Step Ahead Revision and Warm up 1st prep PDF

‫‪Pronunciation Review‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪Pronunciation‬‬ ‫‪A‬...

‫‪Pronunciation Review‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪Pronunciation‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪Short and long vowel sounds:‬‬ ‫‪Short vowel sounds‬‬ ‫‪Long vowel sounds‬‬ ‫أصوات متحركة قصيرة في النطق‬ ‫أصوات متحركة طويلة في النطق‬ ‫‪bag‬‬ ‫‪/æ/‬‬ ‫حقيبة‬ ‫‪cake‬‬ ‫‪/eɪ/‬‬ ‫كيك ‪ -‬كعكة‬ ‫‪mix‬‬ ‫‪/ɪ/‬‬ ‫يخلط ‪ -‬يمزج‬ ‫‪nose‬‬ ‫‪/əʊ/‬‬ ‫أنف‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪mom‬‬ ‫‪/ɒ/‬‬ ‫أم‬ ‫‪rice‬‬ ‫‪/aɪ/‬‬ ‫أرز‬ ‫الحظ أن‪:‬‬ ‫حرف الـ "‪ "e‬إن أتى في نهاية الكلمة القصيرة التي تتكون من مقطع واحد ال ينطق ولكنه‬ ‫يتسبب في تغيير نطق الحرف المتحرك الذي يسبقه من نطق قصير إلى طويل مثل‪:‬‬ ‫‪Short vowel sounds‬‬ ‫‪Long vowel sounds‬‬ ‫أصوات متحركة قصيرة في النطق‬ ‫أصوات متحركة طويلة في النطق‬ ‫‪car‬‬ ‫سيارة‬ ‫‪care‬‬ ‫عناية‬ ‫‪tap‬‬ ‫حنفية‬ ‫‪tape‬‬ ‫شريط‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫‪fat‬‬ ‫سمين‬ ‫‪fate‬‬ ‫قدر ‪ -‬مصير‬ ‫‪Pronunciation:‬‬ ‫‪ ome words are hard to say because there are three consonants‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪together.‬‬ ‫بعض الكلمات تكون صعبة النطق ألنها تبدأ بثالثة حروف ساكنة‬ ‫( ‪.)str.... - scr.... - thr....‬‬ ‫‪str...‬‬ ‫‪strawberry‬‬ ‫فراولة‬ ‫‪street‬‬ ‫شارع‬ ‫‪string‬‬ ‫خيط‬ ‫‪strong‬‬ ‫قوي‬ ‫‪scratch‬‬ ‫يخدش‬ ‫‪screen‬‬ ‫شاشة‬ ‫‪scr...‬‬ ‫‪screw‬‬ ‫مسمار برمة‬ ‫‪scream‬‬ ‫يصرخ‬ ‫‪thr...‬‬ ‫‪throne‬‬ ‫كرسي العرش‬ ‫‪throw‬‬ ‫يقذف ‪ -‬يرمي‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪throat‬‬ ‫حلق ‪ -‬حنجرة‬ ‫‪through‬‬ ‫خالل ‪ -‬من خالل‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ Pronunciation Review Step Ahead The /f/ and /v/ sounds: Tip! Touch your neck with your finger. Say ‘fish’. Your neck doesn’t move. Say ‘van’. What do you feel? ‫ ستالحظ‬،)fish( ‫المس رقبتك بإصبعك وانطق كلمة‬.)van( ‫ ولكن انطق كلمة‬.‫أن أحبالك الصوتية ال تتحرك‬ ‫بماذا تشعر؟ (بالطبع ستتحرك أحبالك الصوتية أثناء‬.)”v“ ‫نطق حرف الـ‬ /f/ /v/ face ‫وجه‬ cave ‫كهف‬ fan ‫مروحة‬ living room ‫حجرة معيشة‬ foot ‫قدم‬ van ‫عربة مغلقة‬ fish ‫سمكة‬ vegetables ‫خضراوات‬ Syllable ‫المقطع‬ A syllable is a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound. ‫ والمقطــع هــو جــزء مــن‬.‫الكلمــة فــي اللغــة اإلنجليزيــة تتكــون مــن مقطــع واحــد أو أكثــر‬ :‫ الحــظ عــدد المقاطــع فــي الكلمــات اآلتيــة‬.‫الكلمــة يحتــوي علــى صــوت حــرف متحــرك واحــد‬ Word Syllables Word Syllables el.ec.tri.cian 4 plumb.er 2 teach.er 2 me.chan.ic 3 build.er 2 den.tist 2 col.lec.tor 3 doc.tor 2 ar.chi.tect 3 tax.i driv.er 4 Connect Primary 3 Pronunciation Review Step Ahead Stress ‫التشديد‬ ُْ ِّ َ ُ ْ ُ.‫هر أو نميز أو نب ِرز مقطع معين في الكلمة في النطق أكثر من غيره‬ ِ ‫التشديد هو أن نظ‬ :‫الحظ المقطع الذي يكون عليه التشديد في الكلمات اآلتية‬ plumb.er den.tist teach.er me.chan.ic build.er doc.tor Stressed syllable ‫المقطع المشدد‬ Most two syllable words have the stress on the first syllable..‫المقطع المشدد في معظم الكلمات ذات المقطعین ھو المقطع األول‬  hree syllable words can have the stress on the first, the second or T the third syllable. ‫المقطــع المشــدد فــي الكلمــات ذات الثــاث مقاطــع إمــا أن یكــون المقطــع األول أو المقطــع‬.‫الثانــي أو المقطــع الثالــث‬ Two-syllable words Three-syllable words weath-er ‫ طقس‬pel-i-can ‫بجعة‬ fal-con ‫ صقر‬fla-min-go ‫طائر الفالمنجو‬ care-ful ‫ حذر‬- ‫ حريص‬suc-cess-ful ‫ موفق‬- ‫ناجح‬ Weather has 2 syllables and the stress is on the first syllable. Falcon has 2 syllables and the stress is on the first syllable. Careful has 2 syllables and the stress is on the first syllable. Pelican has 3 syllables and the stress is on the first syllable. Flamingo has 3 syllables and the stress is on the second syllable. Successful has 3 syllables and the stress is on the second syllable. 4 Step Ahead ‫‪Pronunciation Review‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ ‫‪The (sh), (ch)&(tch) sounds:‬‬ ‫)‪(sh‬‬ ‫)‪(ch‬‬ ‫)‪(tch‬‬ ‫‪fish‬‬ ‫‪ rich‬سمكة‬ ‫‪ catch‬غني‬ ‫يمسك‬ ‫‪shoe‬‬ ‫‪ chop‬حذاء‬ ‫‪ watch‬يقطع‬ ‫يشاهد‬ ‫‪shop‬‬ ‫‪ chip‬محل – يتسوق‬ ‫‪ kitchen‬رقاقة – شريحة‬ ‫مطبخ‬ ‫‪sheep‬‬ ‫‪ chicken‬خروف‬ ‫دجاجة‬ ‫‪shirt‬‬ ‫‪ reach‬قميص‬ ‫يصل‬ ‫‪ship‬‬ ‫‪ cheese‬سفينة‬ ‫جبن‬ ‫‪cash‬‬ ‫نقود‬ ‫‪wash‬‬ ‫يغسل‬ ‫‪dishes‬‬ ‫أطباق‬ ‫َ َ َ‬ ‫‪shell‬‬ ‫صدفة‬ ‫‪The past simple endings (/d/ - /t/ - /d/).‬‬ ‫ ‪The past simple endings (/d/ - /t/ - /ɪd/).‬‬ ‫ينطق الحرفان (‪ )ed‬في نهاية الفعل في التصريف الثاني أو الثالث المنتظم بأكثر‬ ‫ً ُْ‬ ‫ً ُْ‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ‬ ‫من نطق‪ ،‬فبعض األفعال تنطق الـ (‪ )ed‬فيها ‪ ،/d/‬وأحيانا تنطق ‪ ،/t/‬وأحيانا تنطق‪./ɪd/‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫إذا انتهى الفعل باألصوات اآلتية‬ ‫‪/d/‬‬ ‫تنطق‬ ‫( ‪-/b/ - /g/ - /l/ - /m/ - /n/ - /r/ - /v/ - /z/ - /ð/ - /ʒ/ - /dʒ/‬صوت متحرك ‪(vowel‬‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫إذا انتهى الفعل باألصوات اآلتية (‪)/p/ - /k/ - /ʃ/ - /f/ - /s/ - /tʃ/ /θ /‬‬ ‫‪/t/‬‬ ‫تنطق‬ ‫ُْ َ‬ ‫إذا انتهى الفعل باألصوات اآلتية (‪)/t / - / d /‬‬ ‫‪/ ɪd/‬‬ ‫تنطق‬ ‫‪Connect Primary‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ Pronunciation Review Step Ahead /d/ /t/ /ɪd/ listened liked collected turned checked harvested /n/ happened looked planted opened talked protected rained cleaned picked competed thanked visited loved /k/ cooked connected moved believed packed celebrated /v/ arrived hiked created received knocked /t/ invited lived walked respected /g/ belonged worked rested / d/ changed asked polluted damaged started helped watered waited jumped remembered /p/ tasted numbered stopped /r/ painted prepared shopped covered counted reached wanted carried /tʃ/ stretched /b/ grabbed provided watched described added boiled mixed decided /l/ controlled practiced /d/ included traveled danced needed /s/ called missed tidied borrowed produced studied vowel showed fixed slowed agreed stuffed /f/ caused laughed /z/ raised finished closed /ʃ/ washed /m/ named climbed 6 Step Ahead Pronunciation Review Step Ahead Words with diphthongs: /a Ʊ/ /aɪ/ / ɔɪ/ down why boy town - brown light - buy enjoy - point loud - mouse try - eye noise - toy silent (gh) (gh) /f/ through ‫ خالل‬laugh ‫يضحك‬ ْ َ bought ‫ اشترى‬laughter (n) ‫ض ِحك‬ drought ‫ جفاف‬enough ‫كاف‬ ِ َ daughter ‫ ابنة‬rough ‫ و ِعر‬- ‫خشن‬ ِ thought ‫ اعتقد‬tough ‫ صعب‬- ‫قاس‬ ٍ َ َ brought ‫ أحضر‬coughed ‫ سعل‬- ‫كح‬ The /p/ and /b/ sounds: sounds How to distinguish the /p/ and /b/ sounds: /p/ /b/ ِّ ُ ُ pear ‫كمثرى‬ bear ‫دب‬ pea ‫بسلة‬- ‫بازالء‬ bee ‫نحلة‬ ْ َ pull ‫ يسحب‬- ‫يشد‬ bull ‫ثور‬ peach ‫خوخة‬ beach ‫شاطئ‬ Connect Primary 7 Pronunciation Review Step Ahead We make the sounds /p/ and /b/ at the front of our mouths, by pressing our lips together. But they are very different. The /p/ sound is unvoiced. This means air comes out of our mouth when we say it. Try it: put a piece of paper in front of your mouth. When you say /p/, the paper moves. The /b/ sound is voiced: the paper doesn’t move when you say it. Try it! : /b/ - /p/ ‫صوتي‬ ْ ‫الحظ الفرق بين ن ُ ْطق‬ ‫" أي عند ن ُ ْطق هذا الصوت ال تتحرك‬unvoiced" ‫ هو صوت من األصوات الـ‬/p/.‫األحبال الصوتية أثناء نطقه وهذا يعنى خروج بعض الهواء أثناء نطقه‬.‫ تتحرك الورقة‬/p/ ‫ عندما تنطق‬،‫جرب أن تضع قطعة من الورق أمام فمك‬ ‫" أي عند ن ُ ْطق هذا الصوت يحدث تحرك‬voiced" ‫ هو صوت من األصوات الـ‬/b/ ‫أما‬.‫فى األحبال الصوتية وال يخرج هواء‬.‫ ال تتحرك الورقة‬/b/ ‫ عندما تنطق‬،‫جرب أن تضع قطعة من الورق أمام فمك‬ 8 Step Ahead Vocabulary Review Step Ahead (A) Vocabulary Review People ‫كلمات إضافية‬ archaeologist ‫عالم آثار‬ princess ‫أميرة‬ author ‫مؤلف‬ queen ‫ملكة‬ explorer ‫مستكشف‬ relatives ‫أقارب‬ guest ‫ضيف‬ seeker ‫باحث‬ king ‫ملك‬ ِ shepherd ‫راع‬ ٍ neighbor ‫جار‬ staff ‫طاقم عمل‬ patient ‫مريض‬ tourist ‫سائح‬ player ‫العب‬ villagers ‫قرويون‬ prince ‫أمير‬ visitor ‫زائر‬ Animals & Birds ‫كلمات إضافية‬ baboon ‫قرد البابون‬ lion ‫أسد‬ bat ‫خفاش‬ mice ‫فئران‬ dolphin ‫دولفين‬ monkey ‫قرد‬ dromedaries ‫الجمال العربية‬ ِ panda ‫دب الباندا‬ dugong (sea cow) )‫أطوم (بقرة البحر‬ parrot ‫ببغاء‬ eagle ‫نسر‬ pelican ‫بجعة‬ falcon ‫صقر‬ penguin ‫بطريق‬ flamingo ‫طائر الفالمنجو‬ sheep ‫خروف‬ Connect Primary 9 Vocabulary Review Step Ahead hare ‫أرنب بري‬ snail ‫حلزون‬ hippo ‫فرس النهر‬ sparrow ‫عصفور‬ َ َّ َ kangaroo ‫كنغر‬ swift ‫طائر السمامة‬ ْ َ kingfisher ‫طائر الرفراف‬ wolf ‫ذئب‬ Places ‫كلمات إضافية‬ beach ‫شاطئ‬ lake ‫بحيرة‬ building ‫مبنى‬ market ‫سوق‬ city ‫مدينة‬ mountain ‫جبل‬ company ‫شركة‬ museum ‫متحف‬ corner ‫ زاوية‬- ‫ركن‬ oasis ‫واحة‬ desert ‫صحراء‬ palace ‫قصر‬ destination ‫ المكان المقصود‬- ‫الغاية‬ puddle ‫ِبركة ماء‬ factory ‫مصنع‬ restaurant ‫مطعم‬ forest ‫غابة‬ river ‫نهر‬ grassland ‫أرض عشبية‬ square ‫ميدان‬ habitat ‫موطن طبيعي‬ town ‫مدينة صغيرة‬ hotel ‫فندق‬ village ‫قرية‬ Body & Health Problems ankle ‫الكاحل‬ shoulder ‫كتف‬ backache ‫ألم في الظهر‬ skin ‫جلد‬ bacteria ‫بكتيريا‬ sore throat ‫التهاب في الحلق‬ bandage ‫ضمادة‬ stomach ‫معدة‬ 10 Step Ahead ‫‪Vocabulary Review‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ ‫‪earache‬‬ ‫ألم في األذن‬ ‫‪stomachache‬‬ ‫ألم في المعدة‬ ‫‪headache‬‬ ‫ألم في الرأس ‪ -‬صداع‬ ‫‪sunburn‬‬ ‫التعرض لحروق الشمس‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫‪illness‬‬ ‫مرض‬ ‫‪sunscreen‬‬ ‫واق من الشمس‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫كريم‬ ‫‪injection‬‬ ‫حقنة‬ ‫‪toothache‬‬ ‫ألم في األسنان‬ ‫‪injuries‬‬ ‫إصابات‬ ‫‪treating illnesses‬‬ ‫عالج األمراض‬ ‫‪medical care‬‬ ‫رعاية طبية‬ ‫‪treatment‬‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫‪pills‬‬ ‫حبوب دواء‬ ‫‪wounds‬‬ ‫جروح‬ ‫‪Foods & Drinks‬‬ ‫كلمات إضافية‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪bread‬‬ ‫خبز‬ ‫‪herbs‬‬ ‫أعشاب‬ ‫‪cake‬‬ ‫كعكة‬ ‫‪honey‬‬ ‫عسل نحل‬ ‫‪cheese‬‬ ‫جبن‬ ‫‪meal‬‬ ‫وجبة‬ ‫‪chocolate‬‬ ‫شوكوالتة‬ ‫‪meat‬‬ ‫لحم‬ ‫‪cuisine‬‬ ‫طعام خاص ببلد معينة‬ ‫‪nuts‬‬ ‫مكسرات‬ ‫‪dessert‬‬ ‫تحلية‬ ‫‪pizza‬‬ ‫بيتزا‬ ‫‪dish‬‬ ‫طبق ‪ -‬أكلة‬ ‫‪yogurt‬‬ ‫زبادي‬ ‫‪Transportation‬‬ ‫كلمات إضافية‬ ‫‪airport‬‬ ‫مطار‬ ‫‪rail‬‬ ‫سكة حديد‬ ‫‪ambulance‬‬ ‫سيارة إسعاف‬ ‫‪road‬‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫‪boat‬‬ ‫قارب‬ ‫‪ship‬‬ ‫سفينة‬ ‫‪bus‬‬ ‫أتوبيس‬ ‫‪station‬‬ ‫محطة‬ ‫‪car‬‬ ‫سيارة‬ ‫‪taxi‬‬ ‫تاكسي (سيارة أجرة)‬ ‫‪metro‬‬ ‫مترو (قطار األنفاق)‬ ‫‪train‬‬ ‫قطار‬ ‫‪motorbike‬‬ ‫دراجة بخارية‬ ‫‪truck‬‬ ‫شاحنة‬ ‫َ ْ َ‬ ‫‪plane‬‬ ‫طائرة‬ ‫‪vehicle‬‬ ‫مركبة (أي وسيلة نقل على األرض)‬ ‫‪public transportation‬‬ ‫وسائل النقل العام‬ ‫‪Connect Primary‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ Vocabulary Review Step Ahead Materials ‫كلمات إضافية‬ bronze ‫برونز‬ jewelry ‫مجوهرات‬ copper ‫نحاس‬ metal ‫معدن‬ gold ‫ذهب‬ silver ‫فضة‬ َ َ iron ‫حديد‬ stone ‫حجر‬ Other Words ‫كلمات إضافية‬ address ‫عنوان‬ legend ‫أسطورة‬ adult ‫شخص بالغ‬ light bulb ‫مصباح كهربائي‬ adventure ‫مغامرة‬ lights ‫أضواء‬ ُّ air pollution ‫تلوث الهواء‬ mask ‫كمامة‬ armchair ‫كرسي له ذراعين‬ memories ‫ذكريات‬ art works ‫أعمال فنية‬ message ‫رسالة‬ artifacts ‫ قطع أثرية‬- ‫تحف‬ meteorites ‫ أحجار نيزكية‬- ‫نيازك‬ award ‫جائزة رسمية‬ monuments ‫آثار‬ َ ْ ُ backpack ‫حقيبة تحمل على الظهر‬ moral ‫ عبرة‬- ‫درس أخالقي‬ َ ْ ُ balcony ‫ شرفة‬- ‫بلكونة‬ mud bricks )‫طوب طيني (من الطين‬ bathroom ‫حمام‬ nature ‫الطبيعة‬ bedroom ‫حجرة نوم‬ nickname ‫ كنية‬- ‫لقب‬ bench ‫مقعد‬ oven ‫فرن‬ biography ‫سيرة ذاتية‬ picnic ‫نزهة‬ َّ blog ‫مدونة‬ poster ‫ملصق‬ blogging ‫التدوين‬ present ‫هدية‬ branch ‫فرع‬ presentation ‫ تقديم‬- ‫عرض‬ building materials ‫مواد البناء‬ pros ‫ مميزات‬- ‫إيجابيات‬ 12 Step Ahead Vocabulary Review Step Ahead button ‫ زرار‬- ‫ِزر‬ reason ‫سبب‬ ْ candle ‫شمعة‬ research ‫ دراسة‬- ‫بحث‬ caravan ‫قافلة‬ rest ‫استراحة‬ celebration ‫احتفال‬ rice straw ‫قش األرز‬ cell phone ‫هاتف خلوي‬ rocks ‫صخور‬ chameleon ‫حرباء‬ rollerblades ‫حذاء به عجالت للتزحلق‬ charity ‫مؤسسة خيرية‬ rules ‫قواعد‬ chat ‫دردشة‬ safety ‫السالمة‬ chemicals ‫مواد كيميائية‬ sand dunes ‫كثبان رملية‬ Christmas tree ‫شجرة عيد الميالد‬ scepter ‫صولجان‬ civilization ‫حضارة‬ screen ‫شاشة‬ climate ‫مناخ‬ sculptures ‫ منحوتات‬- ‫تماثيل‬ closet ‫ دوالب‬- ‫ِخزانة‬ controller ‫جهاز (ذراع) التحكم‬ computer games ‫ألعاب الكمبيوتر‬ joystick ‫عصا التحكم‬ confidence ‫ثقة‬ community ‫مجتمع‬ cons ‫ عيوب‬- ‫سلبيات‬ landscape ‫منظر طبيعي‬ ُ crash ‫تصادم‬ leaflet ‫ منشور‬- ‫نشرة‬ crops ‫محاصيل‬ seat belt ‫حزام األمان‬ ْ َ crowd ‫ حشد‬- ‫جمهور‬ shelter ‫مأوى‬ ُ crown ‫تاج‬ shower ‫دش‬ culture ‫ثقافة‬ sightseeing ‫زيارة المعالم السياحية‬ cushion ‫ مخدة‬- ‫وسادة‬ skateboard ‫لوح تزلج‬ cycle lanes ‫ممرات للدراجات‬ left ‫متبقي‬ dagger ‫خنجر‬ soap ‫صابون‬ Connect Primary 13 Vocabulary Review Step Ahead danger ‫خطر‬ inspiration ‫إلهام‬ diary ‫يوميات‬ social media ‫وسائل التواصل االجتماعي‬ ْ َ discount ‫خصم‬ space ‫ فراغ‬- ‫مساحة‬ discovery ‫اكتشاف‬ stars ‫نجوم‬ donations ‫تبرعات‬ statue ‫تمثال‬ ecological ‫بيئي‬ sunset ‫غروب الشمس‬ eco-tourism ‫سياحة بيئية‬ symbol ‫رمز‬ electricity ‫كهرباء‬ team ‫فريق‬ energy ‫طاقة‬ thoughts ‫ معتقدات‬- ‫أفكار‬ experiences ‫ خبرات‬- ‫تجارب‬ throne ‫كرسي العرش‬ farmhouse ‫منزل ريفي‬ trip ‫رحلة‬ festival ‫احتفال‬ trunk ‫ِجذع‬ fireworks ‫ألعاب نارية‬ vacation ‫ عطلة‬- ‫إجازة‬ furniture ‫أثاث‬ voyage ‫رحلة بحرية‬ gate ‫بوابة‬ wax ‫شمع‬ ground ‫أرض‬ weapons ‫أسلحة‬ gymnasium ‫صالة األلعاب الرياضية‬ weather ‫طقس‬ handle ‫مقبض‬ website ‫موقع إلكتروني‬ heading ‫عنوان‬ wedding ‫حفل زفاف‬ helmet ‫خوذة‬ wick ‫فتيل‬ hole ‫ حفرة‬- ‫فتحة‬ winner ‫فائز‬ information ‫معلومات‬ wipes ‫مناديل‬ invitation ‫دعوة‬ 14 Step Ahead Vocabulary Review Step Ahead Adjectives ‫كلمات إضافية‬ alive ‫ على قيد الحياة‬- ‫حي‬ hospitable ‫ مضياف‬- ‫كريم‬ astonished ‫مندهش‬ jealous ‫ غيران‬- ‫غيور‬ bright ‫ساطع‬ lovely ‫جميل‬ calm ‫هادئ‬ messy ‫فوضوي‬ َ careful ‫ ح ِذر‬- ‫حريص‬ missing ‫مفقود‬ َّ َ ُ colored ‫ملون‬ modern ‫ عصري‬- ‫حديث‬ َ creative ‫ مبتكر‬- ‫مبدع‬ nervous ‫ ق ِلق‬- ‫متوتر‬ curious ‫فضولي‬ noisy ‫ مزعج‬- ‫صاخب‬ َّ َ ُ deep ‫عميق‬ organized ‫منظم‬ delighted ‫ مسرور‬- ‫سعيد‬ popular ‫شائع‬ ِّ eco-friendly ‫صديق للبيئة‬ precious ‫ قيم‬- ‫ثمين‬ energy-saving ‫موفر للطاقة‬ proud ‫فخور‬ excited ‫ فرحان‬- ‫متحمس‬ round ‫مستدير‬ َ َ exciting ‫مثير‬ royal ‫ملكي‬ َ ُ exhausted ‫منهك‬ safe ‫آمن‬ ِ friendly ‫ودود‬ scared ‫ خائف‬- ‫مرعوب‬ َّ َ ُ frozen ‫مثلج‬ selfish ‫أناني‬ giant ‫عمالق‬ shocked ‫مصدوم‬ healthy ‫صحي‬ sick ‫مريض‬ Connect Primary 15 Vocabulary Review Step Ahead Irregular verbs ‫أفعال غير منتظمة وتصريفاتها‬ Present Past PP bear ‫ت ِلد‬ bore born become ‫يصبح‬ became become begin ‫يبدأ‬ began begun break ‫يكسر‬ broke broken ْ ُ bring ‫ يجلب‬- ‫يح ِضر‬ brought brought build ‫يبني‬ built built burn ‫ يحرق‬- ‫ يحترق‬burned (burnt) burned (burnt) buy ‫يشتري‬ bought bought choose ‫يختار‬ chose chosen come ‫يأتي‬ came come come back ‫يعود‬ came back come back come down ‫ينزل‬ came down come down do ‫يفعل‬ did done eat ‫يأكل‬ ate eaten ُ feed ‫طعم‬ ِ ‫ي‬ fed fed feel ‫يشعر‬ felt felt find ‫يجد‬ found found find out ‫يكتشف‬ found out found out get ‫يحصل على‬ got got (gotten) ُ get older ‫يكبر‬ got older got older get to ‫يصل إلى‬ got to got to 16 Step Ahead Vocabulary Review Step Ahead Present Past PP get up ‫ يستيقظ‬- ‫ينهض‬ got up got up give ‫يعطي‬ gave given give out ‫يعطي‬ gave out given out go ‫يذهب‬ went gone grow ‫يزرع‬ grew grown grow up ‫يكبر‬ grew up grown up have ‫ يمتلك‬- ‫يملك‬ had had have fun ‫يستمتع‬ had fun had fun ُ have to ‫ ال بد‬- ‫يجب أن‬ had to had to hear ‫يسمع‬ heard heard hold ‫ يحتفظ بـ‬- ‫يمسك‬ held held keep (animal) ‫يربي‬ kept kept know ‫يعرف‬ knew known leave ‫ يغادر‬- ‫يترك‬ left left lose ‫يخسر‬ lost lost make ‫ يجعل‬- ‫يصنع‬ made made make sure ‫يتأكد‬ made sure made sure mean ‫يعني‬ meant meant put ‫يضع‬ put put ً put away ‫يضع بعيدا‬ put away put away read ‫يقرأ‬ read read run ‫يجري‬ ran run say ‫يقول‬ said said see ‫يرى‬ saw seen Connect Primary 17 Vocabulary Review Step Ahead Present Past PP sell ‫يبيع‬ sold sold send ‫يرسل‬ sent sent ً ً set (a record) ‫يسجل رقما قياسيا‬ set set shine ‫يشرق‬ shone (shined) shone (shined) ُ show ‫ظهر‬ ِ ‫ي‬ showed showed (shown) ُ take part ‫يشارك‬ took part taken part َ ُ teach ‫يد ِرس‬ taught taught tell ‫يخبر‬ told told think ‫ يظن‬- ‫يعتقد‬ thought thought ً throw away ‫يرمي بعيدا‬ threw away thrown away wear ‫يرتدي‬ wore worn win ‫يفوز‬ won won write ‫يكتب‬ wrote written Exercises on Vocabulary Choose the correct answer: 1. A /An (archaeologist - neighbor - shepherd) looks after sheep in the fields. 2. A lot of (tourists - thieves - guides) come to visit Egypt every year. 3. (Astronauts - Archaeologist - Artists) always examine artifacts and sites. 4. We usually have (explorers - princes - visitors) at our home on the weekends. 5. A new (neighbor - guest - visitor) came to live next to us last week. 6. The (dolphin - monkey - bat) is an intelligent sea animal. 18 Step Ahead Vocabulary Review Step Ahead 7. (Penguins - Lions - Giraffes) live in very cold areas. 8. Hurghada is still our most popular holiday (habitat - destination - home). 9. We booked two tables at our favorite (museum - restaurant - factory). 10. The (palace - house - block) where the king and the queen live is huge. 11. The lions’ natural (house - nest - habitat) is the jungle. 12. Many drivers suffer from (backpack - backache - backward). 13. Crocodiles’ (skins - wounds - clothes) are very expensive. 14. The woman died as a result of her (injuries - tasks - works). 15. Without this (screen - sunglasses - sunscreen), more people will get sunburn. 16. This medicine is an effective cure for a (headache - header - heading). 17. Six soldiers have died from their (awards - wonders - wounds). 18. After dinner, we had ice cream for (desert - dessert - dresses). 19. Try this new (dish - plate - ingredient), created by our chef. 20. The Indians always use fresh (crops - rules - herbs) for their food. 21. Lunch is his main (mail - meal - male) of the day. 22. The injured man was taken to the hospital by (ambulance - trolley - metro). 23.  The new city needs a cheap and comfortable system of public (translation - transformation - transportation). 24. This street is too narrow for a (bike - truck - track). 25. The express train does not stop at this (state - step - station). 26. Some coins are made of (paper - silver - clay). 27. Aluminum is a kind of (energy - food - metal). 28. My grandmother wears a lot of gold (jewelry - pastry - grocery). 29. A  dham is a polite boy; he never (respects - helps - bullies) his classmates. 30. W  e will (celebrate - volunteer - contact) my little brother’s birthday on Friday. Connect Primary 19 Vocabulary Review Step Ahead 31. It’s easier to (recycle - cycle - circle) with the wind behind you. 32. The robbers wore masks to (ride - wrap - hide) their faces. 33. All students should (respect - bully - forget) their teachers. 34. M  any people (volunteered - breathed - represented) to help in cleaning the city. 35. Be (careless - care - careful) with that sharp knife. 36. L  aila is very (alive - creative - expensive) and always comes up with new ideas. 37. I must get some sleep; I’m (exhausted - organized - healthy). 38. Regular exercise is part of a (healthy - health - unhealthy) lifestyle. 39. Egypt is famous for its ancient (moments - memories - monuments). 40. The villagers are very (giant - hospitable - precious) to anyone who passes through. 41. Shahd cooks really well but she’s rather (messy - missing - organized). 42. Mr. Hasan was (hospitable - creative - proud) of his son’s achievement. 43. The trip to the mountains was an (adventure - monument - presentation) for the boys. 44. The museum has a precious collection of (artifacts - awards - prizes). 45. Maged has happy (monuments - memories - mommies) of his school. 46. This (charity - vacation - culture) aims to help people who have lost their homes. 47. Dalia records everything that happens to her in her (dairy - diary - date). 48. This park would be a good place for a (voyage - picnic - swim). 49. All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ (safety - experience - invitation). 50. Poets and artists often draw their (translation - vacation - inspiration) from nature. 20 Step Ahead ‫‪Language Notes Review‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ ‫‪Language Notes‬‬ ‫ ‪On the one hand‬‬ ‫من جانب‬ ‫‪On the one hand, mail carriers walk all day and get a lot of exercise.‬‬ ‫ ‪On the other hand‬‬ ‫على الجانب اآلخر‬ ‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪ n the other hand, the mail bag is very heavy.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫الحظ أننا نستخدم هذين التعبيرين عندما نريد أن نعرض وجهتي نظر أو نتحدث عن عيوب‬ ‫ومميزات شيء ما أو إظهار إيجابياته وسلبياته‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫كهربائي ‪ -‬كهربي )‪electric (adj‬‬ ‫تستخدم قبل األشياء التي تعمل بالكهرباء‪.‬‬ ‫‪electric light‬‬ ‫مصباح كهربائي‬ ‫ ‪electric heater‬‬ ‫سخان كهربائي‬ ‫‪electric oven‬‬ ‫فرن كهربائي‬ ‫ ‪electric car‬‬ ‫سيارة كهربائية‬ ‫كهربائي ‪ -‬كهربي )‪electrical (adj‬‬ ‫صفة تعني مختص أو له عالقة بالكهرباء‪.‬‬ ‫‪electrical engineer‬‬ ‫مهندس كهربائي‬ ‫سلك كهربي ‪electrical wire‬‬ ‫معذرة (لو سمحت) ‪Excuse me‬‬ ‫?‪Excuse me, where’s the post office‬‬ ‫هذه العبارة تقال للفت انتباه شخص ألننا نريد أن نتحدث معه أو نسأله سؤال‪ ،‬وليس‬ ‫الهدف منها االعتذار‪.‬‬ ‫الحظ الفرق بين كلمة (‪ )home‬وكلمة (‪:)house‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ً‬ ‫سواء كان شقة أو‬ ‫كلمة (‪ )home‬هي كلمة عامة تعني أي مكان تبيت فيه وتسكن فيه‬ ‫ً‬ ‫منزل أو فيال‪...‬وهكذا‪ ،‬بينما كلمة (‪ )house‬ال تعني إال منزل فقط والذي هو سكن خاص‬ ‫ً‬ ‫بأسرة معينة وأحيانا يكون بحديقة أمامه‪.‬‬ ‫‪Connect Primary‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪Language Notes Review‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫هناك كلمات يتغير شكلها عند الجمع‪ ،‬وال تجمع بإضافة )‪ (s - es - ies‬مثل‪:‬‬ ‫‪Singular‬‬ ‫‪Plural‬‬ ‫‪man‬‬ ‫رجل‬ ‫‪men‬‬ ‫‪woman‬‬ ‫امرأة‬ ‫‪women‬‬ ‫‪fisherman‬‬ ‫صياد‬ ‫‪fishermen‬‬ ‫‪person‬‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫‪people‬‬ ‫‪Let’s go and play a game‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫الحظ أن كلمة )‪ (Let’s‬تستخدم لالقتراح وتتبع بالفعل في المصدر‪(.‬مصدر الفعل هو‬ ‫التصريف األول للفعل بدون أي إضافات‪ ،‬أي بدون إضافة )‪.(s - es - ing - ed …...‬‬ ‫‪on TV‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫كلمة )‪ (TV‬في هذا التعبير ال يجوز أن يستخدم قبلها األداة )‪ ،(the‬والحظ أن الحرفان‬ ‫في كلمة )‪ (TV‬ال بد أن يكونا )‪.(Capital‬‬ ‫‪I watched the match on TV yesterday.‬‬ ‫)‪(good at - bad at - better at‬‬ ‫‪verb + ing‬‬ ‫‪noun‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫كل هذه التعبيرات تتبع إما بـاسم )‪ (noun‬أو بـ )‪(+ ing‬فعل)‪.(v.‬‬ ‫‪I’m better at tennis than I am at football.‬‬ ‫‪Hala is good at playing tennis.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫في حوارات البيع والشراء‪ ،‬غالبا ما يكون البائع هو الذي يبدأ بالتحية ويبدأ بسؤال المشتري‬ ‫عما يريد شراؤه بأسلوب مهذب‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫?‪Hello, what would you like‬‬ ‫مرحبا‪ ،‬ماذا تريدين؟‬ ‫‪I would like some carrots, please.‬‬ ‫أريد بعض الجزر من فضلك‪.‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪Step Ahead‬‬ Language Notes Review Step Ahead (B) Grammar Review 1- Articles "a/an" (‫أدوات النكرة (التنكير‬.)consonant( ‫” قبل االسم المفرد الذي يبدأ بصوت حرف ساكن‬a“ ‫تأتي‬ a dog a fan What are consonants? b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z.)vowel( ‫” قبل االسم المفرد الذي يبدأ بصوت حرف متحرك‬an“ ‫تأتي‬ an egg an ant What are vowels? a e i o u 2- some ‫ بعض‬- any ‫أي‬ We can use (some – any) before countable or uncountable nouns. ‫) قبل األسماء التي تُعد أو قبل األسماء التي ال‬any – some( ‫يمكن أن نستخدم‬.‫تعد‬  e use (some) in affirmative sentences and (any) in questions and W negative sentences. َ ْ ‫) في الجُمَ ل المُ ْث َبتة وسؤا‬some( ‫نستخدم‬ ‫ بينما نستخدم‬،‫لي العرض والطلب‬.‫) في الجمل المنفية واالستفهامية‬any(  hen we offer or ask for something politely, we use the word (some) W not (any). ً )some( ‫دم‬ ‫) في الجملة االستفهامية (السؤال) عند عرض‬any( ‫بدل من‬ َ ‫نستخ‬.‫شيء أو طلب شيء بأسلوب مهذب‬ Connect Primary 23 Grammar Review Step Ahead Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. There (is - are - aren’t) some milk in the glass. 2. There (is - isn’t - aren’t) any water in the bottle. 3. There (is - isn’t - aren’t) one carrot on the shelf. 4. Do you have (an - any - a) biscuits? 5. I would like (some - any - an) eggs. 6. Are there any (banana - bananas - a banana)? 7. There (is - are - aren’t) some fruit and vegetables on the plate. 8. Is there (some - any - a) butter in the pan? 9. How about buying some (grapes - grape - a grape)? 10. There isn’t (some - any - a) jam in the fridge. 11. There’s (some - a - an) elephant in this picture. 12. It’s (a - an - any) black and white ball. 13. Yasser has (many - a - an) big lunch box. 14. Do you have (some - any - a) snacks? 15. I would like (some - any - an) tea, please. 16. Are there any (orange - oranges - an orange)? 17. There (is - are - aren’t) some vegetables on the table. 18. Is there (some - any - a) sugar in the coffee? 3- Pronouns Subject pronouns Adjective pronouns I ‫ أنا‬My ‫ملكي‬ He ‫ هو‬His ‫ملكه‬ She ‫ هي‬Her + Noun ‫ملكها‬ It )‫هي (غير العاقل‬/‫ هو‬its ‫ها‬/‫ملكه‬ We ‫ نحن‬Our ‫ملكنا‬ They ‫ هم‬Their ‫ملكهم‬ 24 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. I’m six. (My - His - Her) name is Omar. 2. She’s seven. (My - His - Her) name is Nancy. 3. He’s eight. (My - His - Her) name is Hany. 4. I’m five. (His - Her - My) name is Heba. 5. She’s nine. (Her - My - His) name is Dina. 6. He’s ten. (My - His - Her) name is Tamer. 7. My name is Malak. (He - I - She) am 6. 8. Her name is Laila. (I - She - He) is 5. 9. His name is Fares. (He - I - She) is 8. 10. Her name is Mona. (She - He - I) is 7. 4- This - That - These - Those This is )‫ هذه (للمفرد القريب‬- ‫هذا‬ That is )‫ هذه (للمفرد البعيد‬- ‫هذا‬ These are )‫هؤالء (للجمع القريب‬ Those are )‫هؤالء (للجمع البعيد‬ Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. (This - Those - That) cars are new. 2. (That - Those - These) is my garden. 3. (These - Those - This) isn’t a crocodile. 4. (This - That - These) are my old friends. 5. (This - Those - These) is our English teacher. Connect Primary 25 Grammar Review Step Ahead 5- Ability / Inability can ‫یستطیع‬ can’t ‫ال يستطيع‬.)can - can’t( ‫ عدم القدرة في المضارع باستخدام‬/ ‫نعبر عن القدرة‬ I can play tennis well. I can’t swim. could ‫كان یستطیع‬ couldn’t ‫لم یكن یستطیع‬.)could - couldn’t( ‫ عدم القدرة في الماضي باستخدام‬/ ‫نعبر عن القدرة‬ I got a ticket yesterday, so I could go to the festival. The thief couldn’t hide from the police and they caught him. 6- must / mustn’t ‫ يجب أال‬/ ‫يجب أن‬ must ‫ ال بد أن‬- ‫يجب أن‬ ‫) عندمــا نتحــدث عــن شــيء يتوجــب علينــا أن نفعلــه أو شــيء مــا مــن المهــم‬must( ‫نســتخدم‬.‫القيــام بــه‬ You must take the medicine. mustn’t ‫يجب أال‬.‫) عندما ال يكون من المسموح لنا فعل شيء ما‬must not( )mustn’t( ‫نستخدم‬ You mustn’t talk loudly in the library. 7- The imperative ‫صيغة األمر‬.‫ نضع الفعل في المصدر في أول الجملة‬،‫عند إصدار أمر‬ Come to the board, please..‫) وبعدها الفعل في المصدر‬Don’t( ‫عند النهي عن فعل نبدأ الجملة بـ‬ Don’t play with the matches. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. Please (told - tell - tells) me the answer to this question. 26 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead 2. (Don’t - Do - Doesn’t) this exercise every day. 3. (Listen - Not listen - Listens) to me, please. 4. Don’t (is - be - being) late for school. 5. The pupils (must - mustn’t - can) talk in the library. 6. Drivers (must - mustn’t - shouldn’t) stop at the red light. 7. They mustn’t (talks - talking - talk) to the driver. 8. You (must - mustn’t - should) swim near sharks. 9. I wanted to fly my kite, but I (can’t - could - couldn’t). 10. A  : (Can - Could - Couldn’t) you do karate? B: No, I can’t. 11. I (can’t - could - couldn’t) swim last summer, but now I can. 12. I (can - can’t - could) teach. It isn’t my job. 13. She (could - can - can’t) see the Pyramids when she went to Giza. 8- Prepositions of place ‫حروف الجر الخاصة بالمكان‬ in on ‫في‬ ‫عىل‬ behind under ‫خلف‬ ‫تحت‬ next to between in front of ‫ بجانب‬- ‫بجوار‬ ‫بين‬ ‫أمام‬ :‫نستخدم حروف الجر الخاصة بالمكان لنعبر عن مكان وجود األشياء‬ Hani saves money in a money box. Hani hides his money box under his bed. Connect Primary 27 Grammar Review Step Ahead 9- Prepositions of time ‫حروف الجر الخاصة بالوقت‬  o say when something happens, we use prepositions of time: T :‫للتحدث عن وقت حدوث شئ ما نستخدم حروف الجر الخاصة بالوقت‬  e use on with days of the week and for special days and specific W dates:.‫( مع أيام األسبوع والمناسبات الخاصة والتواريخ المحددة‬on) ‫نستخدم‬ I go swimming on Mondays. I am having a party on my birthday. I was born on July 6th, 2010.  e use at with times, and to say at night, and at lunchtime: W ‫ فــي وقــت‬at lunch time(‫ فــي الليــل( و‬at night( ‫( مــع األوقــات لكــي نقــول‬at) ‫نســتخدم‬ )‫الغــداء‬ Our flight lands at 8 pm. We play basketball at lunchtime. We sleep at night. We use in with months, seasons, and years, and also with times of day: ً.‫( مع الشهور وفصول السنة والسنوات ومع أوقات اليوم أيضا‬in) ‫نستخدم‬ We visit our cousins in June. I was born in 2010. They arrived in the morning. in on at in the morning on Friday (days) at six o’clock in the afternoon on the 2nd of May at nine thirty in the evening on April 1st at half past two in October (months) on July 6th at lunchtime in summer (seasons) on the weekend at night in 2010 (years) on my birthday at noon 28 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead 10- (by - on) ُ ‫) نستخدم قبلها‬foot( ‫) بينما كلمة‬by( ‫وسائل المواصالت يستخدم قبلها حرف الجر‬.)on( ‫حرف الجر‬ I go to school by bus. I go to the park on foot. Some tourists go to Aswan by boat. He goes to work by train. My dad traveled to Saudi Arabia by plane. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. The mouse is (next - under - behind) to the computer. 2. The glass is (front - between - next) the two bottles. 3. The car is (on - at - in) front of the house. 4. There is a fly (on - to - of) Sameh’s face. 5. My father goes to work (in - by - on) taxi. 6. People travel to America (by - in - on) plane. 7. I like to go to school (in - on - by) foot. 11- The gerund (verb + ing) (verb + ing) ‫األفعال التالية تتبع بـ‬ finish ‫ينهي‬ stop ‫يتوقف‬ imagine ‫يتخيل‬ continue ‫يستمر‬ enjoy ‫يستمتع‬ like ‫يحب‬ ُ prefer ‫فضل‬ ِ ‫ي‬ hate ‫يكره‬ I can’t stop reading adventure stories. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. I stopped (playing - play - plays) with matches. 2. She liked (to exercise - exercised - exercising) and playing volleyball. Connect Primary 29 Grammar Review Step Ahead 3. I loved (riding - rides - ridden) my bike. 4. Sally imagined (diving - to dive - dive) in the ocean. 5. I enjoy (to watch - watch - watching) football matches. 12- Present Simple Tense ‫زمن المضارع البسيط‬ Affirmative ‫اإلثبات‬ Negative ‫النفي‬ Interrogative ‫االستفهام‬ I like.................... I don't like........ Do I like................. ? He He he like............. ? She likes.................. She doesn't like..... Does she like........... ? It It it like................ ? You You you like........... ? We like.................... We don't like......... Do we like............. ? They They they like.......... ? Verb to have Verb to have has have He - She - It - I - You - We - They - Singular (‫)أي اسم مفرد‬ Plural (‫)أي اسم جمع‬ َّ َ Remember ‫تذكر‬ have ‫عند النفي‬ don’t have has ‫عند النفي‬ doesn’t have have ‫عند السؤال‬ Do (you) have has ‫عند السؤال‬ Does (she) have 30 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead 13- Present Continuous Tense‫زمـن المضارع المستمر‬ Affirmative ‫اإلثبات‬ Negative ‫النفي‬ Interrogative ‫االستفهام‬ I am reading.... I am not reading... Am I reading........... ? He He he reading........ ? She is reading..... She isn’t reading... Is she reading...... ? It It it reading .......... ? You You you reading..... ? We are reading... We aren’t reading... Are we reading....... ? They They they reading..... ? 14- Past Simple Tense ‫زمن الماضي البسيط‬ Affirmative ‫اإلثبات‬ Negative ‫النفي‬ Interrogative ‫االستفهام‬ I I I play............... ? He He did not play.... he play............ ? She She she play.......... ? played.......... Did It It it play............... ? didn’t play.... You You you play.......... ? We We we play........... ? They They they play......... ? (Verb to be) in the past was were I - He - She - It - You - We - They - Singular (‫)أي اسم مفرد‬ Plural (‫)أي اسم جمع‬ Connect Primary 31 Grammar Review Step Ahead 15- Past Continuous Tense ‫زمـن الماضي المستمر‬ Affirmative ‫اإلثبات‬ Negative ‫النفي‬ Interrogative ‫االستفهام‬ I was reading..... I wasn’t reading..... Was I reading....... ? He He he reading.... ? She was reading..... She wasn’t reading.... Was she reading.. ? It It it reading....... ? You You you reading.. ? We were reading..... We weren’t reading... Were we reading....? They They they reading..? When ً ُ ً ‫أحيانا مـا يستخدم الماضـي المسـتمر للتعبيـر عـن حـدث كان مسـتمرا فـي الماضـي عندمـا‬ ً ‫ فالحـدث الـذي كان مسـتمرا نضعـه فـي الماضـي المسـتمر والحـدث‬.‫قطعـه حـدث آخـر‬ ً.”when“ ‫الـذي قطعـه نضعـه فـي الماضـي البسـيط وأحيانا مـا نربـط الزمنيـن بالرابـط‬ When )‫(عندما‬ + ‫ماضي بسيط‬ ‫ماضي مستمر‬ Omar was walking in the street when he met his friend Amir. 16- The future simple tense ‫زمن المستقبل البسيط‬ Affirmative ‫اإلثبات‬ Negative ‫النفي‬ Interrogative ‫االستفهام‬ I I I see...................? He He he see...............? will see will not see She She she see.............? It  It Will it see.................? you see............? You 'll see You won’t see we see..............? We  We  they see...........? They They Form: will + ‫( المصدر‬the bare verb) ‫يتكون من‬ 32 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead The drought will cause a water shortage. I’ll try to find out new ways to help the environment. We use it to express actions that will happen in the future..‫يستخدم للتعبير عن أحداث سوف تحدث فى المستقبل‬ We will clean the town beach next Friday. We sometimes use some words with the future simple as: :‫توجد كلمات دالة عىل زمن المستقبل البسيط مثل‬ Key words tomorrow ‫غ ًدا‬ next ……. (week) ……. ‫(األسبوع) القادم‬ They will go to the meeting next Saturday. In the negative form, we use (will not (won’t)) before the bare verb..‫) ثم الفعل في المصدر‬will not - won’t ( ‫ننفى المستقبل البسيط باستخدام‬ We won’t burn fossil fuels. In the interrogative form, we use (will) at the beginning of the question or after the question word with the bare verb. ‫) أو نضعها بعد كلمة‬will( ‫ نبدأ السؤال بـ‬،‫عند عمل سؤال عىل المستقبل البسيط‬.‫االستفهام مع الفعل في المصدر‬ Will she drop garbage? No, she won’t. Will you recycle these newspapers later? Yes, I will. What will you do tomorrow? I’ll join the volunteer team..‫) ال بد أن يتبعا بالمصدر‬will - won’t( ‫تنس أن‬ َ ‫ال‬ Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. Does Ola (brush - brushes - is brushing) her teeth every morning? 2. Hani (does - is doing - do) his homework now. 3. We don’t (going - go - goes) to school by bus. We walk. 4. Do you (help - helps - helping) your father in the field? Connect Primary 33 Grammar Review Step Ahead 5. Look! The monkey (climbs - climbing - is climbing) the tree. 6. You (is - are - am) a good pupil, Ziad. 7. There (were - is - are) a book on the desk. 8. I (is - are - am) in grade one. 9. There (are - is - was) some apples on the table. 10. Amir and Tarek (is - was - are) my brothers. 11. I (are - has - have) a cold. 12. My sister (aren’t - don’t - doesn’t) have a toothache. 13. They (isn’t - don’t - doesn’t) have a sore throat. 14. The player (are - has - have) a cut on his leg. 15. This driver (is - was - were) very lucky yesterday. 16. We (was - were - are) at home last night. 17. Manal (were - is - was) unhappy yesterday. 18. The girl (missed - miss - misses) her school bus yesterday. 19. It (starts - is starting - started) raining two hours ago. 20. Shaimaa (wasn’t - doesn’t - didn’t) wear her new dress last week. 21. I (don’t - didn’t - wasn’t) meet Ahmed last night. 22. Alaa didn’t (help - helps - helped) her mother yesterday. 23. I (was - were - am) at school yesterday. 24. The kids (are - was - were) at the zoo last weekend. 25. It (was - were - are) a wonderful party. 26. Samy is (walk - walks - walking) to his school. 27. Omar was (study - studies - studying) all day yesterday. 28. (Was - Were - Is) they having a party yesterday? 29. What (are - were - was) the boys doing at 9 pm yesterday? 30. (Was - Were - Am) you doing your homework at 5 yesterday? 17- Comparison ‫المقارنة‬ ‫( ونضــع بعدهــا كلمــة‬er) ‫ نضيــف للصفــة القصيــرة‬،‫فــي الدرجــة الثانيــة مــن المقارنــة‬.)‫ مِ ــن‬than ( Examples: Football is more popular than handball. We want to make our cities less polluted. We want to make our towns cleaner than they are now. 34 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead.)than( ‫) وبعدها‬less( ‫) أو‬more( ‫ نضع قبلها إما‬،‫إذا كانت الصفة طويلة‬.)the( ‫) ونضع قبلها كلمة‬est( ‫ نضيف للصفة القصيرة‬،‫في الدرجة الثالثة من المقارنة‬ Examples: Football is the most popular sport in Egypt. My grandpa is the oldest one in the family..)the least( ‫) أو‬the most( ‫ نضع قبلها إما‬،‫إذا كانت الصفة طويلة‬.)bad - good( ‫يوجد بعض الصفات الشاذة التي ال تنطبق عليها القواعد السابقة مثل‬ Examples: Using bikes is better than using cars. Helping our planet is the best thing to do. Today, the weather is worse than yesterday. This is the worst movie I have ever watched. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. Wael is better at football (the - then - their - than) he is at tennis. 2. We should drive our cars (less - more - the most - much) to help our planet. 3. In the past, seas and rivers were (clean - cleaner than - cleaner - the cleanest) than today. 4. I’m (bad - worse - worst - the worst) at tennis than I am at football. 5. Hedaya is one of (more - most - less - the most) famous taekwondo players in Egypt. 6. The gold medal is (more - less - most - the most) important than the bronze medal. 7. Sherif Osman is one of the (good - better - better than - best) Paralympic champions in Egypt. 8. Ayman is (the quickest - quicker - quicker than - quickest) boy in the class. Connect Primary 35 Grammar Review Step Ahead 18- Adjectives with (-ed) or (-ing) ‫) نحــذف‬-e) ‫ إذا انتهــي الفعــل بـــ‬.‫) للفعــل لنحصــل علــي الصفــة‬-ing( ‫) أو‬-ed( ‫يمكننــا إضافــة‬.(-ing) ‫( أو‬-ed) ‫( ونضيــف‬-e).)‫) تصف شعور الشخص (في الغالب تستخدم لوصف عاقل‬-ed( ‫الصفة المنتهية بـ‬ I was so bored in that movie. I am very interested in history. ‫) تصــف الشــيء الــذي جعــل الشــخص يشــعر بهــذا الشــعور (فــي‬-ing( ‫الصفــة المنتهيــة بـــ‬ ُ.)‫الغالــب تســتخدم لوصــف غيــر العاقــل‬ That movie was so boring. History is so interesting! (-ing) ‫( و‬-ed) ‫من المهم أن نفهم الفرق بين الصفات التي تنتهي ب‬ In the first sentence, bored describes how I felt about the movie. In the third sentence, boring describes what the movie was like. In the second sentence, interested describes how I feel about history. In the fourth sentence, interesting describes what history is like. verb “-ed” “-ing” adjectives adjectives ُ annoy ‫ يضايق‬annoyed ‫ متضايق‬annoying ‫مزعج‬ interest ‫ يجذب اهتمام‬interested ‫ مهتم‬interesting ‫مثير لالهتمام‬ ُ amaze ‫ يدهش‬amazed ‫ مندهش‬amazing ‫مدهش‬ ُ َ ُ ُ tire ‫ يتعب‬tired ‫ متعب‬tiring ‫تعب‬ ِ ‫م‬ surprise ‫ يفاجئ‬surprised ‫ متفاجئ‬surprising ‫مفاجئ‬ bore ‫ يمل‬- ‫ يسأم‬- ‫ يضجر‬bored ‫ يشعر بالملل‬boring ‫ممل‬ Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. The visit to Sinai was (amaze - amazed - amazing). 2. I was very (tired - tire - tiring) when I came back from work. 3. Nada wasn’t (surprising - surprise - surprised) when she came first. 36 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead 19- The Adverb (‫الظرف (الحال‬.‫) للصفة‬ly( ‫عادة ما يتكون الظرف بإضافة‬.‫” يمكن أن يتم استخدامهما كصفات وظروف‬hard - fast“ ‫كلمتا‬.”well“ ‫” هو‬good“ ‫الظرف من الصفة‬ ً ‫ بينما الظرف يصف فع‬،‫الصفة تصف اسمً ا وتأتي قبله‬.‫ال ويأتي بعده‬ Gamil is a careful driver. Gamil drives carefully. Mr. Kamal is a good teacher. Mr. Kamal teaches well. 20- Conjunctions ‫روابط‬ and - because - so - but and (‫)و‬.‫رابط يربط بين جملتين يعبران عن تتابع األحداث أو معنى واحد أو أفكار متشابهة‬ I need to go home and have a shower. Mom wants to buy vegetables, fruits and meat. َُْ because (‫)ألن‬.‫رابط يربط بين جملتين إحداهما سبب واألخرى نتيجة ويتبع بالسبب‬ I like cats because they are friendly. so (‫)لذلك‬.‫رابط يربط بين جملتين إحداهما سبب واألخرى نتيجة وتتبع بالنتيجة‬ Tamer has learned to drive, so he bought a car. but (‫)لكن‬.‫رابط يربط بين جملتين يعبران عن التناقض‬ Lions look very beautiful, but they are very dangerous. Connect Primary 37 Grammar Review Step Ahead to ‫ لكي‬- because ‫ألن‬.)because( ‫) أو‬to( ‫) باستخدام‬Why( ‫يمكن اإلجابة عىل السؤال البادئ بـ‬ A  : Why do you study English? B: - To travel to London. - Because I want to travel to London. Note that: ‫ ومصدر الفعل هو‬،‫) تُتبع بمصدر الفعل‬to( ‫) بجملة تامة بينما‬because( ‫تُتبع‬.)s - es - ing - ed......( ‫ أي بدون إضافة‬،‫التصريف األول للفعل بدون إضافات‬ Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. I ran fast (to - because - so) catch the school bus. 2. Ayman went to the bakery (to - because - so) buy bread. 3. I eat healthy food (to be - being - be) fit. 4. Jamila bought a new dress to (wear - wears - wearing) on her birthday. 5. Basem is a (clever - carefully - cleverly) driver. 6. I can speak French (good - well - bad). 7. Samir can ride his bike (fast - slow - quick). 8. You should speak (polite - politely - loud) with your teachers. 21- Intensifiers ‫عبارات التوكید‬ ً ً really ‫حقا‬ at all ‫مطلقا‬ ً very ‫جدا‬ quite ‫حد ما‬ ٍ ‫إلى‬ ً so ‫جدا‬ 38 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead ُ.‫تستخدم عبارات التوكيد لتعطي معنى أقوى للصفات واألفعال‬.‫( لتعطي معنى أقوى للصفة‬really, very, or so) ‫يمكننا استخدام‬ Omar is really / very good at painting..‫( لتعطي معنى أقوى للفعل‬really) ‫يمكننا استخدام‬ I really like watching funny films..‫( لتعطي معنى أقوى للجمل المنفية‬at all) ‫يمكننا استخدام‬ Mice don’t like cats at all!.‫( لتجعل معنى الصفة أقل قوة‬quite) ‫يمكننا استخدام‬ The rules of the game are quite simple. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. Emad is (very - at all - no) good at chess. He always wins. 2. This car is not fast (at last - at all - quite). 3. I (real - really - very) enjoy playing football with my friends. 22- Relative Pronouns  (‫ضمائر الوصل (الضمائر الموصولة‬ who - which )‫ الالئي‬- ‫ الذين‬- ‫ التي‬- ‫(الذي‬ where ‫حیث‬  e use (who, which), and (where) to give more information about W a particular person, thing, or place. We use these words for both singular and plural nouns.  emember that when we use (who, which), or (where), we don’t R need to repeat the subject of the sentence. who used to talk about people..‫تحل محل فاعل أو مفعول عاقل‬ Examples: Mr Afifi is the teacher. He runs the football club. Mr Afifi is the teacher who runs the football club. Connect Primary 39 Grammar Review Step Ahead which used to talk about things..‫تحل محل فاعل أو مفعول غير عاقل‬ Examples: These are the shoes. I wear them to school. These are the shoes which I wear to school. where used to talk about places..‫تُستخدم لوصف أو تعريف مكان‬ Examples: This is the building. We do physical education in it. This is the building where we do physical education. Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. Dalia is the girl (which - who - where) sits next to me in the English class. 2. An ostrich is a big bird (which - who - where) can’t fly. 3. This is the street (which - who - where) my uncle lives. 4. I really love the red flowers (which - who - where) grow in our garden. 5. The supermarket is the place (which - who - where) we buy food. 6. Hani is a boy in my class (which - who - where) has a pet lizard. 7. These are the computers (which - who - where) we use for our projects. 8. Bees are the insects (which - who - where) make honey. 9. A pharmacy is a shop (which - who - where) you can buy medicine. 10. That is another classroom (which - who - where) we have science lessons. 40 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead 23- The Zero Conditional (If) ‫( الصفرية‬If) ‫حالة‬ If ‫ لو‬/ ‫إذا‬ When ‫عندما‬ If (When) + present simple present simple / (can) + inf. If (When) + ‫مضـارع بسيط‬ ‫ مضـــارع بسيط‬/ (can) + ‫المصدر‬  e use clauses with “if” or “when” + present tense verbs, or a modal W verb like “can”, to talk about facts or things that are usually true. ً.‫عادة‬ ً ‫صحيحة‬ ‫) للتعبير عن حقائق أو أشياء تكون‬When( ‫( الصفرية أو‬If) ‫تُستخدم حالة‬ Examples: If we book the tour today, it’s cheaper. If you pass me my wallet, I can pay for the tickets now. When you go there in the afternoon, you can watch the sunset. The clause with (if/when) can come at the start of the sentence, or at the end. When it comes first, we separate the two clauses with a comma. ‫ ولكن عندما نبدأ‬،‫) في بداية الجملة أو بين العبارتين‬When( ‫( أو‬If) ‫يمكن أن نستخدم‬.‫) بين العبارتين‬,( ‫) نضع فاصلة‬When( ‫( أو‬If) ‫الجملة بـ‬ Examples: If you press the button, the tablet switches off. The tablet switches off if you press this button. In questions, the clause with if/when usually comes at the end. ً.‫) بين العبارتين‬When( ‫( أو‬If) ‫عادة ما تُستخدم‬ ،‫عند صياغة سؤال‬ Examples: How can we book the tour if we can’t book it on the website? Does your aunt always bake feteer when you visit her? Connect Primary 41 Grammar Review Step Ahead Exercises Choose the correct answer: 1. (Who - When - How - Where) you study hard, you get good marks. 2. You feel thirsty (if - so - but - or) you don’t drink water. 3. When you book online, you can (choose - chooses - chose - choosing) which seats you want. 4. If you press the button, the tablet (switches - switch - switching - switched) off. 5. If we go by bus, it (were - is - are - was) quicker. 6. H  ow can we get to Giza if we (missing - misses - miss - don’t miss) the bus? 7. D  oes your aunt always (bakes - baked - bake - baking) feteer when you visit her? 8. If you (heat - heats - heated - heating) sugar, it melts. 9. If you find my keys, please (called - call - calls - calling) this number. 10. It means there’s dust in the sky when the clouds (is - has - are - have) red. 42 Step Ahead Grammar Review Step Ahead 24- Prefixes & Suffixes Prefix ‫البادئة‬ Usage ‫االستخدام‬ Examples unhealthy ‫غير صحي‬ unhappy ‫غير سعيد‬ unkind ‫غير عطوف‬ unsafe ‫غير آمن‬ untidy ‫غير مرتب‬ un- unusual ‫غير عادي‬ uncomfortable ‫غير مريح‬ unfair ‫غير عادل‬ unfriendly ‫غير ودود‬ unlucky ‫غير محظوظ‬ opposite irresponsible ‫غير مسؤول‬ ir- ‫تفيد عكس المعنى‬ irregular ‫غير منتظم‬ il- illegal ‫غير قانوني‬ impossible ‫مستحيل‬ im- impolite ‫غير مهذب‬ immoral ‫غير أخالقي‬ in- incorrect ‫غير صحيح‬ dislike ‫يكره‬ dis- disagree ‫ال يوافق‬ again resend ‫يعيد إرسال‬ re- ‫تفيد إعادة الفعل مرة‬ replay ‫يعيد تشغيل‬ ‫أخرى‬ Connect Primary 43 Grammar Review Step Ahead Suffix ‫الالحقة‬ Usage ‫االستخدام‬ Examples careful ‫حريص‬ painful ‫مؤلم‬ beautiful ‫جميل‬ -ful helpful ‫متعاون‬ wonderful ‫رائع‬ useful ‫مفيد‬ Adjective colorful ‫زاهي األلوان‬ ِّ َ ُ ‫ الفعل‬/ ‫تحول االسم‬ ‫إلى صفة‬ creative ‫مبدع‬ -ive expensive ‫غالي الثمن‬ active ‫نشيط‬ dangerous ‫خطير‬ famous ‫مشهور‬ -ous enormous ‫ضخم‬ poisonous ‫سام‬ teacher ‫معلم‬ reader ‫قارئ‬ Person climber ‫متسلق‬ -er ِّ َ ُ ‫تكون اسم الفاعل‬ traveler ‫مسافر‬ farmer ‫مزارع‬