GE 217: Science, Technology, & Society Midterms PDF

GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO STUDY STS? Gen 2:20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field. - Understanding the impact of sci...

GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO STUDY STS? Gen 2:20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field. - Understanding the impact of science and technology on society. If one believes that, that God is the creator, then - Informed decision-making scientists are studying nature, which are God’s - Ethical considerations creation. - Critical thinking and problem solving WHO IS COLLECTING NEW KNOWLEDGE? - Promoting social responsibility - Cultural and political awareness Scientists - Adapting to rapid change - Interdisciplinary insight - special group of people distinguished as - Preparing for future challenges critical thinkers, skeptical, objective, curious, patient, persistent, creative, communicative WRITING DEFINITIONS and courageous. - A formal definition is based upon a concise, Courage logical pattern that includes as much information as possible within a minimum - an important trait for it could be that their new- amount of space. found knowledge contradict existing “truths” - Consists of three parts: and will have to go against powerful o Term to be defined institutions or authorities. o Class of object or concept to which THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD the term belongs o Differentiating characteristics that - based on making falsifiable predictions distinguish it from all others of its (hypotheses), testing them empirically, and class. developing peer reviewed theories that best explain the known data. WHAT IS SCIENCE? o Mathematical and experimental - Organized, well-founded body of knowledge of technique used by scientists natural phenomena. o Five key descriptors: - Comes from latin word “scientia” meaning ▪ Empirical knowledge. ▪ Replicable - In ancient times, science was called ▪ Provisional “Philosophy of the natural world” ▪ Objective - first scientists were called “Philosophers of ▪ Systematic nature” FOUR DEFINITIONS OF SCIENCE THE BEGINNING OF SCIENCE Laconsay-Agsalud (2012) Gen 2:8 And the LORD God planted a garden eastward 1. Science as knowledge in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had 2. Science as a field of systematic inquiry into formed. nature Gen 2:9 And the LORD God planted a garden eastward 3. Science as a form of human cultural activity in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had 4. Science as a toral societal enterprise formed. WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY Gen 2:19 And out of the ground the LORD God formed - Comes from the Greek word “Techne” every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air, and meaning art, skill, or cunning of hand. brought them unto Adam to see what he would call - the application of scientific knowledge, laws them: and whatsoever Adam called every living and principles to produce services, materials, creature, that was the name thereof. GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY tools, and machines aimed at solving real- TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF TECHNOLOGY world problems. 1. Communication technology FOUR DEFINITIONS OF TECHNOLOGY 2. Construction technology 3. Assistive technology Laconsay-Agsalud (2012) 4. Medical technology 1. Technology as techniques 5. Information technology 2. Technology as a technology 6. Entertainment technology 3. Technology as a form of human cultural 7. Business technology activity 8. Educational technology 4. Technology as a form of societal enterprise. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BEGINNINGS OF TECHNOLOGY TECHONOLOGY AND SCIENCE? Gen 1:29-30 - Technology develops and explains the human- made world. During pre-historic times, when man has acquired the - Science explains the natural world. skills in manipulating the stone, they have improved o Refers tot eh systematic methodology on its design and brought it to the next level of used to gather accurate information efficiency. about shared reality. PALEOLITHIC AGE NEOLITHIC AGE HOW TO SOLVE PROBLEMS USING - Stone tools - tools TECHNOLOGY? - Hand axe - Polished axes - Scraper - Blades - Develop an understanding of the problem - Chopper - Arrowheads through observation. - Grinder - Ring stone - Devise a plan for solving that problem. - Hummer - Sickle - Implementing the plan. - Arrow heads - Plough - Evaluating the plan. - Flakes - Harpoon - Burins - Muller FOUR BASIC PHASES OF SOLVING PROBLEMS WITH TECHNOLOGY 1. Identifying a technological problem Made of stone, bone, or wood. Both are LITHIC 2. Developing a solution cultures (stoneage) 3. Evaluating the solution WHO DETERMINES THE COURSE OF 4. Communicating the solution TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT? WHAT IS SOCIETY? it is the society that creates the demand, and the - Derived from a latin word “socious” meaning author of the statement “Necessity is the mother of association or companionship. invention”. Three definitions of society: INDUSTRIAL VS INFORMATION AGE - the largest number of human beings who INDUSTRIAL AGE INFORMATION AGE - Companies with - Helped small interact to satisfy their social needs and large sums of businesses gain who share a common culture. capital benefits a position in o “A society may be defined as a network - Potential to highly of interconnected major groups employ competitive viewed as a unit and sharing a expensive markets. common culture” (J.H. Ficther, technological Sociology, 1957) tools. GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - a group of individuals involved in persistent HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS OF S&T social interaction, o large social group sharing the same TWO CATEGORIES OF SCIENCE spatial or social territory, typically Operation science (experimental) subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural - experiments expectations. Origins science - refers not to a group of people but to the complex pattern of the norms or interaction - use reliable eyewitness testimony and or relationships that arise among them. observable evidence to determine the past events. BASIC ELEMENTS OR CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOCIETY Both are assumptions before investigations. 1. likeness It is important to understand that our assumptions 2. reciprocal awareness affect our scientific investigation 3. differences 4. interdependence 1. influence or control the questions we ask 5. cooperation 2. influence what we see in our research 6. conflict 3. influence what data we collect 4. influence or control our interpretations of the TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETIES data THROUGH HISTORY THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION 1. hunters and gatherers 2. pastoral society RENAISSANCE 3. industrial society - rebirth of learning and the arts 4. post-industrial society - scholars question ideas that had been GENERATIONS IN A SOCIETY accepted by society 1. baby boomer generation (1946 – 1964) THE ROOTS OF MODERN SCIENCE 2. generation x (1965 – 1979) The medieval view 3. millennials (gen y) (1980 – 1994) 4. generation z (1996 – 2015) - Geocentric theory by Aristotle o Theory expanded by Ptolemy INTERACTION BETWEEN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, o Supported by Christians AND SOCIETY The new way of thinking - Launched a change in European thought called the Scientific Revolution. o New way of thinking about the natural world. - Europeans explored Africa, Asia, and Americas. o New truths to be found. A REVOLUTIONARY MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE Heliocentric theory - By Nicolas Copernicus GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY o On the Revolutions of the Heavenly o Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Bodies - First mercury barometer for measuring - Tycho Brahe atmospheric pressure and predicting weather. o Produced accurate data based on his o Evangelista Torricelli observation. - Made first thermometer to use mercury in o Johannes Kepler glass ▪ Concluded that certain o Gabriel Fahrenheit mathematical laws govern - Another scale for the mercury thermometer planetary motion. o Anders Celsius Galileo’s Discoveries Medicine and the Human Body - Built his own telescope and used it to study - Galen the heavens. o Accepted writings - Starry messenger o Never dissected a human body o Jupiter had four moons o Studied anatomy of pigs and other o Sun has dark spots animals. o Moon had a rough, uneven surface - Andreas Vesalius - Dialogue concerning two chief world systems o Dissected human corpses o Supports Copernican theory o On the structure of the Human Body ▪ Drawings of human organs, THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD bones, and muscles - Logical procedure for gathering and testing - Edward Jenner ideas. o Introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox Bacon and Descartes o Used cowpox for permanent - Bacon urged scientists to experiment and then prevention draw conclusions (empiricism/experimental Discoveries in Chemistry method) - Descartes developed analytical geometry. - Robert Boyle o Relied on mathematics and logic. o Founder of Modern Chemistry o Proposed that matter was made up of NEWTON EXPLAINS THE LAW OF GRAVITY smaller primary particles. - The same force ruled motion of the planets o Boyle’s Law and all matter on Earth ▪ How the volume, temperature - The key idea that linked motion in the heavens and pressure of gas affect with motion on the earth was the law of each other. universal gravitation. THE NATURE AND HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS o Every object in the universe attracts OF TECHNOLOGY every other object. Simple Machine THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION SPREADS - Archimedes Scientific Instruments o Archimedean simple machines: - First microscope in 1590 ▪ Lever o Zacharias Janssen ▪ Pulley - Used microscope to observe bacteria ▪ Screw swimming in tooth scrapings; examined red blood cells GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY o Famous remark on the lever: “Give me - Sumerians were able to invent the a place to stand on, and I will move the wheel. Earth” - First made for farm work and food o No limit to the amount of force processes. amplification that could be achieved - The Plow by using mechanical advantage. - Invented to dig the earth in a faster - Galileo Galilei pace o Le Meccaniche - Roads ▪ Showed underlying - To facilitate faster and easier travel mathematical similarity of the - Made by using sun-baked bricks and machines as force amplifiers. ▪ Simple machines do not bitumen (asphalt-like) create energy, only transform BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION it. - Known for being great engineers and ANCIENT TIMES architectures - Hanging gardens of Babylon - Transportation - Layers upon layers of Garden - Communication EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION - Weapons and armors - Paper or papyrus - Engineering - Safe-keeping and easier - Architecture transportation of information SUMMERIAN CIVILIZATION - Ink - Sumerians are known for their high degree of - Combining soot with different cooperation with one another and their desire chemicals to produce inks of different for great things. colors - Cuneiform - Hieroglyphics - first writing system - System of writing - Uruk City - Language that tells the modern world - Built using mud or clay of the history adn culture of egyptians - Sun-baked bricks - Cosmetics - Great Ziggurat of Ur - Health and aesthetic reasons - Built in the same manner of - Kohl Uruk City - Prevent and cure eye - Irrigation and Dikes diseases - Bring water to farm land - Wig - Control the flooding of the - First worn for health and wellness rivers - Used to protect shaved heads - World’s most beneficial of wealthy Egyptians engineering works. - Water clock/Clepsydra - Sailboats - Utilizes gravity that affects the flow of - Mesopotanian sailboat water from one vessel to the other. - Mode of transportation GREEK CIVILIZATION that did not require - Alarm Clock much human resource - Tells an individual when to stop or (unlike rowing boats) when to start - Wheel GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - Uses water and stones fruits, attached to them a - Water mill metal impression fo the - Contributions to mass production of letters, and pressed firmly the goods cast metal into a piece of - Newspaper paper. - Gazettes - Microscope - First newspapers - Zacharias Janseen - Bound books or codex - First compound microscope - Julius Caesar started the tradition of - Telescope stacking up papyrus to form a book. - Galileo - Eventually invented covers for - Observation of remote objects stacked papyrus - War weapons - Roman architecture - Crossbows nad long bows - Continuation of Greek architecture - Iron body armors - Roman numerals - Developed chainmail - Own number system to address the MODERN TIMES need for a standard counting method - Pasteurization ROMAN CIVILIZATION - Food preservation - Strongest political and social entity in the - Louis Pasteur west. - Process of heating dairy - Model in terms of legislation and codified products to kill bacteria laws - Longer shell life for dairy CHINESE CIVILIZATION products - Silk - Petroleum refinery - Naturally produced by silk worms, - Samuel M. Kier developed to produce paper and - Invented kerosene by refining clothing petroleum - Tea production - Illuminating oil - Developed when a machine was - Telephone created to shred tea leaves into strips - Alexander Graham Bell - Great wall of china - Real time communication - Keep out foreign invaders and control - Calculator the borders of China - Faster way to compute more - One of the most famous infrastures complicated equations - Gun powder - Stepping stone of computer - Mixed charcoal, sulfur, and potassium THE 4 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS nitrate. Producing a black powder that The first Industrial revolution 1765 could generate large amoutns of heat - Steam engine and gas in an instant. MEDIEVAL MIDDLE AGES The second Industrial revolution 1870 - Printing press - Johann Gutenberg - New source of energy - Utilized wooden machines - Electricity that extracted juices from - Gas - Oil GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - Development of steel demand, chemical Freudian Revolution synthesis and methods of communication - Psychology such as telegraph and telephone - Psychoanalysis - Clinical method that helps treating The Third Industrial Revolution 1969 mental disorders - Freud explained that therea re many - Nuclear energy conscious and unconscious factors that can - Electronics, telecommunications, computers influence behavior and emotions - Two major inventions: programmable logic 7 OF ALBERT EINSTEIN’S INVENTIONS THAT controllers and robots CHANGED THE WORLD Quantum Theory of light Industry 4.0 - Light is composed of tiny packets of energy - Happening right now called photons - Internet - Photons are particles but also had wave-like properties The 4 industrial revolutions shaped the world. Special theory of relativity NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL - Determined that motion through space can ADVANCES also be thought of as motion through time. - Space and time affect each other, 1. Development of social media both being relative concepts in 2. Development of missiles and nuclear relation to the speed of light. weapons Avogadro’s number 3. Food processing and agricultural industry are racing for discoveries to feed the fast growing - Way to determine the mass of an atom or the population in the face of a depleted molar mass for each element on the periodic environment table. The Bose-Einstein condensate INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION AND SOCIETY - A group of atoms are cooled and when they Intellectual revolution reach that temperature, they hardly move. - Period where paradigm shifts occurred. this makes them behave as if they were a - Where scientific beliefs that have been widely single atom embraced and accepted by the people where General Theory of Relativity challenged and opposed. - Space and time were interwoven Copernican Revolution - Massive objects in space could distort - Nicolas Copernicus spacetime. - From Geocentrism to Heliocnetrism Photoelectric effect - Birth of modern astronomy - Emissions of electrons from metal when light Darwinian Revolution shines on it. (photoelectrons) - Charles Darwin - Basis of how solar cells work - Theory of evolution Wave-particle duality - Populations pass through a process of - Light should be treated as both a wave and a natural selection in which only the particle. fittest would survive GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY CAN YOU BE A SCIENTIST AND BELIEVE IN - Spain sent another crusade led by Lieutenant GOD? Aranda. 3000 Igorot warriors defeated them. Common viewpoint Igorot Military Tactics - Give up faith in God if you want to make it into - Notorious pugot-ulo (headhunters) the science field - Igorot arsenal consisted of bamboo lances - Creative evolution by Henri Bergson and wooden shields. They also used stakes The dark side academia planted in tall grass. - Defensive blockades of trees and branches in - Some scientists set our with preconceived mountain passes. ideas, do not really wish to discuss evidence, - Feigned retreat. They pretend to retreat and and appear to be fixated not on the pursuit of ambush the enemy. truth but on propagating the notions that The Igorots were Unconquered for over 300 years science and God do not mix and that those who believe in God are simple ignorant. - Autonomy to the Igorots by forming the - If science and God do not mix, there would be Cordillera Administrative Region. no Christian Nobel Prize Winners. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND What exactly is Atheism? TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES - Lack of belief in God Spanish Colonial Period - “Mass-energy” is the fundamental stuff of the - Science and technology developed through universe the establishment of formal education Lessons from History institutions. - Faith in God was one of the motors that drive o Mandated to teach religion, the rise of modern science. mathematics, reading, and writing. Galileo - Natives were trained to use innovative approaches in farming. - “The laws of nature are written by the Hand of - Engineering was introduced and developed to God int he language of mathematics.” construct infrastructure. - Theories are based on evidence, not on the - Trade was prioritized due to possible bigger current ruling theories profits. American Period Challenging the Worldview - Cristicism of a reigning scientific paradigm is - Institutions for science and technology were fraught with risk, no matter who is engaged in reorganized. it o Laboratorio Municipal was replaced THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE IGOROT’S by Bureau of Government REVOLT Laboratories. ▪ Established for studying The Igorot Revolt of 1601 tropical diseases. - Spain tried to Christianize Igorots by launching ▪ Was changed to Bureau of a holy crusade to evangelize the Heathens. Science - Gain control of the gold-rich mountains of Main research center Cordilleras. of the Philippines. - Crusade led by Estaban Marin. Killed when - In 1993, National Research Council of the they tried to Christianize Igorots. Philippines was established. - In 1946, Bureau of Science was replaced by Institute of Science. GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY Marcos Regime o In order for the s&t sector to be represented in the cabinet. - Mandated the Department of Education and - The Science and Technology Master Plan Culture, now known as Department of o By DOST. To update the production Education. sector, improve research activities, - Additional budget for research projects in and develop infrastructure. applied sciences and science education. - War damage fund was donated to private Fidel Ramos universities for the creation of science-related - The Doctors of Barrio Program courses to promote research. o Made healthcare accessible even in - 35-hectare lot for Philippine Science far-flung areas Community, now the site of Department of - National Program for Gifted Filipino Children Science and Technology. in Science and Technology - Seminars and training programs on Fisheries - Laws and Statutes related to s&t sector: and Oceanography o RA 8439 - The Philippine Coconut Research Institute ▪ Magna Carta for Scientist (PHILCORIN) tasked to promote Engineers, Researchers, and modernization of coconut industry. other S&T Personnel - Agencies and Organizations established: o RA 7687 o Philippine Atomic Energy Commission ▪ S&T Scholarship Act of 1994 ▪ Now, Philippine Nuclear o RA 7459 Institute ▪ Inventors and Inventions o National Grains Authority Incentives Act. ▪ Now, National Food Authority o RA 8293 o Philippine Council for Agricultural ▪ The Intellectual Property Code Research of the Philippines ▪ Now, Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Joseph Estrada Natural Resources Research and Development. - Mandated laws: o PAG-ASA o RA 8749 o Philippine National Oil Company ▪ Philippine Clean Air Act of o Plant Breeding Institute 1999 o International Rice Research Institute o RA 8792 o Bureau of Plant Industry ▪ Electronic Commerce Act of o Bureau of Forest Products 2000 o National Committee on Geological - Implementing the cost-effective irrigation Science technologies o National Committee on Geological - Basic healthcare services Science Gloria Marapagal-Arroyo o National Science and Technology Authority - Filipinization - National Academy of Science and Technology o Refer to the Philippines as an (1976) innovative hub in Asia. o Reservoir of scientific and - Laws: technological expertise in the country. o RA 9367 ▪ Biofuels act Corazon Aquino ▪ Utilize indigenous materials as - NSTA was renamed DOST sources of energy. GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY o RA 10601 - Studies that lead to the invention of the ▪ Agriculture and Fisheries incubator (bamboo incubator) and jaundice Mechanization (AFMech) Law relieving device. Benigno Aquino III Karaoke sing along machine - Named National Scientists - Roberto del Rosario o Gavino C. Trono (Marine Biology) - Patent holder of the Karaoke machine – o Angel C. Alcala (Biological Science) karaoke Sing-along system in 1975 o Ramon C. Barba (Horticulture) Luna Rover o Edgardo D. Gomez (Marine Biology) - Eduardo San Juan Rodrigo Duterte - Co-invented the Moon Buggy/Luna Rover - Focus of DOST is to put the results of R&D into - Used by Neil Armstrong and other astronauts commercialization to gain new intellectual Video Phone properties. - Philippine Space and Technology Program - Gregorio Y. Zara o Launched Diwata-2 (2018) and - Referred to as a Photophone separator signal Diwata-1 (2016) - Invented 30 patents S&T in the Philippines and Environment Erythromycin - Contributions to society: - Abelardo Aguilar o Mechanization for farming - Antibiotic from the Aspergillus species of fungi ▪ Water pump and sprinklers in 1949 ▪ Genetically modified crops ▪ Fertilizers that increase ALCO-Diesel, Lan-gas, and SUPERBUNKER nutrients in the soil FORMULA o Science and Technology has improved - Rudy Lantano Sr. transportation by land, air, and water. - Revolutionary fuel half-composed of water o Communication also improved o the mix burns faster and emits through technological advancements. pollutants ▪ Internet, social media o Learning management systems Feminine hygiene - Adverse impacts: - Dr. Virgilio “Billy” Malang o Resource depletion - External Vaginal Cleanser o Wastes after these technologies are developed. Single Chip graphical user interface accelerator o People becoming too dependent on - Dado Banatao s&t - First single-chip graphical user interface TOP 10 FILIPINO INVENTIONS accelerator that made computers work a lot faster Florescent - Helping develop Ethernet controller chip that - Agapito Flores made internet possible - Funnel of the Flourescent light tube invention Quink ink Incubator - Francisco Quisumbing - Fe del Mundo - Innovative ink GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY o Quick-drying, water-resistant, did not o Religion, hygiene, math, the physical, clog the pen opening, does not blot, natural, and social sciences, literature and will not fade. (Spanish, rhetoric and poetry), languages (Spanish, English, French, FILIPINO SCIENTISTS AND THEIR INVARIABLE German, Chinese, and Tagalog), CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF physical culture, and arts. THE WORLD - There should be a weekly accounting by 1. Irene Crisologo teachers of student progress and conduct o Radar meteorologist o The well-behaved ones to be rewarded o Open source methods for processing with a posting of their names weather radar data o Parents should be informed o The possibility to customize the - The school should insist on accuracy and methods to suit the local conditions punctuality can improve weather monitoring and - Teachers were to be employed on passing an forecasting. admission examination on a competitive basis 2. Julius Sempio - No racial discrimination in the admission of o Geoinformatics and remote sensing students o Diwata satellites will be readily - Gymnastics and swimming are obligatory accessible for applications such as - Classes would be six hours a day mapping, monitoring the environment, - Human relations between teachers and pupils and detecting changes in land features should not be ignored and usage. - Instruction should be practical and should 3. Andreia Carillo stimulate thinking rather than be a parrot like o Astrophysicist reproduction of book learning o Her published paper characterized a - Education should receive substantial aid to dwarf planet 15 million light years make instruction effective away, including the kinds of stars it - The teacher should have prestige, reputation, had. moral strength, and some freedom of action. 4. Kamela Ng o Molecular epidemiologist HUMAN FLOURISHING o Early detection of drug-resistant- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND HUMAN tuberculosis transmission FLOURISHING o Goal is to implement drug-resistant Eudaimonia surveillance tool in the Philippines 5. Migs Canilao - Aristotle describes the pinnacle of happiness o Anthropologist and archaeologist that is attainable by man as Eudaimonia. o His research involved using high - Translated to “Human flourishing” resolution satellite imagery to track - Flourishing ancient gold trading trails and o Highest good of human endeavors settlements in Luzon. 6. Sarah Oliva Western Civilization o Geophysicist - More focused on individuals RIZAL’S CONCEPT OF EDUCATION - Based on their values rather than beliefs that the state is greater than them. Requirements: Eastern Civilization - The curriculum of a modern liberal education should include either: - Community-centric GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - Community takes the highest regard that - Several budding theories that lack empirical individuals should sacrifice for the sake of results might be shot down prematurely society. - Fails to weed out bogus arguments that explain things coincidentally SCIENCE AND RESULTS FALSIFICATION THEORY People who do not understand science are won over when the discipline is able to produce results - Karl Popper - As long as an ideology is not proven false and - Science is not the only discipline to produce can best explain a phenomenon, we should results accept the ideology - For communities without access to science, - Allowed emergence of theories rejected by they turn to divination and superstition verification theory - Science is not entirely foolproof - Determine which among the theories can SCIENCE AS EDUCATION stand the test of falsification. - Large distribution of science high schools TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY OF REVEALING - Students are preconditioned that the field HUMAN FLOURISHING would land them high-paying jobs THE HUMAN CONDITIONS - Mastering science and technology would be inadequate if we are to socialize or ruminate - Our ancestor’s primal need to survive paved on our inner self way for the invention of several developments - A true Eudaimonia recognizes that flourishing Before common era requires one to excel in various dimensions - Homo erectus uses fire without knowing the SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL ENDEAVOR law of friction and heat - Explores the social dimension of science and - Homo sapiens produced flint and stones technology - Minerals were discovered - Perpetuates a dimension which benefits - Fur clothing used to comfort from harsh society environment - Honor deity SCIENCE AS METHOD AND RESULTS During common era The scientific method - Hunting of megafaunas 1. Observe - Extinction of flora and fauna 2. Determine the problem 3. Formulate hypothesis; reject the null - Hunt, farm, and produce things with prospect of profit hypothesis 4. Conduct experiment The Essence of Technology 5. Gather and analyze results 6. Formulate conclusion and provide - Humans are reliant on technology in their recommendation search for the good life - By too much reliance, humans lose track of VERIFICATION THEORY things that matter - Earliest criterion that distinguishes philosophy - Martin Heidegger and science o Its essence, or purpose, and being are - Proposes that a discipline is science if it can different from each other. be confirmed or interpreted in the event of an o Technology can be to achieve man’s alternative hypothesis being accepted end or constitute human activity GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY Backtracking Human Conditions - Take pictures - Surfing the internet - Technology’s initial promises proved to be true - Different machineries aid in prolonging live ROBOTICS AND HUMANITY - Some places in the world are still battling for International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and United their daily survival Nations Economic Commission (UNECE) made it their - A lot of people still subscribe to religion in task to formulate working definitions for service robot. explaining things that they do not understand. - Still trying to discover and rediscover things as ROBOTS (according to IFR 2012) their existence makes sense Robot o Technology does little to aid in the pursuit of life’s meaning - Actuated mechanism programmable in two or - Technology advancements are seemingly more axes with a degree of autonomy occurring in a rapid pace that our morality Service Robot can’t keep up. - Performs useful tasks for humans or WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY CROSS equipment Humanity Personal Service Robot - Quality or condition of being human - Used for noncommercial task - Human nature is the concept that there is a set of inherent distinguishing characteristics Professional Service Robot SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY - Used for commercial task, usually operated by Television a operator ROLES PLAYED BY ROBOTS - According to Kantar Media, 92% of urban homes and 70% of rural homes own at least The three laws by Isaac Asimov (1940s) one tv set - Ultimate medium for advertisements 1. A Robot may not injure a human being, or - Plays a great role in the lives of Filipinos through inaction, allow a human being to - 15, 135, 000 Filipino households own a TV set come to harm. - Invented by Gottlieb Nipkow, Alan Archibald 2. A Robot must obey orders given by human Campbell-Simon, and Boris Rosing beings except where such orders would conflict with the 1st law Mobile Phones 3. A Robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with - Martin Cooper – First mobile phone 1st and 2nd law - 67% ownership (2010) – 92% ownership (2022) - All-in-one device ETHICAL DILEMMA FACED BY ROBOTICS - Motorola Dyna Tac – first phone - Safety Computers and Laptops - Emotional component - If it deviates from the three laws Charles Babbage – analytical Engine - If it has the ability to think Osborne 1 – First portable computer THE GOOD LIFE Roles: Aristotle and How We All Aspire for a Good Life - Communication Plato - Advertisement - Entertainment - Thought things in this world are not real GE 217: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, & SOCIETY - Only copies of the real in the world of forms Theism - The world of matter - The ultimate basis of happiness for theists is o Things are changing and impermanent the communion with God. - The world of forms - World where we are in is only temporary o Entities are only copies of the ideal reality and the models, and the forms are the only real entities Humanism Aristotle - The freedom of humans to carve their own destiny and to legislate their own laws, free - No reality over and above what the senses can from the shackles of a God that monitors and perceive controls. - Human beings are potentialities who aspire for - Humans are not merely as stewards of the their actuality creation - Every action is a function of the purpose (telos) that the person has - Every human person aspires for an end. This end is happiness or human flourishing - Happiness is the be all and end all of everything - Human flourishing, a kind of contentment in knowing that one is getting the best out of life HAPPINESS AS THE GOAL OF A GOOD LIFE Materialism - The first materialist were the atomist in Ancient Greece - Democritus and Leucippus belief is that the world is made up of and is controlled by the tiny indivisible units in the world called atomos or seeds. - For Democritus and his disciples, the world, including human beings, is made up of matter. - Only material entities matter. In terms of human flourishing, matter is what makes us attain happiness. Hedonism - The hedonists, for their part, see the end goal of life in acquiring pleasure. - Life is about obtaining and indulging in pleasure because life is limited. Stoicism - The idea that to generate happiness, one must learn to distance oneself and be apathetic.