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Questions and Answers
What is the basis of rational choice theory according to Aristotle?
Making rational choices
What are the products of man's rational choice in bioethical discussions?
Different norms, principles, values, and intuitions
Humans evolved from __________ species to walking upright individuals.
four-legged
What tools did early humans use for survival?
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Which animals were among the first to be domesticated?
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What characteristic of humans evolved to adapt to colder climates?
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What is one of the factors that led to larger and more complex human brains?
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Flourishing is solely about positive emotions.
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The theory of human flourishing rests on five pillars denoted by the mnemonic __________.
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What is included in Positive Emotion according to Well-Being Theory?
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What does Engagement refer to in Well-Being Theory?
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Study Notes
Rational Choice Theory
- Aristotle believed humans make choices based on reason.
- People select actions aligning with their preferences.
- This concept is vital in understanding decision-making.
Bioethics and Human Needs
- Diverse ethical principles reflect human efforts to satisfy material and spiritual needs.
- Bioethics discussions concern the impact of sciences like biotechnology and nanotechnology on humanity.
Human Evolution
Walking Upright
- Humans transitioned from quadrupedal to bipedal.
- This adaptation allowed for gathering food and shelter.
- It enabled better movement and adaptability to various environments.
Tool Use
- Humans developed tools for survival, including foraging, hunting, and fishing.
- Stone, wood, bone, and metal were used to create tools.
- Fire production & control emerged, followed by advanced toolmaking.
Animal Domestication
- Humans started by domesticating goats, sheep, and chickens.
- Later they domesticated larger animals like oxen and horses.
- Animals provided diverse resources such as food, clothing, medicine, and transportation.
Changes in Human Body
- Early humans had shorter bodies, longer digestive tracts, long arms, and short legs suited for a plant-based diet.
- Adaptation to different climates resulted in various body types.
- Long legs enabled travel, while compact bodies helped maintain warmth in colder regions.
- Skeletons became sleeker and weaker due to less physically demanding lifestyles and diets that included meat and cooked foods.
Complexity of the Brain
- Humans evolved larger, more complex brains capable of processing vast information.
- This facilitated social interactions and navigation of unfamiliar environments.
- The ability to process information about the surroundings was crucial for survival.
Human Flourishing
- Positive emotion: Contribute to a "pleasant life" by triggering well-being.
- Engagement: Leads to a "engaged life" through absorption in activities.
- Relationships: Facilitate connection and satisfaction.
- Meaning: Feelings of purpose and fulfillment in life.
- Accomplishment: Sense of achievement and progress.
Well-Being Theory
- Martin Seligman established the PERMA model for human flourishing.
- PERMA emphasizes that well-being goes beyond happiness.
- The model focuses on five crucial aspects of flourishing: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.
- The model emphasizes that individuals should strive for fulfillment in all areas of their life rather than just focusing on pleasure or happiness.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of human evolution, including bipedalism, tool use, and the domestication of animals. Additionally, learn about Rational Choice Theory and its role in decision-making. This quiz examines the interplay between human choices and evolutionary advancements.
