Bio103 Study Guide - Final Exam - F2024 PDF

**Bio103 Study Guide -- Final** 1\. What are bryophytes? What types of plants are included in this category? Review reproduction in this group -- what is the sporophyte and what is the gametophyte? What are their major characteristics? 2\. How do liverworts accomplish asexual reproduction? 3\. Th...

**Bio103 Study Guide -- Final** 1\. What are bryophytes? What types of plants are included in this category? Review reproduction in this group -- what is the sporophyte and what is the gametophyte? What are their major characteristics? 2\. How do liverworts accomplish asexual reproduction? 3\. The term "gymnosperm" stands for naked seed. Where are seeds produced in gymnosperms that make this name fit? What major evolutionary advances are first seen widely in gymnosperms? 4\. Be sure to understand the Alternation of Generations (pictured below) in all the plant groups studied. Know which parts are diploid and which are haploid. Remember that sporophytes always produce haploid spores; that spores always grow into gametophytes; and that gametophytes always produce gametes. 5\. What is a pollen grain? From what cell does it develop? What cells does it ultimately contain? What plant groups produce pollen? 6\. What part of a plant becomes the seed coat? What part of a plant becomes the fruit? What part of a plant becomes the seed? 7\. What are the differences between monocots and dicots? 8\. How does pollination differ from fertilization? What adaptations do Gymnosperms and Angiosperms have to increase the success of each these processes? 9\. What is a spore? How is it different from a seed? How are spores produced? How does the role of spores change through evolutionary time as plants became more advanced? What are the adaptive benefits of seed production versus the use of spores? 10\. Know the parts of the flower and their functions. Be able to identify the following parts: Anther carpel ovary pedicel Filament stigma ovule sepal Stamen style receptacle petal 11\. What is double fertilization? What is the product of this process? In what plant group does this process occur? 12\. What are the functions of flowers? What specific characteristics attract specific pollinators? 13\. What are the two main functions of fruits? 14\. Know the characteristics of the following fruit types: hesperidium, pome, pepo, true berry, legumes, follicles, samara, capsules, drupe, silique, achene 15\. Know the plant hormones and the different "tropisms" discussed in the powerpoint. 16\. Review your notes on the scientific article presentations (and review the powerpoints posted on Canvas). 17\. Know the major plant groups, from the most primitive to the most advanced and what unique characteristics evolved in each group. - What were the non-plant ancestors to land plants? - What was the sequence of events in terms of the appearance of specific plant groups over time, and the adaptations that evolved in each group? - Be able to identify within each group: Do they have vascular tissue? What is the sporophyte generation and what is the gametophyte generation (and be able to identify it) 18\. For the practical portion: - You will have to be able to identify examples of the major plant groups (Bryophytes, Ferns/Fern Allies, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms), identify the gametophyte and sporophyte stages, and the important anatomical features unique to each group (take a look at your drawings or pictures in the powerpoints). Review the longitudinal sections of both seed and pollen cones. - Review your cross-sections of herbaceous stems and leaves. Know the major tissue types found in each organ and their main function. - Review examples of modified roots, leaves and stems (organs modified to serve a different purpose), specifically look at modified organs of cactus, spider plant and pitcher plant - Be able to identify the differences between monocot and dicot characteristics - Know how to use the Graves key (yellow book) to identify an unknown woody specimen. Know how to correctly write a latin plant name and family name.