Systems of Education and Policies in the Arab Gulf Countries PDF

Systems of Education and Policies in the Arab Gulf Countries Historical roots of the emergence of educational systems in the Gulf States Historical Roots of the Emergence of Educational Systems in the Gulf States 1- The beginning of education was in mosques, schools, and volu...

Systems of Education and Policies in the Arab Gulf Countries Historical roots of the emergence of educational systems in the Gulf States Historical Roots of the Emergence of Educational Systems in the Gulf States 1- The beginning of education was in mosques, schools, and volunteer homes. 2- Formal education began in most Gulf States in the fifties (Starting1950s…) 3- Female education began late compared to male education. 4- The expansion of the educational system became rapid with the discovery of oil. 5- Public education was the only one at the emergence of formal education. 6- Basic education: Alternative non-traditional educational systems for the primary stage, or in a method specially prepared to suit the conditions of the region in which it is located and according to the conditions of each region, or each country. Forces affecting the education system in the Arab Gulf countries The education system in the Arab Gulf countries is a unique model among the education systems prevailing in many countries of the world. This distinction and uniqueness was formed by many forces, the most important of which are: 1- The Islamic religion 2- The Arabic language 3- The economic situation 4- Geographical location 5- Population density 6- Comprehensive development plans Factors affecting the educational system Internal factors 1. Geographical factor 2. Cultural factor 3. Economic factor 4. Political factor b) External Factors Affecting the Educational System 1. Globalization 2. Information revolution 3. Change in educational functions 4. Change in educational systems Supervisory Bodies of the Education System in the Arab Gulf Countries 1- Ministry of Education, 2- Ministry of Higher Education 3- Ministry of Manpower, 4- Ministry of Health 5- Ministry of Tourism Types of Educational System: 1- Centralized system 2- Decentralized system 3- Combination of centralized and decentralized system Advantages and Disadvantages of the Centralized System: Advantages: 1- Achieving unity and effectiveness 2- Achieving justice and equality in funding 3- Achieving job security 4- Achieving economy in educational expenses  Disadvantages: 1- Delay in work due to centralization 2- Similarity of outputs Decentralized System Advantages 1- Helps solve problems 2- Leads to satisfaction of teachers and school staff 3- Encourages creativity and takes into account diversity 4- Encourages professional growth through training  Disadvantages 1- Duplication in accomplishing tasks 2- Exploiting delegated relationships to accomplish irrational decisions 3- Failure to achieve justice and equality in spending  The system that combines centralization and decentralization: It is considered the best system as it combines the advantages of the centralized and decentralized model and avoids their disadvantages.  Features of the educational system in the Arab Gulf States 1 Providing education for all. 2_ Steady quantitative growth. 3_ Similarity of educational structures (12 years). 4_ Centralization of administration. 5_ Separation of boys' education from girls' education with the exception of the first cycle of basic education. 6_ Feminization of the teaching and administrative staff in the first cycle. 7_ Low rate of students per teacher. 8_ High cost of the student. 9_ Presence of a large percentage of foreign students. 10_ Raising the level of teacher preparation. 11_ Variation in the size of private education. 12_ Students enjoy better services. Types of Education in the Gulf States: 1- General education. 2_ Basic education. 3_ Religious education. 4_ Private education. 5_ Technical education. Components of the educational system 1_Students 2_Teachers 3_Educational curricula. 4_Human resources.  5_Educational administration. 6_Educational aids.  Educational Policy It is a set of rules and regulations that govern the workflow and are determined in advance by the management and are used by workers at different levels in all work, decisions and actions. The education policy is the driving force of the educational system, as it determines the foundations of education, its goals and objectives