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Information Age/Computer Age is a stage in history described by the shift from traditional industry to industrial (aka Digital Age/New Media Age) revolution. Claude E. Shannon American mathematician who is known as the "father of Information Theory," Pre-mechanical...

Information Age/Computer Age is a stage in history described by the shift from traditional industry to industrial (aka Digital Age/New Media Age) revolution. Claude E. Shannon American mathematician who is known as the "father of Information Theory," Pre-mechanical The history of information technology and systems has 4 basic periods: Mechanical Electromechanical Electronic Pre-mechanical is considered as writing and alphabets--communication. The first humans communicated only through speaking and simple drawings known as petroglyths Petroglyphs Signs or simple figures carved in rock Pictographs Pictures or sketches that visually resemble which is depicted. Ideographs Symbols to represent ideas or concepts. Geometric signs with no apparent depicted object Printing Press by - A device that applies pressure to an inked surface lying on a medium, Johannes Gutenberg i.e., cloth or paper to transfer the ink hand - Invented by? The Press new branch of media was known as the era of mass communication. Electromechanical Communications needed calculations due to advancing trade and industry. Computers were people who compiled actuarial tables and did engineering calculations. Harvard Mark 1 An electromechanical machine 50 feet long capable of doing calculations in seconds Enigma used by Germans to transcribe their messages in encryption using a machine looked like an oversized typewriter Alan Turing English mathematician hired by the British top-secret Government to break the Enigma code Bombe Turing designed this machine. an electromechanical machine made the British able to read all daily German Naval Enigma traffic by searching through the permutations Turing Machine a theoretical machine, which can solve any problem from simple instructions encoded on a paper tape Computer the invention of a machine that can solve any problem by performing any task from a written program later Electronic A generation with “electronic brains” was born who wanted their own personal computers (PCs). Steve Wozniak built a simple computer around the 8080-microprocessor hooked up to a keyboard and television in 1976. Steve Jobs called the computer Apple I and sold replicates of this machine to a Silicon Valley shop. Bill Gates realized that PCs needed software and sold his Microsoft programs. Impacts of the Information Age Development of the information age from the discovery of printing press to the creation of social media platforms have impacted our lives individually and the society as a whole. Biodiversity the variety present in all forms of life. Walter Rosen Who coined the term “Biodiversity”? David Attenborough - British broadcaster, biologist, natural historian, and writer - Featured on the documentary “A Life on Our Planet” Genetic Biodiversity variation of genes within the species that gives distinction of one population from another even of the same species. Species Diversity variety of species within a particular region similar species are grouped together in families, families in orders up to kingdoms. Ecological Diversity the number of species in a community of organism’s variations of climatic and altitudinal conditions and ecological habitats Genetic Diversity Alleles of a single gene Organismal Diversity Differences in morphology, anatomy, behaviour Population Diversity Quantitative ecology-frequency, density, etc Species Diversity Species number in different genera Community Diversity Diversity in ecological interactions Ecosystem Diversity Interdependence of biotic and abiotic factors Landscape Diversity Species composition in different landscapes Biogeographic Diversity Diversity in geological and geographic history Species, ecosystem, biome Biodiversity indicates variations of 3 life forms? Health of ecosystem Biodiversity indicates what? Functioning of Climate Biodiversity is in part of the functioning of what? - Air quality What 5 services does biodiversity provide? - Climate seasons - Water purification - Pollination - Prevention of erosion - Nourisment 6 Biological resources provides us with? - Clothing - House - Fuel - Medicine - Revenue - Habitat destruction 4 major threats to biodiversity - Deforestation - Overuse of naturalresource - Pollution Agrobiodiversity is the biodiversity resulting from planned agricultural crops or livestock. GMO is the result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal. Transgenic organisms GMOs are also known as? Genetically Modified Crops (GMC) These are plants used in AGRICULTURE - the DNA of these PLANTS has been modified using genetic engineering methods. Agrobacterium tumefaciens which is naturally able to transfer DNA to plants, Gene gun shoots microscopic particles coated with DNA into the plant cell. Bacillus thuringiensis/ Bt is a common soil bacterium whose genome contains genes for several proteins toxic to insects. Genetical Modified Animals An animal that has had a change in its nuclear or mitochondrial DNA achieved through a deliberate human technological intervention. Cloning is the replication of certain cell types from a “parent” cell, or the replication of a certain part of the cell or DNA to propagate a particular desirable genetic trait. DNA Cloning is a molecular biology technique that makes many identical copies of a piece of DNA, such as gene. Therapeutic Cloning an embryo is created in a similar way, but the resulting “cloned” cells remain in a dish in the lab. Reproductive Cloning is used if the intention is to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently, or previously existing animal. Dolly She has been called "the world's most famous sheep" by sources including BBC News and Scientific American. Genetically Modified Humans Scientists have edited genes in human embryos in order to eliminate a mutation that causes thickening of the heart wall. Testing for Traits Unrelated to This sort of testing is a particularly attractive choice for individuals who are at risk Disease for diseases that have available preventative measures or treatments, Eugenics the social philosophy of promoting the improvement of inherited human traits through intervention. Eugenics was used to justify practices including involuntary sterilization and euthanasia. Gene Therapy A method just like having GMOs but normally adenovirus are used to introduce the modified DNA into a human cell, Designer Babies These babies were created with a method called cytoplasmic transfer. Super cows Is a breed that has a defective myostatin gene that results in double muscling. Sudden-Death Mosquitoes These types of mosquitoes have been genetically modified to develop resistance against the plasmodium parasite Glittering Gold Seahorses first ever genetically modified animal from Vietnam. Tilapia have been genetically modified to drastically reduce the time it takes for the fish to reach maturity, to make them larger, and to help them survive with less food. Lifestyle Pets The company claims that they are able to breed hypoallergenic pets by selecting cats and dogs that have “naturally occurring genetic divergences” for breeding. Clustered Regularly Interspaced is a technology that can be used to edit genes and, as such, will likely change Short Palindromic Repeats the world. CRISPR Stands for? Republic Act No. 9512 also known as the “National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008”. November of every year shall be known as the "Environmental Awareness Month" throughout the Philippines. Global Warming - Refers to the rise in global temperatures due mainly to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. - Refers to the long-term warming of the planet. Climate Change - Refers to the broader range of changes that are happening to our planet. - Encompasses global warming and includes rising sea levels; shrinking glaciers; accelerating ice melt Greenhouse Effect It is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by atmosphere gasses warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface. Plate Tectonics is the movement of the plates that also causes volcanoes and mountains to form and these too can contribute to a change in climate.