Cardiovascular Assessment W3 PDF

1. Overview of cardiovascular system 2. Cardiac output 3. Anatomical and pathophysiologcial considerations for infants and children and older adult 4. Cardiovascular conditions in older adult 5. Cardiovascular assessment subject data 6. Additional history 7. Prep and equipment duri...

1. Overview of cardiovascular system 2. Cardiac output 3. Anatomical and pathophysiologcial considerations for infants and children and older adult 4. Cardiovascular conditions in older adult 5. Cardiovascular assessment subject data 6. Additional history 7. Prep and equipment during cardiovascular assessment 8. CV assessment objective data 9. Application of anti embolic stockings  Overview of Cardiovascular System Layers of heart- Pericardium. 2 myocardium. Endocardium 3 4) chambers : Atria + Ventricles , Separated by values (prevent backflow of blo. (d) Greater vessels major arteries + veins /ascending aorta Superior/inferior , vena Cara 3) pulmonary veins. Circulation : Pulmonary-heart > lungs Systemic-heart > - body Cardiac Output > Resting adult-heart pumps + 61 blood /min through body - - > - Heart can alter output to meet metabolic needs > preload+ afterload affect hearts ability to o cardiac output - > - CO = HR X SU Preload venous return that builds diastole during : ↳ greater Stretch- Stronger heart contraction (Frank Starling - Law) ↳ ↑ of blood ↑ Stroke volume contractility = ↑ volume ejected : Afterlad : Opposing pressure ventricle must generate to open aortic value against higher aortic pressure. ↳ Resistance against which ventricle must pump its blood Anatomical & Pathophysiological Considerations Infants a children Birth- change in oxygenation of bloodfrom placenta to lungs 1 year - Left ventricles mass reaches adult ratie of 2 /: > Heart - mumurs common Older adult BP : -↑ Systolic BP (thickening + stiffening of large arteries) I Diastolic BP (+ 68 yus age) > - Heart : - ↑ left ventricular wall thickness ↓ > - ability of heart to augment CO w/excercise > - No change to resting rate or Co wh ageing other : - Risk of dysrythmia /age > - Ectopic beats commonasympto ↑ incidence of bundle > - branch lock.  Cardiovascular Conditions In Older Adult Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) most common : Coronary Heart Disease , stroke , heart failure Incidence: Wh age 189% of deaths 25% All deaths Aus = Adults 651) , cause : Lifestyle factors Hypertension cause : BP 140/98 or higher Incidence : tw/age causes hypertensive state (damage heart + organs Congestive Cardiac Failure riski 75+ 10x ↑ risk than adults young Peripheral Arterial Disease /PAD) ↓ risk if risk : underlying condition is present eg. Diabetes Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Type of Arythmia > - -Risk of wage, * o linked to↓ in death from physical activity cardiovascular disease to respiratory illness. Riskfactors -HTN ↳ Jerum cholestral / ↳ Smoking rapinga sedentry  Cardiovascular Assessment - Subjective data Additional History Infants > - mothers health during pregnancy = Feeding pattern (cyanetic changes > - Growth + activity (meeting developmental outcomes) children - Growth +activity (meeting developmental outcomes) > - chest pain? - History of respiratory illness > - Genetic abnormalities. older adult : 1 Medical History ↳> Presence of comorbidities 2 med propile history ↳ Prescription lover the counter ↳ Aware of side effects ↳ Compliancew/ therapy. 3 Environment 4. Impact on ADL's Prep & equipment during Cardiovascular Assessment Preparation : - Evaluate caretoid arteriesSitting Assess > jugular veins& precordium person is supine wh head - , chest slightly elevated. > - Ensure privacy Equipment : - marking pen - Small cm mer > - Stethoscope > - Al wipe -hand hygiene. Cr Assessment - Objective Data Inspection > - jugular venous pulse > - Anterior chest (pulsations ?) Palpation > - 1 caretoid artery at a time > - Apical prise (location, Size, amplitude, durations - Across precordium to assess for possible pulsations Percussion Not performed > Auscultation - Apical pulse > listen w/ - diaphragm , then bell > Note rate B rythm - > - Compare wl radialprise at same time Application of Anti embolic stockings Before Applying > - Assess patients skin - perfused fragile , , dermatitis, odema ? 1 Measure patients limb to determine size of stock. ing required. 2 Apply stocking. 3 Reduce friction during applicat isn using a slider. ↑ Removal - Removed > every 8 hours approx - , por 30 mins. - Assess skin integrity