Sport Science Revision PDF

**Topics to revise** **Newtons laws (how do they improve performance)** 1\. An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Same applies with an object at rest. 2\. F = Ma (force (in newtons) is equal to mass x acceleration) 3\. Every action has an equal and opp...

**Topics to revise** **Newtons laws (how do they improve performance)** 1\. An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Same applies with an object at rest. 2\. F = Ma (force (in newtons) is equal to mass x acceleration) 3\. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. M/s to km/h: Times by 3.6 **Sporting examples** 1^st^ law of inertia: Golf, the ball remains at rest on the tee until acted upon by an unbalanced force (the club). Which causes the ball to overcome its inertia resulting in the ball flying off the tee after contact is made. 2^nd^ law of F=ma: when a player kicks a ball, they apply a force using leg muscles. The ball has fixed mass. The force from the kick causes the ball to accelerate in the direction of the kick. 3^rd^ law of action and reaction: The sprinter exerts a backwards force on the block with their feet. The block exerts and equal and opposite force pushing the sprinter forwards. **Velocity, Displacement (how does it improve performance?)** Velocity -- speed in a direction Displacement - Shortest route in a **straight line** between start and finish position. Mass, Momentum, and Impulse (how does it improve performance) - Mass: The amount of matter in an object (measured in kg). - Momentum: The product of mass and velocity. It represents motion inertia. - Impulse: Change in momentum, calculated as force × time of application. Force: (how does it improve performance) - Friction: Resists motion between two surfaces in contact. - Air Resistance: Opposes motion through air, increasing with speed and surface area. - Gravity: A downward force - Weight: Force due to gravity - Applications: Running involves overcoming friction and air resistance; throwing requires applying force to generate motion. Linear Motion (how does it improve performance) Linear motion occurs when an object moves along a straight path. Influencing factors include force magnitude, direction, friction, and mass. Mass, Stability, and Centre of Gravity (COM) (how do they improve performance) - Mass: Affects stability by influencing inertia. - Stability: Improved by lowering COM, widening the base of support. - Centre of Gravity (COM): The point where weight is evenly distributed. Levers and Projectile Motion (how do they improve performance) - Levers: 1. First-Class: EFL (effort,fulcrum,load) elbow extensions 2. Second-Class: ELF (effort, load, fulcrum) ankle flexion 3. Third-Class: FEL (Fulcrum , effort, load) elbow flexion - Projectile Motion: Motion of an object launched into air. - Best angle for projectile motion: 45 degrees Importance of Understanding Biomechanics in Sport (this is apparently the last question on the test worth most points! ) (how do they improve performance) Biomechanics enhances athletic performance and reduces injury risk. It helps athletes optimize techniques, improve efficiency, and apply forces effectively. Coaches can tailor training, understand movement mechanics, and ensure safe practices.