Tech 2 Module 2: From Writings on the Wall PDF

2 FROM WRITINGS ON THE WALL TO SIGNALS TRAVELING IN THE AIRWAVES: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATIONS Learning Objectives At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. discuss the overview of communicat...

2 FROM WRITINGS ON THE WALL TO SIGNALS TRAVELING IN THE AIRWAVES: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATIONS Learning Objectives At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. discuss the overview of communications ; and 2. elaborate the rise of the media and the internet Time Frame 1 week Material/s Needed mobile learning device, LMS Content Content You are going to walk through of something great from how it started… In this module, you will learn the humble beginning of the roots of communication. It began as drawing on the walls, carvings on barks of trees, and later on, papyrus and parchment. This narrows down to man’s capacity and desire to interact, link up, and build connections with each other. Communal gatherings, ‘though today it is restricted or limited with the pandemic, were means by which they are reached out to each other as collective, and they express using song, dance, and prayer. From Papyrus to Paper  It was the Christians who invented the codex around AD 100.  A document which can be rightfully referred to as the prototype of the book.  Papyrus pages found one another, were bound together instead of rolled up, and made for easier reading because it only meant flipping the pages instead of unraveling a long papyrus.  By the 15th century, the technology was already paper. Source : pinoy-culture.com 1  The codex (plural codices (/ˈkɒdɪsiːz/) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper it was generally composed of sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term is now often used to describe ancient manuscript books, with handwritten contents. The word codex comes from the Latin word caudex, meaning "trunk of a tree", “block of wood” or “book”). The codex began to replace the scroll almost as soon as it was invented. Johann Gutenberg (1394-1460)  Invented the printing technology that would eventually be called the movable typing machine.  Moving letters came to be the distinguishing feature of his invention as different from the woodblock which could only be used to create one message at any point in time.  Gutenberg machine was a frame that could hold the type on one place, and then this type would be covered in ink, and paper would be placed on top, secured through a corkscrew device derived from the technology of making wine.  The Bible was one of the Gutenberg’s earliest and most famous creations. Doctrina Cristiana  First book printed in the Philippines  Treatise on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church written by Fray Juan Plasencia, an Augustinian priest. 2 Nation-States and the Rise of Newspaper  The Gutenberg printing press made it possible for newspapers to be produced.  The first newspaper was reportedly produced in England, but not earlier than the 17th century.  Ruling monarchs were apprehensive about newspapers and thus restricted its production.  The first newspapers were patronized by the merchants – interested on what was going on in various parts of the world.  In the late 1600, newspapers became a regular feature in the country  1700 – idea of free press, independent from control from government McQuail (1983, 20-21)  Newspaper is a more significant innovation than the book.  A new literary , social, and cultural form that catered to town-based businesses and professional people, a new class emerging in Western Europe Turow (2009, 300)  Rise of an adversarial press, defined as a press that had the ability to conduct dialogue and even argue with the government.  Sentiment from the ranks of the intellectuals in the British and American colonies.  Triggered by the imposition of taxes on paper by the British empire so it could generate the much-needed revenues to finance its wars during the 1760s and the 1770s. The Rise of Newspaper in the Philippines  It came about in the first decades of the 19th century.  December 1, 1846, La Esperenza, the first daily newspaper , was published in the country  Diario de Manila (1848) and Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852)  La Solidaridad was published in Spain in 1889 and was actively used to campaign for reforms for the Philippines  Ang Kalayaan - published by the Katipuneros on January 18, 1896, the official revolutionary newspapers of the Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan.  Today, it evolves to digital technologies. From Static to Moving Images  George Eastman invented the film and built a company that would be known as Kodak  But it was Thomas Edison and his assistant, William Dickson, turned the use of the photographic film, now in a strip  Louis and Augusto Lumiere, Frenchmen, developed the tech of film projectors  Edison would still improve on the tech developed by the Lumiere brothers with large screen projecting.  Edison vitascope in 1896, was a public debut in New York, where it showed a film Rough Sea at Dover by Robert Paul – audience was stunned with the images of waves crashing into the sea  Radio and TV followed very closely. 3   1907 – the world TV was already used in a magazine called the Scientific American  1982 – the first telecast of a TV program took place, transmitting from the experimental studio of General Electric in New York City.  1930 – The Radio Corp. of America introduced electronic scanning – much improved tech from the mechanical scanning  1939 – US President Franklin D. Roosevelt became the first president to appear on the tube  In Europe, the Nazis authorities in Germany operated the world’s first regular TV service, using it as a platform for propaganda  1946 – commercial TV came into being in the US  1953 – commercial TV was launched in 1953 in the Philippines  1946 – an American Engineerm James Lindbery, began an assembling transmitters in Bolinao, Pangasinan  Soon team up with Antonio Quirino – establish ABS (Alto Broadcasting System) – serve as the general manager  October 23, 1953 – first official telecast The Rise of New Media  Traditional media is synonymous with the seven (7) forms of media: o Books, newspapers, magazine, sound recording, radio, TV, and film  1950s – landscape of media and IT began to change  1948 – invention of the transistor radio, signaled the development of semi-conductor devices, considered the foundation of modern electronics, as it is led to the invention of IC – critical in the development of computer  1953 – IBM has shipped its first electronic computers called 701 in the industry – sold 19 machines to research labs, aircraft companies, and the federal government.  1969 – ARPANET was created and considered as the predecessor of the internet – was a large area- wide network created by the US military, specifically the US Defense Advanced Research Project (ARPA) to serve as a ground for networking tech that will link the military to various federal agencies, even the universities.  1971 – transition from ARPANET to internet Timeline of Internet in the Philippines  March 29, 1994 – free and open WWW was launched in the country  BBS – bulletin board system – computer system running a software that allows users to connect and exchange messages and information using a terminal program – was launched prior to that date (early 1986) – using a software that run on an IBM XT Clone PC with a modem that run on 1200 bpm. Subscription fees ran as high as Php 1000 per month.  1987 – inter-BBS connectivity was enabled through Philippine FidoNet exchange  Early years of 90s, email gateways and services broadened, provided for MNCs or multi-national companies  1993, government as major player through DOST  With support from the Industrial Research Foundation, the PhilNet project was launched as was composed of representatives from various universities : UP Diliman, UP Los Baños, DLSU, and ADMU  Team up with Dr. Rudy Villarica – represent the Industrial Research Foundation  July 1993 – full funding from the DOST – PhilNet was scaled up – students were able to connect to another gateway at the Victoria University of Australia.  November 1993 – additional grant of Php 12.5 M for the project 4  March 29, 1994 – the Philippines was formally connected to the net, using the PLDT network center in Makati City.  The First International E-mail Conference was held at the USC in Cebu.  Dr John Brule, a professor emeritus from Syracuse University announced “We’re in!” as the PhilNet connection successfully linked up with the global internet.  And that it was the start of something great… Reference/s Zarate, M. (2016). Media and Information Literacy. Rex Book Store, Inc. 5