Information Age Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary significance of the Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg?

  • It enabled the storage of data in a digital format.
  • It revolutionized mechanical engineering processes.
  • It was the first electronic computer.
  • It allowed for the transfer of ink onto various media, facilitating mass communication. (correct)

    • Which period of information technology is characterized by writing and alphabets?

  • Pre-mechanical (correct)
  • Electromechanical
  • Electronic
  • Mechanical

    • What did Claude E. Shannon contribute to the field of information technology?

  • He created the Bombe machine.
  • He established the foundations of Information Theory. (correct)
  • He developed a new type of printing press.
  • He invented the first computer.

    • What was the primary use of the Enigma machine during World War II?

    <p>To facilitate secure communications through encryption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is considered an early example of an electromechanical machine?

    <p>Harvard Mark 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ideographs primarily used for?

    <p>To symbolize ideas or concepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the Bombe machine used during WWII?

    <p>Alan Turing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement characterized the Electromechanical period?

    <p>Increased automation of communication processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of biodiversity refers to differences in morphology, anatomy, and behavior among organisms?

    <p>Organismal diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which service is NOT provided by biodiversity?

    <p>Soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the variety of species present in different landscapes?

    <p>Landscape diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a major threat to biodiversity?

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves extracting and artificially inserting genes from one species into another?

    <p>Transgenic modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is known for its ability to naturally transfer DNA to plants?

    <p>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diversity is illustrated by the variations in climatic and altitudinal conditions within a community?

    <p>Ecosystem diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories encompasses the diversity of alleles for a given gene?

    <p>Genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the electromechanical machine developed by the British during the war?

    <p>To decipher all German Naval Enigma traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a Turing Machine?

    <p>A theoretical device to solve problems with instructions on paper tape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant development occurred in 1976 related to personal computers?

    <p>The launch of the Apple I computer by Steve Wozniak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does genetic biodiversity refer to?

    <p>The variation of genes within a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'biodiversity'?

    <p>Walter Rosen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the Information Age impacted society?

    <p>By leading to the development of social media platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of biodiversity does species diversity refer to?

    <p>The variety of species in a specific region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Bill Gates play in the development of personal computers?

    <p>He developed software that enhanced PC functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of genetically modifying Sudden-Death mosquitoes?

    <p>To develop resistance against the plasmodium parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the genetic modification of Tilapia provide?

    <p>Drastically reduces the time to reach maturity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the Greenhouse Effect?

    <p>It's the absorption and emission of radiation warming a planet's atmosphere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about climate change is accurate?

    <p>It includes both global warming and changes in sea levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CRISPR stand for?

    <p>Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of DNA cloning?

    <p>To generate identical copies of a piece of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloning aims to produce an animal with the same nuclear DNA as another existing animal?

    <p>Reproductive Cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the social philosophy aiming to improve inherited human traits?

    <p>Eugenics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant ethical concern related to genetically modified humans?

    <p>The potential for creating superhumans with enhanced abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of 'super cows'?

    <p>They possess a defective myostatin gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines therapeutic cloning?

    <p>Creating embryos that are used in therapeutic applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used in gene therapy to introduce modified DNA into human cells?

    <p>Adenovirus method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of testing for traits unrelated to disease?

    <p>To identify potential preventive measures or treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Information Age/Computer Age

    • This era is marked by a shift from traditional industry to industrial revolution.
    • Information technology and systems have 4 main periods.

    Pre-mechanical Period

    • Communication relied on writing and simple drawings (petroglyphs).
    • Pictographs and ideographs were used to represent ideas.

    Mechanical Period

    • The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg, revolutionized communication.

    Electromechanical Period

    • Communications needed for trade and industry led to the development of calculating machines.
    • The Harvard Mark 1 was an electromechanical computer.
    • The Enigma machine was used for encryption (by Germans).
    • Alan Turing created the Bombe machine for code breaking.
    • Turing’s theoretical Turing Machine solved problems.

    Electronic Period

    • Electronic computers were developed starting with the invention of programmable machines.
    • Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs created the Apple I computer.
    • Bill Gates created Microsoft programs.
    • Development of PCs, and social media.

    Impacts of Information Age

    • Biodiversity: Varied forms of life (genes, species, ecological systems, etc.)
    • Genetic Biodiversity: Variations of genes within species.
    • Species Diversity: Number and variety of species.
    • Ecological Diversity: Variations in ecosystems (climatic, altitudinal, etc.)
    • Genetic Diversity: Variations within a single species' genes.
    • Organismal Diversity: Variations in morphology, anatomy, and behavior.
    • Population Diversity: Differences between populations.
    • Community Diversity: Variety of species in a community.
    • Ecosystem Diversity: Number and variety of ecosystems within a region.
    • Landscape Diversity: Variety in landscapes across space.
    • Biogeographic Diversity: Variations in species across geographical locations.
    • Origins of the term "Biodiversity": Coined by Walter Rosen, discussed by David Attenborough.
    • Featured in: Documentary "A Life on Our Planet."
    • Impact: Varied and ongoing impacts on individuals and society.

    Biotechnology/Genetic Modifications

    • GMOs/Transgenic Organisms: Plants or animals with modified DNA through genetic engineering for agricultural use and other applications

    • Cloning: Creating genetically identical copies of an organism, including DNA, therapeutic, reproductive.

    • Dolly: Famous cloned sheep.

    • Genetically Modified Humans: Ethical considerations and possible uses of gene editing.

    • CRISPR: A gene editing technology with significant potential.

    Environmental Issues

    • Global Warming: Increase in global temperatures (related to rising greenhouse gasses)
    • Climate Change: Broader term encompassing various environmental alterations and trends.
    • Greenhouse Effect: Atmosphere's absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing atmospheric warming.
    • Plate Tectonics: Movement of Earth’s plates impacting climate and formation of landforms.

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    Description

    Explore the evolution of communication technology from the pre-mechanical to the electronic periods. This quiz delves into significant inventions and figures that shaped the Information Age, including the printing press and early computers. Test your knowledge on how these advancements transformed industry and society.

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