Human Flourishing and Well-being Theory PDF

HUMAN FLOURISHING  According to Aristotle, the way human beings do things is by making rational choices. Individuals choose specific actions or scientific investigations that are most in line with their personal preferences, hence the introduction of rational choice theory, which...

HUMAN FLOURISHING  According to Aristotle, the way human beings do things is by making rational choices. Individuals choose specific actions or scientific investigations that are most in line with their personal preferences, hence the introduction of rational choice theory, which is used to model human decision making.  The wide range of different norms, principles, values, and intuitions that characterize today's bioethical discussions are products of man's rational choice to satisfy his material and spiritual needs, This will also help man choose or judge whether biomedical sciences, biotechnology, or nanotechnology threaten or enhance humanity. Characteristics of Humans that Evolved Over Time Human characteristics evolved over time brought about by several factors, like changes in the environment, increased knowledge and culture adaptation 1. Walking upright  Human evolved from four legged species to walking upright individuals.  to gather food and find shelter for their survival.  flexibility helped them get around in diverse habitats and cope with changing climates,  changes in the physical characteristics of humans were brought about by adaptation to the changing environment. Characteristics of Humans that Evolved Over Time 2. Use of different tools  humans need to survive, their various activities such as foraging, hunting and fishing to provide a wide range of food supply led to advances in tools and tool-making.  They used stones, wood, bone, ivory and metals, and learned to produce and use fire.  development of agriculture, animal domestication and adoption of permanent settlements has led to utilization of bronze, which further developed metal smelting, use of copper and an alloy of tin. Characteristics of Humans that Evolved Over Time 3. Domestication of animals  hunters and gatherers started domesticating animals.  settled in one place, learned to tame animals and domesticate them.  raised animals for clothing, medicine, and shelters,  The first animals to be domesticated were the goats, followed by sheep and then chickens.  Larger animals like oxen or horses were also domesticated for plowing and transportation. These animals were also known as beasts of burden. Characteristics of Humans that Evolved Over Time 4. Changes in human body A. Short bodies and long guts, had long arms and short legs. - Human were plant-based, this required a large digestive tract. B. Tall bodies and short gut- adapted to hot climates, C. Long legs-enabled them to travel longer distances. D. Compact bodies and short gut-adapted to colder climates and stay them warm E. Bones were sleeker and weaker- because of less physically demanding lifestyles and diet that included meat and cooked foods, Characteristics of Humans that Evolved Over Time 5. Complexity of the brains  larger and more complex human brains that can process and store a lot of information.  helped the early humans in their social interactions and encounters with unfamiliar habitats.  The ability of an organism to process information about its environment is a driving force behind evolution,  able to respond to environmental challenges and the better will be its chances of survival. Flourishing is a descriptor of positive mental health a. Positive emotions fuel psychological resilience, and trigger emotional and physical well being b. A positive outlook in life of humans is rooted to satisfying his basic needs, c. It is linked to positive psychological and social functioning. d. Positive thinking individuals or high-resilient individuals exhibit faster physiological and emotional recovery from stress, This can trigger positive emotion and physical well- being as well. Well-Being Theory Martin E. P Seligman, formulated theory, where human flourishing is not only focused on the happiness of individuals alone but also in psychological well-being. Human flourishing rests on five pillars, denoted by the handy mnemonic PERMA. 1. Positive Emotion This includes pleasure, rapture, ecstasy, warmth, comfort, and other emotions that contribute to the "pleasant life." These are based on emotions that later could fade away when emotions are gone. Emotion is an affective state of consciousness in which joy, sorrow, fear, hate, or the like, is experienced, as distinguished from cognitive and volitional states of consciousness. Well-Being Theory 2. Engagement This is all about flow: being one with the music, time stopping, and the loss of self consciousness during an absorbing activity, experiences which contribute to the "engaged life.“ Being fully engaged means doing everything with enthusiasm. Well-Being Theory 3. Relationships The feeling of satisfaction, flourishing or well-being can be experienced when we are in a relationship or with other people. The last time you laugh out loud or have that emotional joy, or great feeling because of an accomplishment, usually shared with 'other people' is an example. Well-Being Theory 5. Meaning of life  Belonging and serving something is bigger that you are  Man’s worth or value 6. Accomplishment  Defined as success Technology and the Evolution of Human Society Classification of Society According to Toffler Alvin Toffler Alvin Toffler -  American writer and futurologist who focused his writings on technology expansion and its impact on the society.  Information overload a book entitled Third Wave", he classified societies based on the concept of waves where each wave propels the older societies and cultures aside. Classification of Society According to Toffler Alvin Toffler 1. The first wave society  replaced the hunters and gatherers-society after the agrarian revolution.  small scale technologies which came into existence through trial and error Classification of Society According to Toffler Alvin Toffler 2. The second wave society  period of industrial revolution until the end of World War II.  People used technologies based on mass production, mass consumption, mass distribution and weapons of mass destruction combined with standardization, centralization, and synchronization.  foundations on Newton's physics, biology and chemistry. Classification of Society According to Toffler Alvin Toffler 3. The third wave society  post-industrialized society after the World War II  where people used modern technologies based on the advent of science including computers, robotics and the like. This society was seemingly associated with scientific-technological evolution Classification of Technology According to process 1. Energy technology This technology involves processes that could create or generate, convert and distribute energy with the main purpose of yielding high efficiency without causing negative effects to human and environment. Examples: oil coal wind water geothermal, hydroelectric, nuclear fusion solar energy Classification of Technology According to process 2. Equipment technology This technology involves the design, fabriication and invention of tools, gadget, instruement, ahd machines Exanplees motor engines, plow, spinnin wheels robots, fermenters, laser, cmputer assisted machines Classification of Technology According to process 3. Information technology This technology is prìmarilv concerned with tools and gadgets including computer systemand their applications to manage, process and distribute information Examples typewriter, boo newspaper television telephone cellphone radioprinter laser Classification of Technology According to process 4. Life technology The main purpose of this type of technology is to make technological advancements. These technologies benefit human race in terms of health and food security Examples preservation maintenance treatment reproduction of livIng things, These include traditional and modern technologies like animal breeding herbal medicines surgery vaccine antibiotics arificial organ transplant genetic engineering Classification of Technology According to process 5. Materials technology This technology is concerned with extraction, fabrication and synthesis of materials specifically for the benefit of mankind. Examples: steel plastics brass iron copper ceramics aluminums, polymers synthetics Technologies keep on changing Substitution  Substitution happens when technologies which may have been used for a long period of time are replaced by the new and better version especially with respect to the performance Example  the replacement of the stereo type radio with cassette tape recorder,  Video Home System (VHS), and finally with Digital Versatile Disc (DVD).  telephones by cellular phones which are gradually replaced by more sophisticated ones. Technologies keep on changing Diffusion it happens when technologies are being adopted by individualize even individuals come. The more individuals adopted the technology innovation, the greater is the measure of diffusion process. National Development through Science and Technology 1, Gross domestic product (GDP, it is the measure either of al] the income earned within the country or all the expenditures within the country. The money set by the consumers in buying several products, and those invested by business establishments, and government investments contribute to a country's GDP National Development through Science and Technology 2. Per capita income. It is the average income earned by a person in a particular city region or country. It is a way of measuring the economic status and the quality of life in different areas, It can be computed by dividing the country's national income by its population. National Development through Science and Technology 3. Income distribution. This is the measure of how the total gross domestic product of the country is equally distributed among its members/people. This could tell us the distribution of the individuals who can be considered rich or poor. 4. Growth rate of gross national product (GNP), This refers to the increase in the country's total economic activity. GNP is the sum of all the goods and services produced in a country per year by its people. It uses the GDP, plus the income of people working overseas minus the income paid to foreign citizens and entities National Development through Science and Technology 5. Percentage of employment. This is defined as the employment rate or the measure at which all the available labor resources are being utilized. It is computed as the ratio of the employed to the working age population. Above seventy percent is considered a high percentage value while below 50 percent is somehow a low ratio. The ratio of employment to the population is usually higher for men than in women National Development through Science and Technology 6. Structure of labor force. It is the sum total of all the men and women who are able to work, be employed or unemployed The age structure of the country basically determines the labor or the work force. National Development through Science and Technology 7. Human life expectancy. It refers to the average number of years an individual 7. or a group of people could be expected to live. It is usually recorded as the person's life span from birth 8. Percentage of urban population. This is defined as the percentage of people or density of people living in urbanized area not depending upon agricultural products and other government services. The Good Life Intellectual Values  Personal traits or character strengths which are deemed to be morally good for thinking and learning and are often associated with knowledge and cognitive ability  People who are good thinkers know a lot of things; they are intelligent people with reasonably high intelligence quotient. Intellectual Virtues 1. They are acquired.- guided by instruction 2. They are excellent character trait 3. They involved human emotion. Intentions, motivation and values 4. They are aimed at cognitive good 5. They are mean between two extremes When Technology Humanity Cross Advantages of Modern Technology 1. Improved communication 2. Improved housing, lifestyles, and entertainment 3. Convenience in education 4. Convenience in traveling 5. Changes in health industries 6. Efficiency and productivity 7. Initiates creativity and innovation Disadvantages of Modern Technology 1. Job loss and human displacement 2. World destructive weapon 3. Increased loneliness which isolation of one self and no social interaction 4. Competency that reduced creativity and intelligence of human Emrgerging Technological Ethical Dilemmas 1. Real time satellite surveillance imaginary- might clearly violate privacy of human life 2. Colonizing Mars: An Astronaut Bioethics- human will sent one way mission goal of establishing the firat community outside the earth that may risk establishing colony. Emrgerging Technological Ethical Dilemmas 3. Enhance pathogens- understanding the virus and mode of treating may increase mammalian transmission and virulence outbreak 4.Non-lethal weapon – not designed to kill but to torture like blinding weapons, laser missles, Electric weapon and etc. Emrgerging Technological Ethical Dilemmas 5. Wearable technology- suit human behavior and activities has capabiloity to expose provate details of lives 6. State sponsored hactivism and software- cyber war 7. Robots swarned – may malfunction and cause harm and accidents Emrgerging Technological Ethical Dilemmas 8. Artificial Life form- can be used a biological weapons 9. Resilient social ecological system- brought about poverty, economic globalization, natural phenomena like climate change and natural disater. 10. Brain to brain interfaces- communication without the used if speech, may cause accidental sharing of information or intellectual property. Why does the Future not need us Technology Driven Extinction and Displacement 1. Replaced by other species that adapted in changing world. 2. Reproduction might hindered by the effect of the pollution in the environment until the entire population reaches zero. 3. Climate change that devastated mankind Modern Tecnologies Possible Threat Extinction 1. Ozone layer depletion through chlorofluorocarbons 2. Usage of fossil fuel leading to global warming and climate change 3. Nuclear war and nuclear contamination 4. Plastics that kills marine animal 5. Petroleum based fertilizer- contaminate the bodies of water cause eutrophication 6. Habitat destruction- increase CO2 dues to deforestation contibuted to climate change Thank You!