Types of Joints PDF

Types of Joints Dr. Bhagath Kumar Potu Department of Anatomy  Joints (Arthroses) Definition : 8 8 Articulation – when 2 or more bones come in close contact & are attached to each other by ligaments or cartilage. joints : 2 o...

Types of Joints Dr. Bhagath Kumar Potu Department of Anatomy  Joints (Arthroses) Definition : 8 8 Articulation – when 2 or more bones come in close contact & are attached to each other by ligaments or cartilage. joints : 2 or more contact bones get in attached by cartilage. or llgament  Classification of joints :- depend on Funcs 1. Synarthroses (Fibrous joints) synar-fibrous - solid joints without joint cavity Amphiar-cartilaginous - immovable movement diar-synovial no 2. Amphiarthroses (Cartilaginous joints) - solid joints without joint cavity - slightly movable 3. Diarthroses (Synoivial joints) - movable joints with joint cavity of - freely movable  Fibrous joints Bones are united by fibrous tissue 3 types 1. Sutures = > - Skull 2. Syndesmoses 3. Gomphosis - gum 1.Sutures eg. Skull sutures Types of sutures Serrate Denticulate Squamous Plane Schindylesis ( wedge and groove ) Shin-dilyses  I t.E.is Serrate r Saw tooth appearance of edges mm iW Denticulate Denticulate Serrate than root R Tips being broader o whom Squamous sutures Squamous Edges are overlapping  Plane suture O Plane suture Schindylesis (Wedge & groove) 2.Syndesmosis the gapbetwea & Interosseous ligament connects the bones Slight movt is possible Ex- Interosseus membrane in the middle radio- ulnar joint R D 3.Gomphosis (peg & socket) Eg- teeth and the sockets Primary cartilagenous joint (Synchondrosis) Examples: epiglosis 1) First rib & sternal joint 2. between epiphysis and metaphysis The bones are united by a plate of hyaline cartilage, which is temporary in nature and later that will be replaced by bone Secondary cartilagenous joints (Symphyses) Ex- Intervertebral joints between the bodies of vertebrae  3.Classification of synovial joints A) According to the number of articulating bones Simple Compound Complex Two bones will More than two bones be involved Joint will be divided in to two Eg. elbow joint Compartment by articular disc Eg. Interphalangeal joints Eg. Knee joint B) According to the axis of movements and the shape of articular surfaces One two Uni axial Bi axial Poly axial 1. Hinge joint 1. Ellipsoid joint 1. Ball and socket joint 2. Pivot joint 2. Saddle joint 3. Condyloid joint  Hinge joint (Ginglymus) – along a transverse axis - uniaxial Ex: Inter phalangeal, elbow, Ankle Felt I we can move in elbow only on a XIS Pivot joint (Trochoid) : movement will be around vertical axis O Ex- Superior radio-ulnar joint  Condylar 3 two balls joint – uni axial Movement on a transverse and partly vertical Eg. Knee joint  finger Ellipsiod joint – bi axial IC Movements takes place around transverse axis and antero posterior axis I Ex- Wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joint Saddle joint – bi axial Same axis like elliptical, but there will be slight rotation movts Ex- first carpometacarpal joint, Sternoclavicular Ball and socket joint – poly axial Ex- Shoulder joint Plane synovial – gliding joints Ex- midcarpal and mid tarsal joints Synovial joint Most of the joints of our body  Hyaline (articular) cartilage - where the bones actually meet - Avascular, non-nervous and elastic - Reduces the forces of compression IN si NE Joint capsule ma - the joint enclosure, outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane - reinforced and strengthened by ligaments - Binds the bone and supports synovial membrane  synovial membrane - a continuous sheet of connective tissue lining the capsule; its cells produce synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and prevents the two cartilage caps on the bones from rubbing together synovial fluid I - produced by the synovial membrane In the normal joint, very little fluid (less than S 5cc) exists in the cavity. - Functions: fluid lubricates the joint Nutrition to articular cartilage  Thank you..! All the very best