Models of Attitude in Tourism PDF

# Models of Attitude in Tourism The document presents several models that describe different attitudes towards tourism. Here is a breakdown of each model: ## 1. Doxey's Iridex - Description: This model suggests that attitudes of residents towards tourism change over time, progressing through a se...

# Models of Attitude in Tourism The document presents several models that describe different attitudes towards tourism. Here is a breakdown of each model: ## 1. Doxey's Iridex - Description: This model suggests that attitudes of residents towards tourism change over time, progressing through a series of stages: - Euphoria: Initial excitement and enthusiasm about tourism's potential benefits. - Apathy: As tourism grows, residents become less interested and more indifferent. - Annoyance: Tourism's negative impacts become more apparent, leading to irritation and frustration. - Antagonism: Strong negative feelings towards tourism develop, often leading to protests and resistance. ## 2. Butler's Tourist Area Life Cycle - Description: This model focuses on the stages of development of a tourist destination: - Exploration: A small number of tourists visit a relatively untouched area. - Involvement: More tourists arrive, and local residents begin to cater to their needs. - Development: Tourism infrastructure grows rapidly, and the area becomes more popular. - Consolidation: Tourism reaches its peak, and the area becomes more commercialized. - Stagnation: Growth slows, and the area may experience declining visitor numbers - Rejuvenation: The destination may experience a revival with new attractions and marketing strategies. - Decline: The destination loses its appeal and experiences a decline in tourism. ## 3. Dugan's Model - Description: This model focuses on the stages of adaptation to a new culture by tourists: - Resistance: Tourists may resist adapting to local customs and behaviors, preferring what is familiar. - Tolerance: Tourists acknowledge cultural differences but don't fully embrace them, often attending a festival while still thinking their own culture is better. - Acceptance: Tourists are open to learning about a new culture and enjoying local activities, like participating in some cooking classes, without completely changing their own habits. - Adoption: Tourists fully embrace a new culture by learning the language and actively participating in local traditions, such as celebrating a holiday with local families. ## 4. Ap and Crompton's Model - Description: This model focuses on the interactions between tourists and locals from the same culture, identifying four main strategies that people use when engaging with each other: - Embracement: Tourists actively participate in local festivals, dance, and celebrate together. - Tolerance: Tourists acknowledge and respect local customs, even if they don't fully adopt them. - Adjustment: Tourists learn basic local phrases and try to communicate with vendors. - Withdrawal: Tourists avoid interaction with locals, preferring to stay within their own group or familiar environments. ## 5. McGehee and Andereck's Model - Description: This model emphasizes the importance of cost-benefit analysis in shaping attitudes towards tourism. It suggests that people's attitudes towards tourism are influenced by their perception of the costs and benefits associated with it. These models provide a framework for understanding the complex and often evolving relationship between tourism and local communities. They highlight the importance of considering diverse perspectives and the need for responsible tourism practices that benefit both visitors and residents.