi-touch screen offers more functionality without using menus. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | · Users need to learn the multi-touch gestures/motions. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | · Smaller screens have a limit as to how many physical touches are | | possible on a small screen. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Examples of the technology in practice** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | · Use two or more fingers to pinch and stretch to control the zooming | | on tablets. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | · Five fingers are used in a pinching gesture/motion to close apps on | | an iPad. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Touch pad** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |  | | | | ---------- | | **Uses** | | ---------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Replaces the mouse in devices such as laptops | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The user does not have to carry an extra device such as a mouse | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Same actions as mouse, without extra surface area or desk | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Not as accurate or precise as a mouse | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Difficult to use with drag and drop operations | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Difficult to use because of limited size of the touch pad | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[Scanners]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | an input device that scans images to a computer -- bar codes, | | photographs, documents, and | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3D objects | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[The quality of an image produced by a scanner is affected by two | | things:]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **1) Resolution** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | DPI (dots per inch) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The greater the DPI, the higher the number of pixels and the better | | the quality of the image | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | | The higher the DPI the larger the resulting image file will be | | ----------------------------------------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Software gives you option of specifying the resolution | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **2) Colour depth** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Number of different colours that can be represented by a pixel | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 24 bit colour (about 16.7 million different colours) is best quality | | colour depth available | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The higher the colour depth, the larger the resulting image file | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[Uses]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To capture images from paper | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To capture images of text and convert with OCR to editable text | | (Optical Character Recognition software that allows | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | text scanned in to be edited). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To read barcodes | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Converts documents into digital format for storage | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Converts image to editable text with OCR | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Converts old film photos into digital format | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Benefits environment as less paper and ink are used (Scans - | | e-mailed directly instead of having to be faxed) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Quality of image depends on quality of the original image | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Can be affected by dirt or fingerprints on the glass or dust on the | | sensor | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Works best with single pages | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Books can be difficult to scan | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Can take a lot of time | | | | Cannot scan 3D objects | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Scanner-specific advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Office Automation** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Large documents -- scanned and combined into a single digital file | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Digital copies saves office space | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Scanned copies can be e-mailed | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Older documents can be archived | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **POS and database** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Library and Point of Sale (POS) systems as they provide quick and | | accurate input | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Other uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Number plates of cars can be scanned and recorded quickly on roads | | using e‑toll | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Access control systems ranging from swipe cards to radio tags (RFID) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Problem solving** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Errors in image size or quality: check the settings on the scanning | | software. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Non‑responsive scanner: check if | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | it is switched on | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | it is plugged in | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | it is properly connected to the USB port | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | the lock switch is switched off. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Digital cameras** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Specifications of digital cameras** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Point-and-shoot vs. DSLR (digital single lens reflex) cameras | | ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Point-and-shoot is compact, does not allow the user to change lenses, | | designed for quick use. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------------------------ | | DSLR cameras used by professionals allows the user to change lenses | | and have more control over the settings | | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------------------------ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Resolution] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The number of horizontal and vertical pixels in the image | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Minimum of 300 dpi to get good images for | | printing | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 72 dpi suitable for on‑screen/web display | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ 3X Optical zoom vs. 5X Digital zoom] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Optical zoom uses the lens of the camera to get \"closer\" to the | | picture (e.g. 3 times closer) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Digital zoom is like using a magnifying glass in image editing | | software- as you get closer, the picture blurs. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Optical zoom produces better quality than digital zoom. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Image quality depends on:** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ISO Rating] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Refers to how sensitive the camera is to light (how well the camera | | takes a picture in low light without a flash). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **NB:** a camera with a high ISO rating, but a small sensor will not | | produce good quality photos. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Sensor size] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | A camera with a large sensor produces better images than a camera | | with a smaller sensor ( a 15megapixel DSLR | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | camera produces better quality pictures than a 15megapixel | | point-and-shoot camera) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Colour depth ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- the higher, the better (32 bits is currently the maximum). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To capture images | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To capture videos | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Alternative to scanners as barcode or QR code readers if the camera | | is integrated with a smartphone | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Photos in digital format | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Easy to use | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Not expensive to take many photographs | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | You can instantly view them | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Doubles up as good video camera | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Built into devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Photos are easy to share | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Photos are easy to lose along with the device | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The quality of photos depends on the quality of camera | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Webcam** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ------------------------------- | | Internet video communication | | ------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 'Live feeds' of events | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Remote control security cameras | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Cheap | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Small | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Often built into portable computers | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Allows for video calls where you can see the person you are talking | | to | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Very low resolution \-- doesn't create good images | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Needs to be connected to an ICT device to work | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Problem solving** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | If the webcam is unresponsive, check that it is | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | plugged in properly | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | switched on | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | selected as the current camera to be used by the software. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The webcam software can often be used to test if the webcam is | | functioning properly and to troubleshoot problems. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Microphone** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Recording sound | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Communicating | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Record dictation | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Give voice commands | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Adds the input of sound to a computer | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Uses software involving sound editing, analysis or manipulation | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Built-in microphones don't generally provide high quality sound | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | One needs to have the ICT device present to record sounds | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Difficult to use in noisy environments | | | | **VOICE RECOGNITION** | | | | Voice-recognition (or voice-activation) software enables the computer | | to take verbal commands given by the user, and translate and | | interpret them. | | | | ADVANTAGES L | | IMITATIONS | | ----------------------------------------------------------------- - | | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------------------- | | Can learn to recognise your own unique speech pattern S | | peech must be clear and distinct | | Works well for people with physical disabilities S | | ome versions might require training and setup | | Should catch most of the spelling and grammar mistakes B | | ackground noise can influence performance | | Can capture speech much faster than the average person can type A | | lterations to your voice, such as a cold, might cause problems when u | | sing the software | | Can be used for specialised voice commands P | | rograms do not understand the context of language the way humans do, | | which may lead to misinterpretation | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[Biometric input devices]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Refers to measuring unique biological features of a person. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | It involves using scanners of some sort to 'read' and recognise your | | fingerprint or iris or voice -- or any part of you | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | that is biologically unique -- for recognition purposes, e.g. retinal | | scan, fingerprint scan, voice recognition. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | It is used for such things such as access control in buildings and on | | electronic systems, mainly for security reasons | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | and is more secure than passwords | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages of biometric input** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- The main advantage is security. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Defeating biometric security is difficult and involves accessing | | part of the person that it is linked to -- you have to | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | copy their fingerprints or voice or iris (eye) pattern, etc. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Tied to a single person. Only the authorised person gets access. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Fingerprint scanners have become cheap enough and is commonly used | | in laptops, ultrabooks and flash drives. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages/limitations of biometric input** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Expensive to implement, maintain and use. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Needs additional equipment and software. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ------------------- | | **Input at ATMs** | | ------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Gets input from: ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Card reader slot | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |  Numeric keypad and menu choice buttons | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Modem / network connection | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Touchscreen | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Money counter | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Money deposit slot | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Advantages of ATMs] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Allows for banking transactions at any time of day or night. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- You are not limited to your own bank or even to use in your own | | country | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Disadvantages/limitations of ATMs] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- It can be dangerous to use an ATM, as you are vulnerable, | | obviously have cash and are prey to criminals. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- People can add card reader and camera so that they can capture | | your card details and PIN, and so steal your | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | money by hacking into your account. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[POS system - Point of sale (e.g. in a shop)]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Barcodes and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tags | | ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | both are use to automatically 'recognise' a product or item | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | barcodes need bar-code scanners to scan the barcode | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | RFID tags store data on the tag or card which can be detected | | wirelessly. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Achieve two main goals, namely:] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Faster processing at tills | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Better stock control | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[Barcodes and RFID tags - How does this work?]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | --- | |   | | --- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages of POS systems** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Much faster than typing in prices on a keyboard. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Prices can be updated and entered with greater accuracy. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Record exactly how many items are being sold and track how much | | stock they have left. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages/limitations of POS systems** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- When the system is offline it is difficult to function. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Expensive investment in equipment and software is required. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Touchscreens (as input devices)** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | --------------------------- | | Touchscreens are a combination of two devices, namely a LCD and a t | | hin 'touch sensing' film. | | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | --------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Pen tablet computers use a special high resolution pen (or stylus) | | that | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | communicates with the screen wirelessly (using radio). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |  | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages of Touchscreens** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Touch screens allows more screen space in a device (no space | | needed for keyboard). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- There is a type of 'intimacy' and 'immediacy' in directly touching | | the data or controlling components. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- It is intuitive to use -- very little training needed. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- It allows natural input such as drawing and gestures. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages of Touchscreens** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Typing on an on-screen keyboard is not as fast or easy as a real | | keyboard. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- A touchscreen can become dirty, oily and smudged. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- A touchscreen does not work well on a desktop device or in an | | office environment but is very good on portable, | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | handheld devices. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Data collection devices** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Examples: | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Meter readers to capture water consumption readings in households | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Monitor a patient's temperature, heart rate and blood pressure in a | | hospital | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Weather buoys which float in the ocean and collect data on weather | | conditions | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages of data collection devices** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Data is captured automatically using sensors, even in remote | | areas, without human intervention. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Data is captured more accurately than by using human input. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Data is captured faster than by using human input. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Disadvantages of data collection devices** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Sensors can fail without the problem being detected, resulting in | | incorrect data. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Only sensor detectable data can be collected. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Input into smartphones and consumer tablets** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Touchscreen | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- used as the main interface- touch or swipe, pinch, etc. as main | | method of input. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Hardware buttons | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- used to control volume , switch on or off, etc. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Camera / video camera | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- used to take photos and videos. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Apps can be used to scan barcodes, QR codes or even OCR. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Accelerometer | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- used to detect which way a device is being held- allows for | | orientation of the screen between portrait and landscape | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Microphone | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- used for the phone, voice memos and sound when recording videos. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- the iPhone has Siri software that acts as a voice assistant- you | | speak to it to make your appointments. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Protecting your information** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **The theft of hardware is not just about the cost of replacing the | | hardware.....** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Information that you do not have a copy of | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Information might be private or sensitive | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Information stored on portable devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Anti-theft strategies for hardware:] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Use devices such as cable locks | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Chain equipment to a fairly solid object | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Use lockable cabinets (with ventilation) in which to place the | | system units ('boxes') of a desktop computer or server. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Make use of motion sensors with an alarm which detect when a | | computer has been moved. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Protection against power failure** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Uninterruptible Power Supplies ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | connected to the mains | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | immediately provides power to the computer(s) connected to it as | | soon as the power goes out | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Power settings] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Portable computers and devices can be used without connecting them to | | a power outlet. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Run on battery power. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Desktops - we also need to save as much power as possible- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | by using power schemes,e.g. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- hibernate or sleep after 20 minutes of being unused | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - setting the brightness of the screen to reduce power consumption | | | | **RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INPUT DEVICES** | | | | These risks include the following: | | | | - **Keystroke logging:** This is a method used by hackers to record | | your keystrokes on the computer. The keystrokes can be used to | | identify personal information, such as bank details and | | passwords. Keystroke logging, also known as keylogging, is | | normally done with malicious software (malware) that is installed | | on your computer. | | | | - **Physical injury:** The extensive use of a keyboard, mouse, | | trackpad or touchpad might lead to physical injuries, such as | | carpal tunnel syndrome, or repetitive strain injury. | | | | - **Pathogen transmission:** If the input devices attached to a | | computer are used by a large number of people, it might play a | | role in the transmission of germs and other pathogens. | | | | - **Privacy issues:** If a webcam and microphone are connected to | | your computer, a hacker might be able to gain access to them. | | This will then allow the hacker to gain access to your private | | images and conversations. As with keyloggers, this is | | usuallybdone by malware that is installed on your computer. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[ACTIVITY]** | | | | 1\. Study the specifications of the laptop in the advertisement on | | the right and answer the questions that follow. | | | | 1.1 To which general software category does Office 365 belong? | | | | 1.2 What is the screen resolution AND the screen size? | | | | 1.3 How is the screen size measured? | | | | 1.4 Give TWO reasons why newer models of laptops do not have optical | | drives. | | | | 1.5 Give ONE possible reason why an SSD is specified instead | | | | of a hard drive for this computer. | | | | 1.6 Give TWO features of a USB port that make it such a | | | | popular choice to connect peripherals. | | | | 1.7 Name TWO specifications in the advertisement that would | | | | make it possible to set up biometric security on this laptop. | | | | 1.8 Name an essential specification that affects performance, | | | | which is NOT mentioned in this advertisement. | | | | 2.1 Give ONE reason why fiber is more reliable than ADSL. | | | | 2.2 Give TWO advantages of using RFID scanning technology | | | | over barcodes in a warehouse environment. | | | | 3.1 Explain the difference between RAM and hard drive when referring | | to their functions. | | | | 3.2 Your wired mouse suddenly stops working. Give TWO ways in which | | you can solve the problem. | | | | 3.3 Most laptops have an integrated webcam. What does the term | | integrated refer to? | | | | 3.4 Name TWO disadvantages of optical disks. | | | | 3.5 Hard drive solid state SSD (Solid State Drives) is becoming more | | and more popular. | | | | 3.5.1 What is the main advantage of an SSD? | | | | 3.5.2 Name TWO disadvantages of an SSD? | | | | 3.6 Name TWO specifications, besides printing in color, cost and | | warranty, which you will look at if you | | | | want to buy a printer. | | | | 3.7 Give TWO examples of specialized input or output devices that | | would help a visually impaired person. | | | | 4.1 Give ONE reason why fibre is more reliable than ADSL. | | | | 4.2 Give TWO advantages for using RFID scanning technology above | | barcodes in a warehouse environment. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | --- | |   | | --- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Output devices** | +=======================================================================+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [The purpose of output is to ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | provide the user with feedback in their interaction with the | | computing device they are using | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | provide the user with a more permanent or non-electronic copy of the | | results of processing | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | allow the transmission of data between computers / electronic | | devices | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Types of output** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Visual output] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Softcopy - on a screen | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | hard copy - printed onto paper | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Sound output ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | speakers or headphones | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Touch output ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | joysticks and controllers vibrate or resist the user | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mobile devices vibrate | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ Other output] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | not designed for humans, e.g 3G technology | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | electrical signals to control machines/equipment | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Output is how an ICT device shows the results of the processing that | | has taken place. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Monitor or display** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ** ** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |  | | | | --------------------- | | **Display devices** | | --------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Display device allow a computing device to present the user with a | | continuously | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | updated and changeable image. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | e.g. data projectors, monitors. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages of display devices** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Provide immediate feedback to the user about what the computer is | | doing. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- They allow for interaction between the user and the computer. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Display content is easily changed and quickly updated. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Text can be enlarged for the visually impaired or high contrast | | can be used. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -------------------------------------- | | **Disadvantages of display devices** | | -------------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Output is not permanent. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Output is difficult to share (unless it is a projector). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Can lead to eyestrain and headaches. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Work is not private (visible to any passer-by). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Expensive to replace. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Consumes electricity (battery power in portable devices). | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | \- Difficult to read in very bright light. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations of display devices** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Quality is related to size -- larger size is usually of better | | quality. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Size limits portability -- larger size is difficult to transport and | | uses more power. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **How are display devices used?** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Display options that allow the user to make choices / interact with | | the program and operating system. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Display the results of processing that has taken place. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **[Key specifications (determine the quality of | | monitors)]** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The **resolution** is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels | | that a screen can display, e.g. 1920 x 1440 | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Aspect ratio** is the relationship between the width and height of | | the screen | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | The **contrast ratio** is the difference between the darkest black | | and the whitest white that the display can produce | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Response time** (usually measured in milliseconds) is how quickly | | the monitor updates its pixels | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Problem solving** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Problem-] The colours are faded, too strong or muddy, or | | the image is too bright or too dim | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Solution-] Adjust the settings. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Problem-] The image is 'blocky' or stretched. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Solution-] The resolution settings are probably wrong. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ |   | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Problem-] There is no display. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [Solution-] is off/not switched on; the connection is not | | in properly, the computer is not /cable is not connected. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Speakers or headphones** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Uses** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Play sound | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Provide audible feedback to the user | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Provide extra notifications or alerts to people with visual | | disabilities | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Advantages** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Headphones -- listen to sounds without disturbing other people | | around you | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Speakers -- a group of people can hear sound | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Listen to voice messages or interact on Skype using speakers and | | headphones | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Headphones make it possible to use mobile devices on the go | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Limitations** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Sound quality depends on the quality of the peripheral | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | To play loud enough for a group you will need additional audio | | equipment, such as an external amplifier | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | [ ] | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **Problem solving** | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **If speak