Pathfit 4 Sports Science PDF

PATHFIT 4 Sports Sports Science Presented by: Carl Vincent N. Redota  Sports Science Sports science is the study of how the human body performs during exercise and sports activities. It combines various disciplines such as physiology, biomechanics, psychology, and nutrition to...

PATHFIT 4 Sports Sports Science Presented by: Carl Vincent N. Redota  Sports Science Sports science is the study of how the human body performs during exercise and sports activities. It combines various disciplines such as physiology, biomechanics, psychology, and nutrition to optimize athletic performance, prevent injuries, and improve overall health. Key Areas of Sports Science Exercise Physiology Examines how the body responds and adapts to physical activity. Studies energy systems, muscle function, and cardiovascular responses. Helps athletes develop effective training programs. Exercise Physiology At rest, our nervous system maintains a parasympathetic tone which affects the respiratory rate, cardiac output, and various metabolic processes. Exercise stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and will induce an integrated response from the body. Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Nervous System  Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) The parasympathetic nervous system predominates in quiet “rest and digest” conditions. 1.5 2.0  Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) The PNS promotes relaxation, recovery, and energy conservation. It is active during restful states and helps the body return to normal after stress. 1.5 2.0 Effects of PNS Activation: Slows heart rate – Promotes relaxation. Constriction of pupils – Normal vision function. Stimulates digestion – Enhances nutrient absorption. Reduces breathing rate – Conserves energy. Effects of PNS Activation: Decreases stress hormones – Aids recovery. Promotes sleep and relaxation – Helps body repair itself.  Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) The sympathetic nervous system drives the “fight or flight” response in stressful situations. 1.5 2.0  Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) The SNS is activated during stress, exercise, or danger. It prepares the body for action by increasing alertness and energy availability. 1.5 2.0 Effects of SNS Activation: Increases heart rate – Pumps more blood to muscles. Dilates pupils – Enhances vision. Inhibits digestion – Saves energy for muscles. Increases breathing rate – Supplies more oxygen. Effects of PNS Activation: Stimulates adrenaline release – Boosts energy and focus. Redirects blood flow to muscles – Prepares for physical exertion. Biomechanics  Biomechanics The study of how living things move and the forces that act on them. It is the science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement Elements of Biomechanics Motion Force Momentum Lever Balance Motion movement of a body or an object across space. refers to how we move  Motion Translation - movement one place to another Rotation - pivot or turn around a point Linear - motion movement along a straight line Angular motion - movement around a central point Velocity speed - of an object in a specific direction Acceleration - the rate at which velocity changes over time Force Push or a pull that makes things move or stop moving. Force Gravity - pulls things downward Friction - slows things down when they slide against each other Momentum Measure of how difficult it is to stop something that's moving. Momentum depends on two things: mass and velocity. Momentum Mass is how much weight Velocity how fast it's moving  Lever Simple machines that help us move our bodies more efficiently ; limbs : arms and legs 1.5 2.0  Main Parts of Lever Fulcrum - pivot point or the spot where the lever rotates joints act as fulcrums Effort - force you apply to move the lever. Load or Resistance - object to move or overcome. 1.5 2.0  Balance Ability to maintain stability and prevent falling during various activities. Static Balance: Dynamic Balance: ability to maintain ability to maintain equilibrium (or equilibrium during stability) while movement or stationary or while the body is without moving in motion KINEMATICS KINETICS describing motion dives into the without considering forces behind the forces causing motion. it. understanding the focuses on causes of motion, variables like like pushes, pulls, position, velocity, or impacts. and acceleration. DYNAMIC STATIC The study of The study of moving systems systems at that undergo equilibrium, acceleration and whether at rest or deceleration. moving at a constant velocity. Application of Biomechanics Study of movement (it can help us understand how muscles function and move). Design innovative medical treatments (the usage of orthotics and prosthetics). ORTHOTICS Devices used to improve body alignment. PROSTHETICS Artificial limbs used to replace lost or broken limbs. Sports Psychology  Sports Psychology Sports psychology is the study of how psychological factors affect athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity. It focuses on enhancing mental skills to improve performance, boost motivation, and manage stress in athletes and active individuals. Motivation in Sports Intrinsic Motivation: Comes from within (e.g., passion for the sport, self-improvement). Extrinsic Motivation: Driven by external rewards (e.g., trophies, money, recognition). Anxiety and Stress Management Pre-competition Anxiety: Nervousness before a game or competition. Techniques for Managing Stress 1. Deep breathing exercises 2.Progressive muscle relaxation 3.Visualization and mental imagery Confidence and Self- Belief Developing positive self-talk to replace negative thoughts. Building a growth mindset to embrace challenges. “It’s not about what other people think and what other people say. It’s about what you want to accomplish and do you want to go out there and be prepared to beat everyone you play or face?” (Moran,2012) Thank You!