STUDY GUIDE ~.gdoc

1.​ Gilded Age: age of corruption covered by gold / Mark Twain novel 2.​ Robber Barons: wealthy industrialists exploiting workers and resources Andrew Carnegie: Carnegie Steel Company. Cornelius Vanderbilt: a.​ business in railroad and shipping ind...

1.​ Gilded Age: age of corruption covered by gold / Mark Twain novel 2.​ Robber Barons: wealthy industrialists exploiting workers and resources Andrew Carnegie: Carnegie Steel Company. Cornelius Vanderbilt: a.​ business in railroad and shipping industries b.​ vertical integration- controlled every part of shipping process John D. Rockefeller: c.​ America 1st billionaire d.​ founder of Standard OIL company JP Morgan-:banking and finance industry + saved the American economy of American banks + financed corporations including U.S. Steel and General Electric. 3.​ Captains of Industry : Business leaders contributing positively to society. Played a critical role in shaping America's capitalism and transforming the social structure. 4.​ Trust:combination of several corporations run and controlled by the same business people. 5.​ Monopoly: is an economic term used to describe a situation when only one company operates in a particular market. 6.​ Old Immigrants:Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe. NORTH WEST 7.​ New immigrants:Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. 8.​ Nativism/impact of rise of immigration:Preference for native-born citizens over immigrants. 9.​ Standard gauge- Uniform railroad track width for efficiency. 10.​Dawes Act (1887) -.1887 law promoting individual land ownership for Native Americans. aimed to force Native Americans to hold land individually rather than in tribal groups. The purpose of the Act was two-fold: it aimed to move Native Americans from affiliating with their tribes to being in family units and it also aimed to move Native Americans into a capitalist market system. All in all, it wanted to assimilate Native Americans into a Eurocentric society.Native American land available to be possessed by white people - not og goal tho. making Native Americans adopt a Eurocentric lifestyle and pushing them to participate in a market system. 11.​William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech:Political figure known for 'Cross of Gold' speech. Election of 1996 - urged americans to add silver into money supply 12.​Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 - This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States cuz of tension and no good order ​ Cattle ranching and causes for decline of the long drive:Reduced demand and overgrazing led to decline. ○​ Barbed wire end of driving cattle up north ○​ Hard winters ○​ Competition for grassland 13.​Social Gospel Movement -after WW1- individual salvation + sought the betterment of industrialized society through application of the biblical principles of charity and justice. PROTESTANTS - Needs of poor + workers at the mercy of corporations. 14.​Rise of labor unions in the late 19th c. - Workers organized for better conditions in late 19th century. 15.​Exodusters - African Americans who escaped the oppression + violence discriminatory and racist laws in the South by migrating to Kansas 16.​Andrew Carnegie & the “Gospel of Wealth”- Carnegie's belief in using wealth for social good. 17.​Political machines & bosses (Tammany Hall/Boss Tweed)- Corrupt organizations controlling political party activities. 18.​Ghost Dance- traditional Native American dance which involves moving in a circular formation in large groups +https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T1C0vNlO_0 https://study.com/learn/lesson/video/ghost-dance-wounded-knee-movement-history. html 19.​Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890-1890 law prohibiting monopolistic business practices. 20.​Relationship between government and business (courts, laws, etc.)- Business affected by public policies 21.​Initiative- voters propose bill 22.​ Referendum: voters vote on proposed laws 23.​ Recall: people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. = elected officials are more sensitive to the needs of the people part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. 24.​Role of muckrakers - group of American writers identified with pre-World War I reform and exposé literature. The muckrakers provided detailed, accurate journalistic accounts of the political and economic corruption and social hardships caused by the power of big business in a rapidly industrializing United States. The name muckraker was pejorative when used by U.S. Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in his speech 25.​Pure Food and Drug Act-ensure the sanitary preparation of consumable goods + accurate ingredient labeling and prohibited the sale of adulterated and misbranded food and drugs in interstate commerce. 26.​Meat Inspection Act- prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured that livestock were slaughtered and processed under sanitary.conditions. https://study.com/academy/lesson/video/what-was-the-meat-inspection-act-of-1906.h tml 27.​Suffragists & 19th amendment-Activists advocating for women's voting rights. Women have the right to vote. 28.​Upton Sinclair & The Jungle- Author of 'The Jungle' exposing meat packing industry. 29.​W.E.B. DuBois -Civil rights activist advocating for African American education. 30.​Booker T. Washington- Educator promoting vocational training for African Americans. 31.​Roosevelt’s position on trusts-Believed in regulating rather than eliminating trusts. 32.​Reasons for expansion in late 19th c. & early 20th c.- Economic interests and strategic advantages drove expansion. Imperialism : yellow journalism , new navy policies , racism, social darwinism 33.​Alfred Thayer Mahan-Naval officer advocating for strong naval power. 34.​Reasons for Spanish-American War-Imperialism, humanitarian concerns, and yellow journalism. De Lome letter 35.​Effects of the Spanish-American War on American foreign policy-Shifted U.S. foreign policy towards imperialism. 36.​Roosevelt - Promoted strong military and interventionist approach. 37.​Taft's Foreign Policy- Dollar diplomacy focusing on economic interests. 38.​Wilson's Foreign Policy- Moral diplomacy promoting democracy and peace. 39.​Major events leading to U.S. entry into WWI- Zimmerman Sinking of the U.S.S mainTelegram unrestricted German submarine warfare. 40.​Methods used to support the war effort- Propaganda, rationing, and war bonds, heatless + meatless days 41.​Selective Service Act - increased the size of the army required men to register with the government, so that some of them could be selected for military draft 42.​Impact of WWI on women-Right to vote in the 19th amendment Increased workforce participation and suffrage advocacy. 43.​Schenck v. United States- Supreme Court case on free speech limits.Limited freedom of speech. 44.​Wilson’s Fourteen Points- President Wilson Plan for cooperation among international leaders to prevent any more wars and keep peace. 45.​Argument over Treaty of Versailles- Debate over reparations and League of Nations. Because it will involve the U.S, in future conflicts.