Suicide Prevention PPT PDF

SUICIDE PREVENTION Mdm Sharon L How Head of Unit – Psychiatry School Faculty of Medicine University MAHSA  Learning Outcomes  Understand the meaning of suicide and how often it happens.  What causes someone to follow through with a suicide atte...

SUICIDE PREVENTION Mdm Sharon L How Head of Unit – Psychiatry School Faculty of Medicine University MAHSA  Learning Outcomes  Understand the meaning of suicide and how often it happens.  What causes someone to follow through with a suicide attempt?  What is suicidal behaviour(s) and what are some of the signs of it?  Is suicide preventable?  Increase knowledge of the factors that offer protection from suicidal behaviors and that promote wellness and recovery.  Promote efforts to reduce access to lethal means of suicide among individuals with identified suicide risk.  DEFINITIO  Suicide is death caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die.  In Nmeans ending your own life and is other words, suicide sometimes a way for people to escape pain or suffering.  When someone ends their own life, we say that they "died by  suicide." A "suicide attempt" means that someone tried to end their life, but did not die.  Suicide is connected to other forms of injury and violence.  For example, people who have experienced violence, including child abuse, bullying, or sexual violence have a  Being higherconnected suicide risk. to family and community support and having easy access to health care can decrease suicidal thoughts and behaviours.  HOW COMMON DOES SUICIDAL CASES OCCUR? Suicide rates have increased by 30% between 2000–2018, and had a slight decline in 2019 and 2020. However, suicide is still a leading cause of death in the United States, with over 45,979 deaths within the last year. This is about 1 death every 11 minutes. The number of people who think about or attempt suicide is even higher. In 2020, an estimated 12.2 million American adults seriously thought about suicide, 3.2 million planned a suicide attempt, and 1.2 million attempted suicide. SUICIDE IS A PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN  Suicide affects all ages. In 2020, suicide was among the top 9 leading causes of death for people ages 10-64. Suicide was the second leading cause of death for people ages 10-14 and 25-34.  Some groups have higher suicide rates than others. Suicide rates vary by race, ethnicity, age or even one’s demographic. In the US, by race/ethnicity, the groups with the highest suicidal rates were non-Hispanics, American Indians and the native Alaskan populations. Other Americans with higher than average rates of suicide are veterans, people who live in rural areas, and workers in certain industries and occupations like mining and construction. Young people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual have higher rates of suicidal  SOME CAUSES OF SUICIDE I. An Untreated mental illness V. Physical, Verbal and Sexual abuse II. Drug abuse VI. Inability to deal with perceived ‘failure’ III. Lose of hope VII. Genetically predisposed IV. Fear to face problems VIII. Feelings of not being accepted by loved However, it is important to ones, peers or society know that suicidal triggers can differ for individuals. Some may experience suicidal thoughts over things that others may not fret about.  WHAT ARE SUICIDAL BEHAVIOURS? Suicidal behavior includes suicidal ideation (frequent thoughts of ending one's life), suicide attempts (the actual event of trying to kill one's self), and completed suicide (death occurs). Suicidal behavior is most often accompanied by intense feelings of hopelessness, depression, or self‐ destructive behaviors (parasuicidal behaviors). 1. Self-inflicted injuries such as cuts, burns or head banging 2. Reckless behaviors like drunk-driving or overdosing on drugs 3. Verbal behavior that is ambiguous or indirect  Voices telling them to do bad things 4.Requests for euthanasia information or morbid jokes about jumping in front of cars on a highway  Can Suicide Be Prevented? Suicide can't be prevented with certainty, but risks can often be reduced with timely intervention. Research suggests that the best way to prevent suicide is to know the risk factors, be alert to the signs of depression and other mental disorders, recognize the warning signs for suicide, and intervene before the person can complete the process of self-destruction (Beautrais, 2000). Help will always be given to those who ask for it  HOW TO HELP? Be direct and be willing to LISTEN Do not be judgmental and do not disregard their emotions Communicate with their family and close friends to help them HOWEVER… ……the Warning Signs of Suicide? What Should I Do if I See If you believe someone you know is in immediate danger of killing themselves: DO NOT leave the person alone. If possible, ask for help from friends or other family members. Ask the person to give you any weapons they might have. Take away or remove sharp objects or anything else that the person could use to hurt themselves. If the person is already in psychiatric treatment, help them to contact the doctor or therapist for guidance and help. Try to keep the person as calm as possible.  FURTHER MANAGEMENT 1. Initial assessment can be done by any health care practitioner trained in the assessment and management of suicidal behavior. - However, all patients should have a thorough suicide risk assessment—which is usually done by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other trained mental health care practitioner—as soon as possible. - Decisions must be made about whether patients need to be voluntarily admitted or involuntarily committed for treatment, and whether restraint is necessary. - Patients with a psychotic disorder and some with severe depression and an unresolved crisis should be admitted to a psychiatric unit. - Patients with manifestations of potentially confounding medical disorders (eg, delirium, seizures, fever) may need to be admitted to a medical unit with appropriate suicide precautions. - After a suicide attempt, the patient may deny any problems because the severe depression that led to the suicidal act may be followed by a short-lived mood elevation. -  FURTHER MANAGEMENT 2. Suicide risk assessment identifies the key drivers contributing to the individual's current suicide risk and helps the clinician plan appropriate treatment. It consists of the following: - Establishing rapport and listening to the patient's narrative - Understanding the suicide attempt, its background, the events preceding it, and the circumstances in which it occurred - Inquiring about mental health symptoms and any medications or alternative treatments the patient may be taking for treatment of their mental health condition or relief of symptoms - Fully assessing the patient’s mental state, with particular emphasis on identifying depression, anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, severe insomnia, other mental disorders, and alcohol or drug use disorders (many of these problems require specific treatment in addition to crisis intervention) - Thoroughly understanding personal and family relationships as well as social networks, which are often pertinent to the suicide attempt and follow-up treatment - Interviewing close family members and friends - Inquiring about the presence of a firearm or other lethal means in the house and  FURTHER MANAGEMENT 3. Mental health management Safety planning is an essential intervention that is done to help patients identify triggers to suicidal planning and develop plans to deal with suicidal thoughts when they occur. Other steps clinicians should take include providing the patient with crisis resources, removal or storage of lethal means and referrals for appropriate risk-reduction care as well as counselling sessions. For example : - Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) where key components of this approach include the identification of thoughts, images and beliefs that precede suicidal behaviours and the use of both cognitive and behavioural strategies to help patients learn adaptive ways of coping with suicide-related stressors. - Dialectical behaviour therapy which helps to target treatment engagement and the reduction of self-harm and suicide attempts and focuses on teaching skills for enhancing emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and building a life worth living. - Collaborative assessment and management of suicidality [CAMS] is a a therapeutic framework that appears promising to reduce suicidal ideation and suicidal cognition. - Family therapy aims to resolve family conflicts and promote family strengths so that the  CONCLUSI ON Suicide is a preventable tragedy. Friends, family, colleagues, and other people can help by offering support and connecting at-risk individuals to preventive resources. Every suicide threat is serious because every life is valuable. Do not delay calling for help. Most people who are having thoughts of suicide do not really want their lives to end. They want the pain to end.