Human Geography of Southeast Asia - Malaysia PDF

📘 REVIEWER: Human Geography  Originated from parts of the of Southeast Asia – Malaysia peninsula and Southeast (Araling Panlipunan, Page 35) Asian archipelago  Make up half of the 🇲🇾 GENERAL OVERVIEW...

📘 REVIEWER: Human Geography  Originated from parts of the of Southeast Asia – Malaysia peninsula and Southeast (Araling Panlipunan, Page 35) Asian archipelago  Make up half of the 🇲🇾 GENERAL OVERVIEW country’s population  Like its neighboring countries,  Dominant group in Peninsular Malaysia is composed of Malaysia many types of ethnic,  Speak Malay linguistic, cultural, and Chinese religious groups embraced  Make up one-fourth (1/4) of by its population. the population  Malaysians are unequally  Speak Hokkien, Hainanese distributed between (Southern Min group), Peninsular and East Cantonese, and Hakka Malaysia (Borneo).  Baba Chinese: Malay-  Most Malaysians live in speaking Chinese with Chinese Peninsular Malaysia. customs  Ethnic groups are classified as South Asians Bumiputera (or  Includes Indian, Pakistani, Bumiputero) groups, and Sri Lankan including immigrant  Two linguistic groups: populations of Chinese and o Dravidian: Tamil, other Asians from South Telugu, Malayalam Asia. o Indo-European: Punjabi, Bengali, 🗣️ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND Pashto, Sinhalese CULTURAL GROUPS  Tamil-speaking group is the Language and Unity largest  A single official language: the Malaysian language 🌏 EAST MALAYSIA (BORNEO) (formerly known as Malay) Includes: Sabah, Sarawak, Federal contributes to national unity. Territory of Labuan Ethnic Groups in Peninsular Located on Borneo, the third Malaysia largest island in the world, 1. Orang Asli – Indigenous separated by the South China Sea people Ethnic Groups in Sarawak 2. Malays  Iban or Sea Dayak – 3. Chinese Indigenous, one-fourth (1/4) of 4. South Asians the population 5. Small group: Europeans,  Chinese Americans, Eurasians,  Malay Arabs, and Thais  Bidayuh or Land Dayak Linguistic Belonging and Culture  Melanau Orang Asli  Orang Ulu or Upriver  Smallest group people  Belongs to Jakun ethnic  Languages: Austronesian group, speaks a Malay dialects dialect Iban  Semang and Senoi use  Live in mountainous lands languages from the Mon- of Sarawak Khmer family  Practice shifting agriculture Malays  Language is related but distinct from Malay Chinese in Sarawak   Live between coast,  Reflected in architecture, plateau, and mountains attire, festivals,  Cultivate cash crops ceremonies  Speak Hakka and Fuzhou  Muslim attire: (Min language group) o Men: Songkok, loose Malays of Sarawak top tunic, sarong  Share cultural traits with o Women: Tudong Peninsular Malays (headscarf)  Speak a different Malay Islam and Identity dialect  Religion is key to identity Bidayuh  Malay = Muslim, speaks  Live in western Sarawak Malay, follows Malay customs  Practice shifting agriculture (by law)  Speak various dialects,  Legal system reinforces easily understood by each identity: group o Shari’a Court: handles Melanau religion and family  Found along coast of Bintulu matters (marriage,  Known for producing flour inheritance, divorce, from the Sagu palm apostasy, etc.) Ethnic Groups in Sabah o Conversion required  Largest groups: Kadazan or for marriage to Muslims Dusun, Bajau, and Malay Media and Islamic Influence  Others: Murut, Kedayan,  Daily prayers shown on TV Orang Sungei, Visayans, and radio Chinese, Europeans,  Prayer rooms in buildings Eurasians, Indonesians,  Focus on halal food Filipinos, South Asians  Islamic institutions in Bajau medicine, education, and  Two groups: finance o Farmers (northern  Islamic holidays: End of coast) Ramadan, Hajj, Prophet o Sailing group (eastern Muhammad’s birthday coast)  Language related to southern 🕉️OTHER RELIGIONS IN DETAIL Philippines Buddhism  Two types: Mahayana and 🕌 SYSTEM OF FAITH / BELIEFS Theravada Islam  Followers: Malaysian Indian,  Official Religion Thai, Sri Lankan  Practiced by large portion of  Chinese Buddhists mix population Taoism and Confucianism  Influenced by Southeast,  Celebrated holiday: Wesak East, South, and West Asia  Emphasis on compassion,  Malay culture, Orang Asli, awareness, and and East Malaysia's culture environment rooted in pre-Islamic Indian Christianity and early Islamic traditions  Brought by Persian, Arab, Other Religions Turkish traders  Buddhism – 19.2%  Protestant missions during  Hinduism – 6.3% British period  Confucianism and Taoism –  Religious architecture: 2.6% cathedrals and churches Influence of Religion   Denominations: Roman o Who will care for sick Catholic, Anglican, and elderly family Methodist, Presbyterian, members Lutheran, Baptist, Seventh-day Adventist 🏠 Social Structure and Kinship  Services: schools, hospitals, Systems clinics, homes for Definition of Kinship orphans/unwed mothers  Kinship refers to the Hinduism relationship between  Brought by Indian traders individuals considered  Most from Tamil Nadu relatives due to bloodline or migrants ancestry.  Worked in rubber Three Main Kinship Systems in plantations Asia 1. Patrilineal Kinship 📌 KEY TERMS o Lineage traced through  Bumiputera – Indigenous and the male line immigrant groups o Property and surname  Shifting Agriculture – are inherited from the Farming method with land father rotation 2. Matrilineal Kinship  Cash Crop – Crop grown for o Lineage traced through sale, not for own use the mother line  Tudong – Muslim women's o Property is passed to headscarf female family  Songkok – Muslim men's cap members  Halal – Permissible under 3. Bilateral Kinship Islamic law o Children are important  Wesak – Major Buddhist holiday to both the father's  Shari’a Court – Islamic court and mother's handling religious/family lineages matters o Promotes emotional connection and property/wealth REVIEWER: Kinship, Social sharing Structure, and Gender Roles in o Recognizes relatives Southeast Asia on both sides of the family 🧬 Kinship Structure  Kinship structure outlines or 🌏 Bilateral Kinship in Southeast determines the rights and Asia duties of each person to one Prevalent in: another in society.  Malaysia  It influences decisions on:  Vietnam o Who can marry a family  Philippines member Examples: o Who will take care of  Property is equally divided the younger children if a among sons and daughters. parent dies  In Java, daughters may inherit o Who needs to answer farms and are given: for debts or o A new house wrongdoings of a family o The right to use family member agricultural land  👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Family and Marriage in 🇵🇭 Kinship in the Philippines Bilateral Societies  Kinship is bilateral Marriage, Divorce, and  Equal connection with both Remarriage paternal and maternal  In Muslim communities, relatives divorce is not shameful  Filipinos are clannish,  Remarriage is common recognizing relatives up to the  Javanese and Malay 10th degree children can choose which  Godparent’s children are parent to live with considered kinakapatid (like Philippines siblings)  Bilateral order remains despite  Titles for respect: kuya, ate, Spanish and Catholic manong, manang, tita, tito, influence lolo, lola  Annulment is followed instead of divorce 🇲🇾 Kinship in Malaysia and  Women: Indonesia o Strong financial control  Property is equally divided o Manage both domestic among sons and daughters and external  Sometimes, adat (tradition) decisions is followed instead of Islamic  Authority is shared and law flexible between men and  In Java, daughters may inherit women fertile farmland and receive: o A house 👩 Matrilineal Kinship System o Usage rights to Definition agricultural land  Lineage traced only through female members 🚻 Gender Equality in Kinship  Children belong only to the  Filipino and Thai cultures mother’s lineage show gender equality in  Inheritance of land and inheritance house through the female  Reflects the bilateral system line  Women have economic roles Example: Minangkabau of beyond being wives and Sumatra, Indonesia mothers  Largest matrilineal society Women’s Roles in Southeast Asia  Men who marry become  Contribute to family members of the wife’s family income  Women inherit:  Common in markets (urban o House and rural) o Land  Responsibilities:  Household members: o Farming o Maiden sisters o Household o Mothers management o Other female relatives o Decision-making  Skilled in money handling and business  Roles still influenced by inherent qualities and social class 📌 Key Terms to Remember Term Definition Blood or Kinship ancestral relationship Lineage Patrilineal through father Lineage Matrilineal through mother Lineage Bilateral through both parents Traditional Adat law/custom God-sibling (child of Kinakapatid one's godparent) Strong family- Clannish oriented relationships Respectful Kuya/Ate/Manong/ titles for Manang older siblings Titles for aunts, Tito/Tita/Lolo/Lola uncles, grandparents Matrilineal society in Menangkabau Sumatra, Indonesia