Information Age Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary significance of the Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg?

  • It enabled the storage of data in a digital format.
  • It revolutionized mechanical engineering processes.
  • It was the first electronic computer.
  • It allowed for the transfer of ink onto various media, facilitating mass communication. (correct)

Which period of information technology is characterized by writing and alphabets?

  • Pre-mechanical (correct)
  • Electromechanical
  • Electronic
  • Mechanical

What did Claude E. Shannon contribute to the field of information technology?

  • He created the Bombe machine.
  • He established the foundations of Information Theory. (correct)
  • He developed a new type of printing press.
  • He invented the first computer.

What was the primary use of the Enigma machine during World War II?

<p>To facilitate secure communications through encryption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is considered an early example of an electromechanical machine?

<p>Harvard Mark 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ideographs primarily used for?

<p>To symbolize ideas or concepts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who designed the Bombe machine used during WWII?

<p>Alan Turing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement characterized the Electromechanical period?

<p>Increased automation of communication processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of biodiversity refers to differences in morphology, anatomy, and behavior among organisms?

<p>Organismal diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service is NOT provided by biodiversity?

<p>Soil erosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the variety of species present in different landscapes?

<p>Landscape diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a major threat to biodiversity?

<p>Habitat destruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves extracting and artificially inserting genes from one species into another?

<p>Transgenic modification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is known for its ability to naturally transfer DNA to plants?

<p>Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diversity is illustrated by the variations in climatic and altitudinal conditions within a community?

<p>Ecosystem diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories encompasses the diversity of alleles for a given gene?

<p>Genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the electromechanical machine developed by the British during the war?

<p>To decipher all German Naval Enigma traffic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a Turing Machine?

<p>A theoretical device to solve problems with instructions on paper tape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred in 1976 related to personal computers?

<p>The launch of the Apple I computer by Steve Wozniak (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does genetic biodiversity refer to?

<p>The variation of genes within a species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'biodiversity'?

<p>Walter Rosen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the Information Age impacted society?

<p>By leading to the development of social media platforms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of biodiversity does species diversity refer to?

<p>The variety of species in a specific region (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Bill Gates play in the development of personal computers?

<p>He developed software that enhanced PC functionality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of genetically modifying Sudden-Death mosquitoes?

<p>To develop resistance against the plasmodium parasite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the genetic modification of Tilapia provide?

<p>Drastically reduces the time to reach maturity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Greenhouse Effect?

<p>It's the absorption and emission of radiation warming a planet's atmosphere. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about climate change is accurate?

<p>It includes both global warming and changes in sea levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CRISPR stand for?

<p>Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of DNA cloning?

<p>To generate identical copies of a piece of DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cloning aims to produce an animal with the same nuclear DNA as another existing animal?

<p>Reproductive Cloning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the social philosophy aiming to improve inherited human traits?

<p>Eugenics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant ethical concern related to genetically modified humans?

<p>The potential for creating superhumans with enhanced abilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of 'super cows'?

<p>They possess a defective myostatin gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines therapeutic cloning?

<p>Creating embryos that are used in therapeutic applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used in gene therapy to introduce modified DNA into human cells?

<p>Adenovirus method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of testing for traits unrelated to disease?

<p>To identify potential preventive measures or treatments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Information Age

A period marked by a shift from traditional industry to an industrial revolution driven by computers and digital technology.

Claude E. Shannon

An American mathematician considered the "father of Information Theory" for his groundbreaking work in communication and coding.

Pre-mechanical Era

The earliest stage of information technology marked by communication through writing, alphabets, and simple visual representations like petroglyphs.

Petroglyphs

Signs or simple figures carved into rock, often representing animals, people, or events.

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Pictographs

Pictures or sketches that visually resemble the object or concept they depict.

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Ideographs

Symbols that represent ideas or concepts, often abstract and not directly resembling the object.

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Printing Press

A device using pressure to transfer ink from an inked surface onto a medium like cloth or paper.

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Electromechanical Era

A stage where computing relied on complex machines that used a combination of electrical circuits and mechanical components for calculations.

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Sudden-Death Mosquitoes

Genetically modified mosquitoes engineered to resist the plasmodium parasite, the cause of malaria.

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Glittering Gold Seahorses

The first genetically modified animal from Vietnam.

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CRISPR

A technology used to edit genes, potentially changing the world.

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Global Warming

The gradual increase in Earth's average temperature, mainly caused by greenhouse gases.

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Climate Change

Broad changes affecting our planet, including global warming, rising sea levels, and melting glaciers.

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Ecological Diversity

The variety of species within a community, considering variations in climate, altitude, and ecological habitats.

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Genetic Diversity

Variations within a single gene, specifically the different forms of alleles.

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Organismal Diversity

Differences in physical traits, body structures, and behavior of organisms.

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Turing Machine

A theoretical machine capable of solving any problem by following instructions encoded on a paper tape.

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Species Diversity

The number of different species within a community.

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Ecosystem Diversity

The interdependence between living (biotic) organisms and non-living (abiotic) factors in an ecosystem.

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Computer

A machine that can solve problems by executing programs written in a specific language.

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Agrobiodiversity

Biodiversity created through agricultural practices, focusing on crops and livestock.

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Electronic Brains

The advent of computers with electronic processing capabilities led to the desire for personal computers (PCs).

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Apple I

A simple personal computer created by Steve Wozniak in 1976.

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GMO

A genetically modified organism created by transferring genes from one species to another.

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Genetically Modified Crops (GMC)

Plants used in agriculture whose DNA has been modified through genetic engineering.

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Impact of the Information Age

The development of technologies from the printing press to social media has transformed our lives individually and as a society.

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Biodiversity

The variety of all living organisms on Earth, encompassing different species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity.

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Species Diversity

The variety of species in a particular region, grouped by similar characteristics.

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Genetically Modified Animals

Animals whose genetic material has been altered through human intervention, using techniques like gene editing or cloning.

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Cloning

Creating an exact copy of a cell, a part of a cell, or a whole organism, by using genetic material from an existing source.

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DNA Cloning

The process of making multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence, like a gene, for research or other applications.

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Therapeutic Cloning

Creating cloned cells for research and medical purposes, where the cloned embryo is not meant for developing into a whole organism.

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Reproductive Cloning

Creating a genetically identical copy of an existing organism, with the intention of producing a living animal.

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Gene Therapy

Using modified viruses to deliver healthy genes into the body, potentially correcting genetic defects or treating diseases.

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Eugenics

A social philosophy that advocates for improving human characteristics by promoting selective breeding and other interventions.

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Designer Babies

Babies created through genetic modifications to select desirable traits, sometimes raising ethical concerns.

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Study Notes

Information Age/Computer Age

  • This era is marked by a shift from traditional industry to industrial revolution.
  • Information technology and systems have 4 main periods.

Pre-mechanical Period

  • Communication relied on writing and simple drawings (petroglyphs).
  • Pictographs and ideographs were used to represent ideas.

Mechanical Period

  • The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, revolutionized communication.

Electromechanical Period

  • Communications needed for trade and industry led to the development of calculating machines.
  • The Harvard Mark 1 was an electromechanical computer.
  • The Enigma machine was used for encryption (by Germans).
  • Alan Turing created the Bombe machine for code breaking.
  • Turing’s theoretical Turing Machine solved problems.

Electronic Period

  • Electronic computers were developed starting with the invention of programmable machines.
  • Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs created the Apple I computer.
  • Bill Gates created Microsoft programs.
  • Development of PCs, and social media.

Impacts of Information Age

  • Biodiversity: Varied forms of life (genes, species, ecological systems, etc.)
  • Genetic Biodiversity: Variations of genes within species.
  • Species Diversity: Number and variety of species.
  • Ecological Diversity: Variations in ecosystems (climatic, altitudinal, etc.)
  • Genetic Diversity: Variations within a single species' genes.
  • Organismal Diversity: Variations in morphology, anatomy, and behavior.
  • Population Diversity: Differences between populations.
  • Community Diversity: Variety of species in a community.
  • Ecosystem Diversity: Number and variety of ecosystems within a region.
  • Landscape Diversity: Variety in landscapes across space.
  • Biogeographic Diversity: Variations in species across geographical locations.
  • Origins of the term "Biodiversity": Coined by Walter Rosen, discussed by David Attenborough.
  • Featured in: Documentary "A Life on Our Planet."
  • Impact: Varied and ongoing impacts on individuals and society.

Biotechnology/Genetic Modifications

  • GMOs/Transgenic Organisms: Plants or animals with modified DNA through genetic engineering for agricultural use and other applications

  • Cloning: Creating genetically identical copies of an organism, including DNA, therapeutic, reproductive.

  • Dolly: Famous cloned sheep.

  • Genetically Modified Humans: Ethical considerations and possible uses of gene editing.

  • CRISPR: A gene editing technology with significant potential.

Environmental Issues

  • Global Warming: Increase in global temperatures (related to rising greenhouse gasses)
  • Climate Change: Broader term encompassing various environmental alterations and trends.
  • Greenhouse Effect: Atmosphere's absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing atmospheric warming.
  • Plate Tectonics: Movement of Earth’s plates impacting climate and formation of landforms.

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Description

Explore the evolution of communication technology from the pre-mechanical to the electronic periods. This quiz delves into significant inventions and figures that shaped the Information Age, including the printing press and early computers. Test your knowledge on how these advancements transformed industry and society.

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