SPLP 5320 Lecture 6: Research Methods PDF

Lect. 6 Research Methods 1 In the last lecture… Single-subject Research 2 Single-subject Research Outliers and special cases are often studied through single-case research Behavior of the same participant is measured in detail Particip...

Lect. 6 Research Methods 1 In the last lecture… Single-subject Research 2 Single-subject Research Outliers and special cases are often studied through single-case research Behavior of the same participant is measured in detail Participant is its own control See Beckley et al. (2013): Project A 3 Single-subject Research Descriptive Study Observing the same behavior over time without variable manipulation 4 Single-subject Research Experimental Design Treatment-no treatment comparison to assess whether treatment helps or not. Example: A-B-A (baseline-treatment-baseline) If treatment (B) helped, behavior should go back to A 5 Single-subject Research Beckley et al. (2013) – From your assigned articles Methods: Assessment at baseline and follow-up; Each participant as his/her/their own control 6 Single-subject Research Reporting guidelines for publishing single-case research For authors, to prepare single-case reports with clarity, completeness, accuracy, and transparency 7 Single-subject Research Reporting guidelines for publishing single-case research SCRIBE (2016) guidelines Tate et al. (2016) – (Table 1, p. 7) In the Discussion of your Project A, briefly discuss if the Beckley et al. (2013) article meets the required Sections of the Scribe (2016) guidelines? 8 Randomized Clinical Trials “Gold standard” in research Highly monitored, controlled stage-design research Monitoring of every aspect of the experiment Required to assess efficacy (i.e. benefits and risks) of new treatments Common in medicine, rare in CSD research for their disadvantages (discussed later) Randomized Control Trial (RCT) - Simply Psychology 9 Randomized Clinical Trials Food & Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines Guidance on the conduct of clinical trials, good clinical practice and human subject protection. Stages of Clinical Trial Research Preclinical Phase Studies in cell cultures and animals to prevent harm in human participants Phase I To test safety: A few participants Phase II To test tolerability: Small randomized Phase III To test clinical outcomes: Large randomized participant cohort Phase IV To test extent of side effects and additional therapeutic uses: Large participant cohort 10 Randomized Clinical Trials Advantages Double-blinding trials Neither the researcher nor the participant know whether the treatment was administered or the placebo Prospective, randomized Participants enrolled prior to conducting the study and randomized to either control (placebo) or treatment group 11 Randomized Clinical Trials Advantages Double-blinded prospective, randomized clinical trials (DBPRCTs): ✔ Eliminate experimenter and participant bias ✔ Each participant has 50-50 chance of being assigned to receive placebo or treatment 12 Randomized Clinical Trials Disadvantages Difficult to design, execute, and complete Multiple areas to control and monitor in each section of the study Poor external validity Highly controlled situation Ethical issues Treatment vs. placebo groups Time sensitive from Preclinical Phase to Phase IV 13 Randomized Clinical Trials 14 Randomized Clinical Trials CONSORT guidelines Schulz et al. (2010): Table 1 (p. 2) 15 Randomized Clinical Trials In the Discussion of your Project A, briefly discuss if the Conklyn et al. (2012) study meets the required Sections of the CONSORT 2010 guidelines? 16 Randomized vs. Nonrandomized Group Research What could be the potential problems of nonrandomized studies? 17 Nonrandomized Group Research 18 Qualitative Research Methods Qualitative research ✔ Provides deeper insights into real-world problems. ✔ Does not collect numerical data points like in quantitative research ✔ Provides information to further investigate and understand through quantitative data. Qualitative Study - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf (nih.gov) 19 Qualitative Research Methods Qualitative research techniques: Interviews, focus groups, and observation. Interviews may be unstructured, with open-ended questions on a topic, and the interviewer adapts to the responses. Structured interviews have a predetermined number of questions that every participant is asked. 20 Qualitative Research Methods 21 Mixed Qualitative-Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Mixed Methods Qualitative research studies collect Mixed-methods studies combine both descriptive data (mostly narratives): kinds of research methods to gather both Interviews, focus groups, content qualitative and quantitative data. analysis, and observation. Quantitative Research Quantitative research methods collect numerical data and use statistics to analyze that data: Experiments, analyses of sets of numerical data, and surveys with limited, pre-determined responses. 22 Mixed Qualitative-Quantitative Research Great relevance in CSD 23 Mixed Qualitative-Quantitative Research Great relevance in research in Social Justice in Health Care 24 Mixed Qualitative-Quantitative Research Collect the qualitative data for transformative changes in care that minimize disparities 25