Taxonomy Study Guide PDF

taxonomy study guide Created @July 7, 2024 7:02 PM Tags Taxonomy 1. List the taxonomic categories from either least specific or most specific. a. Dear(domain) Kelly(kingdom) Payton(phylum/division[in plants])...

taxonomy study guide Created @July 7, 2024 7:02 PM Tags Taxonomy 1. List the taxonomic categories from either least specific or most specific. a. Dear(domain) Kelly(kingdom) Payton(phylum/division[in plants]) Came(class) Over(order) For(family) Grape(genus) Salad(species) 2. Binomial nomenclature a. Language? i. latin b. How do we write it? i. capitalize the genus, lowercase the species, all in itallics c. What parts of taxonomy does it include? i. the genus and species 3. Label different kingdoms in taxonomy with basic information from chart. a. kingdoms are eubacteria, archaebacteria, plantae, animalia, protista, fungi taxonomy study guide 1  4. What are derived characteristics? a. a trait that has evolved in a particular lineage that is not present in the ancestral species b. where internodes are on cladograms c. common ancestor is where they connect 5. Be able to identify a common ancestor and which organisms are more closely related from cladogram a. okay! 6. Describe the different domains and which is more related to each other. a. eubacteria i. lonely ii. prokaryotic iii. single celled b. archaea i. most related to eukarya ii. single celled iii. prokaryotes iv. slightly different chemical makeup c. eukarya i. most related to archaea ii. eukaryotic iii. multi or single celled, also sometimes colonial Viruses 1. Be able to compare and contrast between a virus and a bacteria and support your answer. a. virus taxonomy study guide 2  i. a virus isn't living ii. they have to have a host iii. smaller than bacteria iv. DNA or RNA core, and hey can change it!! v. replication vi. attachment, penetration, replication, assembly, release 1. with a bacteriophage, we have the lytic or lysogenic phase a. lytic i. enter, and immediately start replicating and eventually make it LYSE!! or explode!! ii. a form of viral replication b. lysogenic i. enter, and stay dormant until they become a lytic vii. no means of locomotion, viii. they have a capsid, that hold their genetic info, ix. they have little prickly things that help them stick to stuff b. bacteria i. bacteria are living ii. they do not have to have a host iii. replicate by binary fission and budding iv. they have a cell wall (peptidoglycan), but no nucleus v. circular DNA vi. 3 shapes 1. coccus a. sphere 2. bacillus taxonomy study guide 3  a. rod 3. spirillum a. spiral 2. Compare and contrast lytic and lysogenic cycles. a. lytic i. enter, and immediately start replicating and eventually make it LYSE!! or explode!! ii. fast acting iii. makes host cell spread virus b. lysogenic i. enter, and stay dormant until they become a lytic ii. virus becomes part of genome 3. What is a bacteriophage? a. a virus that infects bacteria b. aids in transduction c. using them to cure diseases and cure bacterial infections Bacteria 1. Know and identify the shapes of bacteria. a. coccus i. sphere b. bacillus i. rod c. spirillum i. spiral 2. Be able to compare and contrast between a bacteria and a protist and support your answer. taxonomy study guide 4  a. bacteria i. prokaryotic ii. peptidoglycan wall iii. reproduces by binary fission, but also reproduces by budding sometimes iv. nitrogen fixation v. turning nitrogen into a form that plants can actually use vi. there’s anaerobic and aerobic vii. gene transfers in transduction, transformation, and conjugation b. protist i. eukaryotic ii. reproduce mainly by binary fission iii. they do have cell walls, most are cellulose, but diatoms are silica iv. classified by the way they move 3 types amoeba they move by pseudopods heterotroph paramecium they move by cilia they have a gullet, their digestive thing heterotrophic euglena they have by flagella more like plants autotrophs taxonomy study guide 5  3. Differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Why is this important medically? there are gram positive and gram negative bacteria positive thicker outer wall made of peptidoglycan stains purple/blue, more blue negative has TWO membranes, an outer one as well!! double phospholipid membrane that protects it from some antibiotics stains red or pink stains red 4. What is conjugation? a. when two bacteria love each other very much, they attach their pili to each other and share DNA with each other from their plasmids 5. What is the shape of nucleic acid in bacteria? a. it is circular! b. plasmoid c. found in nucleoid Protista 1. What are diatoms? a. photosynthetic protists phytoplankton they are in freshwater and marine their cell wall is made of silica produce 20-30% of oxygen we brewthe taxonomy study guide 6  stramenophiles decendants of red algae 2. What are flagellates? a. a cell or organism with one or more flagella b. many have thin, firm pellicle (outer covering) or a coating of a jelly like substance 3. How do algae help us? a. algae produce the majority of oxygen on earth b. they can form a symbiotic relationship with fungi to make lichen 4. How are many protozoans classified? a. an animal like protist characterized by the way they move 3 types amoeba they move by pseudopods heterotroph paramecium they move by cilia they have a gullet, their digestive thing heterotrophic euglena they have by flagella more like plants autotrophs 5. Identify paramecium, amoeba, and euglena and how they move. a. paramecium taxonomy study guide 7  i. move by their cilia, and they have a gullet, a small digestive organ b. amoeba i. move by pseudopods, projections of the cytoplasm c. euglena i. have flagella to propel them! 6. What is plankton? a. plankton are microscopic eukaryotic organisms that live in water and provide food 7. Be able to identify the disease that does not belong? (very obvious) a. probably a virus put in with there a lot of these diseases spread by protists dysentary (ameboic) there's ameboa in water or food source toxoplasmosis is a danger to fetal infection,can cause fetus death, convulsions, and brain damage (DONT MESS WITH CAT LITTER WHEN PREGO) milaria caused by mosquito bite, ameoba tricomotus can be spread through sexual contact, caused by ameoba giardiasis is in contaminated water can cause fatigue, diarrhea, and sometimes death african sleeping sickness causes fever, weakness, and lethargy bite by kissing bug causes Chagas disease Fungi 1. What is a lichen and what are the ecological benefits? a. a lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungi and an algae (protist) b. they help habituate areas that have been destroyed taxonomy study guide 8  c. they are a resistant species that can survive in many habitats, providing food, nesting material, and protection d. pioneer species 2. How do fungi digest food? a. fungi digest food by using their saphrotrophs b. they stick them out, attach them to what they want to decompose, and inject enzymes into it c. mycelium is the main body d. they digest their food extracellularly 3. Why are fungi important to our environment? a. they help decompose all sorts of dead matter and break down things within our environment that would otherwise remain untouched b. used to make antibiotics, beer and wine 4. Describe the differences in Bacteria, Protista (alga) cell walls, and Fungi. a. bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls b. protista have cellulose and silica c. fungi have chitin cell walls 5. What do most fungi infect on humans? a. SKIN and body surfaces b. candida, thrush, and athletes foot, ringworm 6. Be able to identify basic fungal diseases of humans. a. okay! look for skinnnnnn taxonomy study guide 9