State Board Oral Questions Teacher Exam PDF

State Board Oral Questions Teacher Exam 1.​ What is the difference between personal hygiene and personal grooming? ○​ Personal hygiene deals with the preservation and care of the individual through activities such as bathing, oral hygiene, and using mouthwash to...

State Board Oral Questions Teacher Exam 1.​ What is the difference between personal hygiene and personal grooming? ○​ Personal hygiene deals with the preservation and care of the individual through activities such as bathing, oral hygiene, and using mouthwash to avoid offensive body odors. Personal grooming involves how a person dresses, styles their hair or nails. 2.​ What does the term "ergonomics" refer to? ○​ Ergonomics is the science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe. 3.​ What are some behaviors that can negatively affect one's professional image? ○​ Behaviors that can negatively impact a professional image include engaging in negative gossip, maintaining an impolite demeanor, and posting nude or embarrassing pictures on social media. 4.​ Why is it necessary to disinfect razors with disposable blades between clients? ○​ Yes, razors with disposable blades need to be disinfected between clients to prevent the spread of infections and ensure sanitary conditions. 5.​ What does "shave with the grain" mean and why is it important? ○​ Shaving with the grain means shaving in the direction of hair growth. It is important to prevent irritation and the possibility of ingrown hairs. 6.​ How should the blade be directed when honing and stropping a conventional razor? ○​ When honing, the cutting edge (finest first) should be used to sharpen the blade. For stropping, the back of the blade should be used first to achieve a keen, smooth cutting edge. 7.​ Why is lather applied in a circular motion using only the dominant hand? ○​ Applying lather in a circular motion with the dominant hand ensures that the hair stands erect and the dominant hand only permits the opposite hand to remain dry to adequately stretch the skin. 8.​ What is a "once-over shave" and how is it performed? ○​ A once-over shave involves performing a few more strokes across the grain while completing each shaving movement. This technique ensures a complete and even shave with one lathering.  9.​ What is the function of trimmers in grooming? ○​ Trimmers, also known as outliners or edgers, are used for their fine cutting edge, which is smaller than hair clippers, to perform outlining, arching, and design work in grooming. 10.​Which areas of the beard are typically shaved in the back hand position? ​ Areas 2, 6, 7, and 9 of the beard are shaved in the back hand position. 11.​What can be applied to stop minor bleeding during a shave? ​ Styptic powder or liquid can be applied to stop minor bleeding that may occur during a shave. 12.​List at least two principal functions of the skin. ​ Two of the principal functions of the skin are protection and sensation. 13.​What are the two main divisions of the skin? ​ The two main divisions of the skin are the Epidermis and Dermis. 14.​What causes the skin to become calloused? ​ The skin becomes calloused due to continued pressure and friction on one area of the skin. 15.​What is anhidrosis? ​ Anhidrosis is a deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat. 16.​How should foundation makeup be tested for color correctness? ​ Foundation makeup should be tested for color correctness along the jawline. 17.​What technique can be used to offset close set eyes regarding eyebrow shaping? ​ To offset close set eyes, a technician can widen the distance between the brows. 18.​Describe the differences between strip lashes and individual lashes. ​ Strip lashes are a band of eyelashes applied to the eyelid at the natural lash line. Individual lashes, also known as "eye tabbing," involve gluing individual hair fibers to the client’s natural lash line one at a time. 19.​What is the purpose of moisturizers? ​ The purpose of moisturizers is to help increase the moisture content of the skin's surface. 20. What is a "Contraindication"? ​ A contraindication is a condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable effects. 21.​Why is it important to apply pressure immediately after waxing? ​ Applying pressure immediately after waxing an area with your finger for approximately 5 seconds helps to relieve any discomfort. 22.​What hair removal services are permanent and which are permitted in New Jersey? ​ Permanent hair removal services such as electrolysis, photoepilation, and laser hair removal can result in permanent hair removal, but NONE of these services are permitted practices in the state of New Jersey by a licensed cosmetologist/hair stylist. 23.​Why must gloves be worn during epilation? ​ Gloves must be worn during epilation to avoid contact with blood-borne pathogens. 24.​What is the primary purpose of a shampoo? ​ The primary purpose of a shampoo is to cleanse the hair and scalp prior to a service. 25.​What are the potential effects of using a shampoo with a high pH? ​ Using a shampoo with a high pH can leave hair feeling dry and brittle, cause fading of color-treated hair, and make the hair more porous. 26.​What pH range on the pH scale signifies alkalinity? ​ A pH range from 7.1 to 14 on the pH scale signifies alkalinity. 27.​Describe the difference between soft and hard water in relation to hair care. ​ Soft water is rainwater or chemically softened water that contains only small amounts of minerals and allows soap and shampoo to lather freely, making it preferred for washing hair. Hard water contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather and may alter the results of hair coloring services. 28.​How are shampoos selected? ​ Shampoos are selected according to the condition of the client's hair and scalp. Hair can be characterized as oily, dry, normal, or chemically treated. 29.​What is the pH of a pH-balanced shampoo? ​ The pH of a pH-balanced shampoo is typically between 4.5 and 5.5. 30. How is proper hair brushing beneficial? ​ Proper hair brushing stimulates blood circulation to the scalp, helps remove dust, dirt, and hairspray buildup from the hair, and gives added shine. 31.​What type of melanin provides natural hair colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? ​ Pheomelanin provides natural hair colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones. 32.​Describe the three growth cycles of hair. ​ Anagen Phase: The growth phase, new hair is produced, with approximately 90% of scalp hair in this phase at any time, lasting three to five years. ​ Catagen Phase: The transition phase, hair shrinks and detaches from the dermal papilla, lasts about 10% of the scalp hair in this phase at any time, lasting one to two weeks. ​ Telogen Phase: The resting phase, where the old hair is shed or remains in place until the next growth phase, with approximately 10-15% of scalp hair in this phase at any time, lasting about 3-6 months. The entire growth cycle repeats every four to five years. 33.​What is alopecia? ​ Alopecia is a condition characterized by baldness. 34.​What is the strong, chemical side bond that may be broken by permanent waves or chemical relaxers? ​ The disulfide bond is the strong, chemical side bond that may be broken by permanent waves or chemical relaxers. 35.​What is hirsuties or hypertrichosis? ​ Hirsuties or hypertrichosis is a condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair where the body normally grows vellus (downy) hair. 36.​Name the two most commonly found parasitic infections on the scalp and hair. ​ The two most common parasitic infections found on the scalp and hair are Pediculosis capitis (head lice) and Scabies (itch mite). 37.​What is malassezia? ​ Malassezia is a naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control. 38.​What are canities? ​ Canities refers to gray hair. 39. What may happen if too much heat is applied to grey hair? ​ Applying too much heat to grey hair can result in discoloration or hair breakage. 40.​What are pressing combs typically made from? ​ Pressing combs are usually made from good quality stainless steel or brass with wooden handles. 41.​When is "hard pressing" necessary? ​ Hard pressing is necessary when a soft or medium press has not successfully reduced the curl or removed 100% of the curl. 42.​What causes "fishhooks" during a thermal curling service? ​ Fishhooks occur when hair ends protrude out of the barrel of the iron during a thermal curling service. 43.​How is the temperature of flat irons or curling irons determined? ​ The temperature of flat irons or curling irons depends on the texture of the hair; whether it is fine or coarse, tinted or lightened, or grey. 44.​How is the scalp protected during a thermal curling service? ​ The scalp is protected by sectioning using a comb made of hard rubber, bone, or any material which is heat resistant to be placed in between the tool and scalp. 45.​What angle is the hair held at when performing a “half on base” curl? ​ When performing a “half on base” curl, the hair is held at a 90-degree angle. 46.​How should dirt, oils, and product residue be cleaned from a curling iron? ​ Dirt, oils, and product residue should be cleaned from the barrel of a curling iron using a dampened towel with a soapy solution containing a few drops of ammonia. 47.​What are some benefits of using pressing oil or cream during a pressing service? ​ Pressing oil or cream helps make hair softer, prepares and conditions the hair, protects from burning, helps prevent breakage, adds sheen to pressed hair, and helps hair stay pressed longer. 48.​When might a client need a "touch-up Pressing service"? ​ A client might need a touch-up pressing service when the hair, between shampoos, becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, humidity, or contact with moisture. 49.​How is height and volume achieved during a comb-out? ​ Height and volume are achieved during a comb-out by back brushing, back combing, teasing, ratting, or matting. 50. How are "hot rollers" used? ​ Hot rollers are used after shampooing and drying the hair; they are placed in dry hair only to utilize the desired set patterns as in wet setting. 51.​What implement is used to perform "ruffing" when cushioning the hair? ​ A teasing brush or grooming brush is used to perform "ruffing" when cushioning the hair. 52.​Describe hair wrapping. ​ Hair wrapping is a technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining length. Very little volume is attained because the hair at the scalp is not lifted. This can be performed on wet or dry hair. 53.​How can scalp burns be avoided during a blow dry service? ​ Scalp burns can be avoided by never holding the blow dryer too long in one place, always directing the hot air away from the client's scalp, and moving the blow dryer in a constant back and forth motion. 54.​What is the blow dryer attachment called which is used to dry hair softly and accentuate the textural definition? ​ The blow dryer attachment used for softly drying hair and accentuating textural definition is called a diffuser. 55.​What type of hair styling product is also known as wax? ​ Pomade is a type of hair styling product that is also known as wax. 56.​Describe how a technician can achieve the maximum lift when using a brush during a blow dry service. ​ A technician can achieve maximum lift by inserting a brush at the base and directing the section up at a 90-degree angle. 57.​What product is used to hold a style in position? ​ Hair spray is used to hold a style in position. 58.​What benefit is served by having a cooling button on a blow dryer? ​ The cooling button on a blow dryer is used to help set the hair, reform the hydrogen side bond, and strengthen the curl. 59.​What technique is utilized for a "visible braid" to be achieved? ​ A three-strand braid that is created with an "underhand" technique is utilized for a "visible braid" to be achieved. 60. Describe "cornrows." ​ Cornrows are narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp. 61.​How are "bantu knots" or "Nubian knots" created? ​ Bantu knots or Nubian knots are created by twisting or coiling hair that is double-stranded twisted or coiled and then wrapped around itself to make a knot. These knots can be opened and released to create wavy and fuller loose curls. 62.​What type of guideline is used when performing a blunt haircut? ​ A stationary guideline with zero elevation is used when performing a blunt haircut. 63.​What is the technique of combing hair away from its natural falling position before cutting called? ​ The technique of combing hair away from its natural falling position prior to cutting is called over directing or over direction. 64.​What is a "Weight Line" in a haircut? ​ A weight line in a haircut is where the ends of the hair hang together. 65.​What does elevation in a haircut produce? ​ Elevation in a haircut produces graduation or layers. 66.​Why is razor cutting not recommended for curly hair? ​ Razor cutting is not recommended for curly hair because it can weaken the cuticle of the hair and cause frizzing. 67.​How does a razor cut the hair differently than a shear? ​ Shears cut hair bluntly, whereas razors cut the hair ends on an angle leaving softer shapes and more visible separation, which is known as feathering. 68.​What is the fringe area of a haircut? ​ The fringe area of a haircut refers to the bangs. 69.​Describe "tension" in haircutting. ​ Tension in haircutting is the amount of pressure (pull) applied when combing and holding a subsection of hair. 70.​When using clippers, in which direction should the technician work? ​ When using clippers, the technician should work against the natural growth patterns of the hair. 71.​Describe the term "Reference Point." ​ A reference point is a spot or area that marks where the surface of the head changes. 72.​What is the highest point on top of the head known as? ​ The highest point on top of the head is known as the apex. 73. Explain the term "texturizing" in relation to haircutting. ​ Texturizing in haircutting is the process of removing excess bulk without shortening the length and may be used to blend one area of hair with another. It can involve making hair move and blend more seamlessly and can be performed with a cutting shear, thinning shear, or razor using many different techniques. 74.​State the three secondary color tones. ​ The three secondary color tones are green, orange, and violet. 75.​What are hair color tones? ​ Hair color tones describe whether a color is cool (no red, orange, gold, or yellow), warm (contains red, orange, gold, and yellow), or neutral (often used to cover grey). 76.​What tones will be produced by the mixture of complementary colors? ​ Neutral browns, beige, and blondes are produced by the mixture of complementary colors. 77.​What is 40 volume developer most commonly used for? ​ 40 volume developer is most commonly used to provide maximum lift in a single process. 78.​What is the purpose of color fillers? ​ The purpose of color fillers is to equalize porosity and deposit color to provide a uniform contributing pigment. 79.​State the categories of color and provide a brief description. ​ Categories of color include temporary (washes out in one shampoo), semi-permanent (will last through several shampoos but does not oxidize and will leave no new growth line), and permanent (lighten and deposit in one application, can refresh faded hair color). 80.​In a double process retouch, how long is the lightener left on the new growth? ​ In a double process retouch, the lightener is left on the new growth until the exact degree of lightening (degree of lightening) has been achieved. 81.​Describe "balayage." ​ Balayage is the free-form painting of a lightener directly onto clean, styled hair. 82.​What is a "soap cap" and when is it applied? ​ A soap cap is a combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo used during the last five minutes of a haircolor service and worked through the hair to refresh the ends. 83.​State the role of the alkalizing agent in permanent hair color. ​ The role of the alkalizing agent in permanent hair color is to raise the cuticle of the hair. 84. What is the complementary color to yellow? ​ The complementary color to yellow is violet. 85.​In relation to a sodium hydroxide relaxing service, describe "lanthionization." ​ Lanthionization is the process where sodium hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from the disulfide bond and convert it to lanthionine bond, rendering the disulfide bond unable to be reformed. 86.​What may result when performing a permanent wave on hair which has been previously straightened with a hydroxide relaxer? ​ When performing a permanent wave on hair that has been previously straightened with a hydroxide relaxer, the hair which will not hold a curl and may cause extreme damage to the hair. 87.​What strength relaxer is recommended for hair which is fine and/or color treated? ​ A mild strength relaxer is recommended for hair which is fine and/or color treated. 88.​State the purpose of periodic strand testing during a chemical relaxer service. ​ The purpose of periodic strand testing during a chemical relaxer service is to assist in determining if hair is sufficiently processed (relaxed). 89.​What is the type of straightening treatment performed with a flat iron commonly called? ​ The type of straightening treatment performed with a flat iron is commonly called keratin treatments, smoothing treatments, or Brazilian keratin treatments. 90.​When would a technician set a timer during a chemical relaxing service? ​ A technician would set a timer during a chemical relaxing service just prior to application of the relaxing product. 91.​What characteristics are found in over-processed, permed hair? ​ Over-processed, permed hair is usually curlier at the scalp where hair is stronger and weaker, straighter towards the ends. 92.​State the results of using straight rods and concave rods during a perming service. ​ Straight rods produce an even curl from scalp to ends; concave rods produce a tighter curl at the ends of the hair. 93.​What is the main active ingredient in an acid permanent wave? ​ The main active ingredient in an acid permanent wave is glyceryl monothioglycolate. 94.​What is the most common ingredient found in neutralizers? ​ The most common ingredient found in neutralizers is hydrogen peroxide. 95. What is the pH range of most alkaline permanent waves? ​ The pH range of most alkaline permanent waves is 9.6 or higher. 96.​Explain an exothermic permanent wave. ​ An exothermic permanent wave creates a chemical reaction that produces heat to speed up processing. It makes its own heat and does not require an outside heat source (dryer). 97.​What is the chemical service that involves two applications of ammonium thioglycolate? ​ The chemical service involves a soft curl perm: A curl reforming (perming over curly, coiled hair) that combines a thio relaxer and a thio permanent that is wrapped on large rods to make existing curl larger and softer. 98.​What is the stationary part of a pin curl? ​ The stationary part of a pin curl is the base. 99.​What styling effect will an "on base" roller produce? ​ An "on base" roller will produce height and volume. 100.​ What part of a pin curl determines its mobility? - The stem part of a pin curl determines its mobility. 101.​ What is it called when curls of opposite directions meet forming a recessed area? - When curls of opposite directions meet forming a recessed area, it is called an indentation. 102.​ What type of pin curl bases are recommended around the hairline to reduce splits or breaks in the finished hairstyle? - Triangular base pin curls are  recommended around the hairline to reduce splits or breaks in the finished hairstyle. 103.​ Describe "skip waving." - Skip waving involves placing two rows of pin curls immediately behind or below a ridge of the finger wave. 104.​ Which roller placement is recommended for the least volume? - Off base roller placement is recommended for the least volume. 105.​ After the placement of a shaping, what direction is the comb moved when forming finger waves at the hairline on the left side of the head? ​ The comb is moved to the left. 106.​ Explain the qualities of acetone and non-acetone polish remover. ​ Acetone polish remover works more quickly and is a better solvent than non-acetone but may remove nail enhancements such as "wraps." Non-acetone will not dissolve nail enhancement products. 107.​ Why are orangewood sticks NOT reusable? ​ Orangewood sticks are porous and cannot be disinfected. 108.​ What are fine grit abrasives designed to do to the nail? ​ Fine grit abrasives are designed to remove very fine scratches, aiding in buffing and polishing. 109.​ How long must an EPA-registered disinfectant be circulated through the foot basin after each client? ​ An EPA-registered disinfectant must be circulated through the foot basin for ten minutes after each client. 110.​ What nail shape is considered conservative and thought to look attractive on most women’s hands? ​ The oval nail shape is considered conservative and thought to look attractive on most women’s hands. 111.​ In relation to UV gel products, describe self-leveling. ​ Self-leveling UV gel products have a thinner consistency than building gels, allowing them to settle and level during application. 112.​ How are air bubbles avoided when applying nail tips? ​ Air bubbles are avoided by using the stop, rock, and hold method of applying tips. 113.​ What two main products are required for a sculptured nail application? ​ The two main products required for a sculptured nail application are monomer liquid and polymer powder. 114.​ What does the word “cure” mean in relation to UV gel nail application? ​ In the context of UV gel nail application, “cure” means to harden. 115.​ What is a sign of a bacterial infection? ​ Pus is a sign of a bacterial infection. 116. What are "blood-borne pathogens"? ​ Blood-borne pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids such as saliva and HIV. 117.​ State the three levels of infection control and their differences. ​ Sanitation: Cleaning objects - remove debris and clean with soap and water. ​ Disinfection: Destroys bacteria but not killing bacterial spores. ​ Sterilization: Destroying both beneficial (non-pathogenic) and harmful (pathogenic) bacteria including bacterial spores. 118.​ Which governmental agency must approve all disinfectants? ​ The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must approve all disinfectants. 119.​ Why must implements be totally immersed when disinfecting? ​ Implements must be totally immersed when disinfecting because bacteria are still present on areas not submerged, and the disinfection will not be properly executed. 120.​ What governmental agency publishes the guidelines and sets the standards to protect employees in the workplace? ​ The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) publishes the guidelines and sets the standards to protect employees in the workplace. 121.​ What are “booth rentals” and are they permitted in the state of New Jersey? ​ Booth rentals are rented spaces in a salon where the technician is not an employee of the salon but is considered self-employed. It is NOT legal in New Jersey. 122.​ List several prohibited practices in the State of New Jersey. (Provide at least two) ​ Prohibited practices in New Jersey include the use of ear candles or “credo” blades, removal of skin tags, offering to treat a medical problem or provide a "cure" or "remedy" for an illness or disease, eyebrow or eyelash tinting, teeth whitening, and applying permanent makeup or tattooing any service below the stratum corneum of the skin.