Spiritual Development in Kazakhstan - PDF

Spiritual development In July 2007, a new law \"on education\" was adopted, according to which the system was divided into seven levels: preschool education and training, primary, Basic Secondary, Secondary, post-secondary, higher and postgraduate education. The Higher School, as before, remained t...

Spiritual development In July 2007, a new law \"on education\" was adopted, according to which the system was divided into seven levels: preschool education and training, primary, Basic Secondary, Secondary, post-secondary, higher and postgraduate education. The Higher School, as before, remained the most important branch of Education in Kazakhstan. In July 2001, A group of leading universities in Kazakhstan was awarded the status of a National University. The opening of international educational institutions contributed to improving the quality of Education. In 2001, I initiated the opening on the basis of ENU. L. N. Gumilyov of the Kazakh branch of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. In the same year, the Kazakh-British Technical University was opened in Almaty, the patron of which was the British Prime Minister T. Blair. The state order for the training of personnel with higher education has increased. Every year, more than 30 thousand young Kazakhstanis become grant holders. In the early 2010s, 600 thousand students studied in higher educational institutions. In 2005, in order to support teachers and stimulate their professional development, the state scholarship \"the best university teacher\" was awarded. The scholarship received the status of a grant for conducting annual research. The competition brought a very necessary spirit of competition to the life of higher education institutions. Since 2005, programs for the training of doctors of Philosophy (PhD) have been launched at leading universities, which contributed to the formation of a new generation of researchers. Kazakhstani universities have become known abroad -- the number of foreign students and teachers has increased. In 2010, more than 10 thousand foreign citizens received education. In the context of economic recovery, the state has new opportunities to expand the Bolashak international scholarship. In 2000, Kazakhstanis with technical and engineering education had the opportunity to receive a scholarship. In 2005, I radically strengthened the program, bringing the number of talented Kazakhstani fellows in the world\'s leading universities to three thousand. First of all, the president relied on the fact that Kazakhstan needs competitive personnel in priority areas of industrial and innovative development, education and science, management and Logistics, Information Technology and modern utilities. In April 2005, the government established the Center for International Programs. In ten years from 1994 to 2004 about 800 people became fellows, then in 2005-2006 the Bolashak scholarship for Bachelor\'s and master\'s degrees was awarded to 2.5 thousand young Kazakhstanis. The diversity of the program in the country and the university has expanded significantly. The list of universities presented included universities in the Eurasian region and leading universities in East and Southeast Asia. Scholarship holders began to study in thirty countries, the list of priority specialties increased, including oil and gas, energy, etc.in January 2008, the first president spoke at the forum of fellows of the program about the tasks facing the \"future\". In order to bring graduates of the program closer to the realities of the country, they were offered to send them to work in the regions. In 2008 and 2012, the state took concrete measures to expand the capabilities of the Bolashak program. A scientific internship program has been opened. In addition, the undergraduate program has been completed, taking into account the high level of the National higher education system. Now the Bolashak program has been reoriented to training Masters and doctors in the most popular specialties in the country. Since Kazakhstan gained independence, creating conditions for the growth of human capital has become a priority task of the state. The focus on human development to increase the competitiveness of the nation has borne fruit. Thanks to the Bolashak program, thousands of talented young Kazakhstanis received excellent education at the best universities in the world at the expense of the state. \"Bolashak\" has become a real social elevator for young people. The humanitarian mission of the revival of spiritual heritage, implemented in the state program\" cultural heritage \" (2004-2009), is also the mission of the revival of the classical Kazakh language. The revival of this classical language was a revival of the philosophical language, which is a reflection of the philosophical seriousness of the nation itself. In the \"Ghakliya\'\' Abai reveals his understanding of himself through the word and the self-limitation of the Kazakh way of thinking. Abai, being faithful to the ideas of enlightened humanism, nevertheless believed that \"marginal meaning\" is only in his own language, in the language of his culture --- the only way to know his \"I\" in the world and the world in himself. And now Abai considered philosophy to be a great art capable of taking the harmony of the metaphysics of being from the soul of a person, and in this regard, the folk language should be a way of pronunciation. In his legacy, Abai demonstrated the priority of spiritual, moral and communicative practice of human life. In his ethical philosophy, fundamental humanistic values are reflected as the structure of consciousness. The strategic national project\" cultural heritage \" laid the foundation for the principle of cultural modernization of Kazakhstan in the context of globalization. In this cultural strategy, the national project of sociological cultural identity is being implemented. In order to clarify these ideas and solve the problem of a socio humanitarian nature, scientists of Kazakhstan are developing philosophical and political science directions on the channel of these current and very promising trends. The preservation of cultural heritage is the natural task of any truly independent state. When the people have the opportunity to access specific things that express their spiritual value, when they actively use the accumulated cultural experience, it is called full-fledged this, firstly. Secondly, people are the main subject of the Republic of Kazakhstan and should take care of the internal development of each person. Moreover, the preservation and development of cultural heritage is an important element of strengthening the consciousness of all ethnic groups living in the country, forms the basis of their full interaction, and this, in turn, is a guarantee of internal stability and security of Kazakhstan. Thus, the active assimilation of the world and domestic cultural and philosophical heritage serves as the most important means of the impetus for the growth of national consciousness, strengthening the national identity of the people. Kazakhstan is a multiethnic and multi-confessional state, and interethnic, intercultural and interfaith dialogue is the most important condition and justification for its sustainable development in the context of globalization. It can be fruitful in conditions of voluntary spiritual development and the provision of this voluntary development. An important factor in such development is the provision of free access to publications of World Culture in the state language and publications of the rich cultural heritage of the Kazakh people for other ethnic groups in the country for the Kazakh ethnic group, which is a priority in the Republic and is a state-forming ethnic group. Mangilik El is the cherished dream of our ancestors for thousands of years. We have turned dreams into reality. We laid the foundation of Mangilik El. N. A. Nazarbayev, Mangilik El, great Kazakh steppe, independent state, such words cannot but excite people. If we understand the deep meaning of these words and stop at each of them, we will go back to the years when our ancestors lived. From time immemorial, Kazakhs wanted not to depend on any country, their daughters were honorable, and their sons were honorable. This is evidenced by the uprisings and wars that have occurred so far. \"Mangilik El\" is the cherished dream of our ancestors for thousands of years. It was a dream-to become an independent state that would create equal relations with the countries of the world and take place on the map of the world. It was a dream to be a happy country with a bright life, a straight line of smoke, and a generation of people with confidence in the future. President N. A. Nazarbayev in his work\" on the wave of history \"said:\" if we want to become a state, build our statehood for a long time, then we should understand the origins of the spirituality of the people. The path to it lies at the heart of folk wisdom.\" Now, in the address to the people of Kazakhstan\" Kazakhstan\'s way-2050: common goal, common interests, common future\", our ancient ancestors-Turks declare the idea of Mangilik El as the National idea of the Kazakh people. Today we are opening the doors and entering the XXI century. This century for Kazakhstan is the century of creation, the century of renewal, the century of epochs. The President\'s address was of great importance for the people of Kazakhstan. Now, in the address to the people of Kazakhstan\" Kazakhstan\'s way-2050: common goal, common interests, common future\", our ancient ancestors-Turks declare the idea of Mangilik El as the National idea of the Kazakh people. Today we are opening the doors and entering the XXI century. This century for Kazakhstan is the century of creation, the century of renewal, the century of epochs. The President\'s address was of great importance for the people of Kazakhstan. One future is the prosperity of the Mangilik El, our common home - the Republic of Kazakhstan. \"The Assembly of people of Kazakhstan and citizens of the united country with great inspiration adopted the task to develop the patriot act\" \"Mangilik El\"\".\" Seven principles of \"Mangilik El\'\' reflect the fundamental values of our development, the common interests and historical destiny of the people of Kazakhstan. We are confident that this will become a powerful mobilizing force in the implementation of the tasks defined by the President. 7 Principles of the National idea \"Mangilik El\": 1\. independence of Kazakhstan and Astana 2\. national unity, peace and harmony in our society 3\. secular society and high spirituality 4\. economic growth based on industrialization and innovation 5\. Society of Universal Labor 6\. commonality of history, culture and language 7.national security and global participation of our country in solving global and regional problems. By the beginning of 2010, there were 40 denominations and denominations in Kazakhstan, 4.4 thousand religious associations. More than 3.3 thousand religious buildings were opened -- mosques, temples, churches, synagogues, etc. Interfaith harmony and the holding of congresses of religious leaders documented the awareness of our country of the high spiritual importance of global interreligious dialogue. The preservation of interreligious peace and harmony in the country was facilitated by our efforts aimed at creating a universal platform for interfaith dialogue in Kazakhstan. We maintain and develop ties with all representatives of traditional religious organizations and associations. Especially for this purpose, in 2000, a council for relations with religious associations was created under the government of the country. Mediation in political, interethnic and interfaith dialogues has become one of the priorities of not only domestic, but also foreign policy of Kazakhstan. This vector of foreign policy activity will greatly contribute to the integration of our country into the world community and the growth of Kazakhstan\'s role on the world stage. The country initiated a number of important international peacekeeping projects in the field of dialogue of religions and civilizations. Speaking at the IX session of the assembly of people of Kazakhstan in 2002, I expressed the idea of adopting the Eurasian Charter of interfaith peace and harmony. With this appeal, I turned to representatives of all faiths on the continent. The global peacekeeping of Kazakhstan was especially evident at the Congress of world and traditional religions, which discussed the initiative of interreligious dialogue and its idea with John Paul II during his visit to the Vatican in 2003. The fundamental innovation of this initiative is that for the first time the president of a predominantly Muslim country made a proposal to hold an interfaith forum. The spiritual leader of Catholic Christians around the world supported and blessed the cause that had begun. The idea of an interfaith Congress also received positive reviews from many well-known world politicians. Among them were George W. Bush, M. Thatcher, Jiang Zemin, K. Annan, N. Mandela, S. Demirel, M. Muhammad and many others with whom I collaborated fruitfully for many years. In the first decade of the 21st century, three Congresses of leaders of world and traditional religions were held in Astana -- in 2003, 2006 and 2009. On September 23-24, 2003, the first congress of world and Traditional Religions was held in Astana. Kazakhstan managed to do what seemed impossible - to gather representatives of the world\'s largest faiths face to face at a round table. It was a unique event in its format and meaning on a truly universal scale, the originator and inspiration of which it was lucky to be. The forum was attended by high representatives of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism, Hinduism, Shinto, Taoism and other denominations. For the first time in history, the leaders of the world\'s major religions not only came together, but jointly adopted a declaration, which considers interfaith dialogue as one of the most important tools for maintaining peace and harmony between peoples and nations. It was decided to hold the Congress on a regular basis, once every three years. Then, in 2003, the Sheikh and Supreme imam of Al-Azhar University, Mohammed said Tantawi, said about the importance of dialogue: \"positive dialogue, I emphasize, positive and useful dialogue should be based on truth and away from lies.. We must build a dialogue with both supporters and opponents, perhaps those who do not like us.\" In September 2006, the 2nd meeting of leaders of world and Traditional Religions was held in Astana in the palace of peace and accord, built specifically for congresses, which was attended by 29 religious delegations from 26 countries of the world. The Congress adopted a declaration calling for the principles of Interreligious Dialogue and the Prevention of conflicts. Finally, in June 2009, the 3rd Congress of leaders of world and Traditional Religions was held in Astana with the participation of 77 delegations from 35 countries. An appeal was made to the world community with a call to facilitate the efforts of religious leaders to establish a true interreligious dialogue. I am sure that the congresses in Astana have made a real contribution to overcoming the threat of interreligious confrontation and strengthening global spiritual harmony. Kazakhstan, which was able to create conditions for the peaceful coexistence of different faiths on its land and establish their dialogue, became the most favorable platform for this forum. At the same time, we paid the necessary attention to all faiths in Kazakhstan, because I am sure that internal Interfaith Harmony is one of the pillars of national harmony. Space is the measure of all things, and time is the measure of all events. When the horizons of time and space meet, the history of the nation begins. This is not just a beautiful aphorism. In fact, if we look at the annals of the Germans, Italians or Indian peoples, it is reasonable to wonder if most of their great achievements in their native history, spanning thousands of years, relate to the territories where these countries now live. Of course, ancient Rome is not modern Italy, but the Italians can be proud of their historical roots. This is a fitting pride. Similarly, the ancient goths and today\'s Germans are not the same people, but they are also part of the rich historical heritage of Germany. Ancient India with a polyethnic rich culture and today\'s Indian people can be considered as a unique civilization that is constantly developing on the wave of history. This is the right position for history. This will allow us to learn about our roots, delve into our national history, and unravel its intricacies. The history of Kazakhstan should also be understood from the point of view of modern science, not in its individual suffixes, but as a whole. \"I don\'t know,\" he said. First of all, most of the proto-state associations, whose contributions will be discussed later, are formed on the territory of modern Kazakhstan and form the main elements of the ethnogenesis of the Kazakh nation. Secondly, the huge cultural achievements that we are talking about did not come to our steppe from the outside, on the contrary, many of them appeared in this vast region, and then spread to the West and East, Kungei and Teriskey. Thirdly, the historical artifacts found in subsequent years testify to the direct involvement of our ancestors in the most advanced, the best technological innovations of their time. These exhibits allow us to take a fresh look at the place of the Great Steppe in global history. Even the names of some Kazakh tribes were known from the ethnonym \"Kazakh\" many centuries ago. This suggests that the horizon of our national history goes far beyond the previously mentioned period. The eurocentric approach did not allow us to see irrefutable facts that ethnic groups, which are considered the ancestors of the Saks and Huns and other Turkic peoples today, were an integral part of the historical ethnogenesis of our nation. At the same time, it should be noted that we are talking about the history of Kazakhstan, common to many ethnic groups that have been living on our land for a long time. This is a common history for all our people, in which many outstanding personalities of different ethnic groups have contributed. Today we need a positive attitude to our native history. But one cannot limit oneself to describing any historical event only in a selective and conjunctural way. Black and white are inseparable concepts. Together, they give a unique touch to the life of both individuals and entire peoples. In our history, there were not so many tragic moments and tragedies, terrible wars and conflicts, socially dangerous trials and political repressions. We have no right to forget this. We must be able to correctly understand and accept our multifaceted and extensive history. We are not going to belittle the role of other peoples and show our greatness. Most importantly, we must seriously and correctly judge our role in global history, based on accurate scientific data. So, let\'s talk about the seven facets of the Great Steppe. I. SPACE AND TIME IN THE HISTORY OF THE NATION It is not an exaggeration to say that our land is the place of origin, the source of the beginning of many worlds of material culture. Many products that have become an integral part of the life of modern society were once invented in our region. The ancient people who inhabited the Great Steppe invented many technical innovations and created new tools that had never been used before. These are still used by the human race in different parts of the Earth. The ancient chronicles tell about how many times the ancestors of today\'s Kazakhs radically changed the trends of political and economic history on the vast Eurasian continent. 1\. Riding culture It is known from history that the culture of horse riding and horse breeding spread throughout the world from the Great Steppe. Excavations at the settlement \"Botay\", which belongs to the Eneolithic period in the northern region of the country, proved that the horse was first domesticated on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. By taming the horse, our ancestors gained unspeakable dominance in their time. And on a global scale, it paved the way for an unprecedented revolution in the economic and military spheres. The domestication of the horse also laid the foundation for the culture of horse riding. The five-armed Horseman became a symbol of the era when the majestic nomadic Empires entered the stage of history. The image of a horseman holding a flag is the most popular emblem of the time of heroes, as well as a distinctive element of the \"cultural code\" of the nomadic world, which was formed due to the emergence of cavalry. The power of car engines is still measured by the power of the horse. This tradition is a sign of respect for the great era, when horsemen dominated the land. We must not forget that the fruits of this great technological revolution, which spread to all parts of the world from the ancient Kazakh land, were used by the human race until the XIX century. The basic components of modern clothing are rooted in the early period of Steppe civilization. The culture of horse riding gave birth to a compact dress code of a horseman. For the first time, our ancestors divided clothes into two parts, top and bottom, so that it was more comfortable when riding on a horse. This is how the first version of ordinary trousers appeared. 2\. Ancient metallurgy in the Great Steppe Finding ways to mine metal has opened the way to a new stage in history and radically changed the course of human development. The Kazakh land, rich in a variety of metal ores, is one of the first centers where metallurgy appeared. Already in ancient times, hotbeds of mining appeared in the central, northern and eastern regions of Kazakhstan, and alloys of bronze, copper, zinc, iron, silver and gold began to be obtained. Our ancestors developed the business of producing new, more durable metals, paving the way for their rapid technological progress. Metal-smelting furnaces and handmade jewelry, household items and weapons of antiquity found during the excavations tell about it from the depths. All this shows how rapidly the steppe civilization on our land developed technologically in ancient times. 3\. Beast style Our ancestors lived in harmony with the environment and considered themselves an integral part of nature. This main principle of life formed the worldview and values of the peoples inhabiting the Great Steppe. The ancient inhabitants of Kazakhstan with their own writing and mythology had an advanced culture. A vivid reflection of their heritage, a vivid sign of their artistic nature and spiritual wealth is the art of the \"Beast style\". The use of animal images in everyday life was a symbol of the relationship between man and nature, which determined the spiritual orientation of nomads. They used more images of predators, mainly animals of the cat family. It is no coincidence that one of the symbols of sovereign Kazakhstan is the snow leopard, a rare species in the local animal world. At the same time, the style of the Beast indicates that our ancestors had a particularly high production experience. They are well versed in carving, techniques of working with metal, including complex methods of making copper and bronze melts and casting ingots, making sheet gold. In general, the phenomenon of\" Beast style \" is considered one of the highest in World Art. 4\. The Golden Man A discovery that opened the way for a new look at our roots and was considered a sensation for World Science is the \"Golden Man\", found in 1969 in the Issyk mound of Kazakhstan, which became known among art historians as \"Kazakhstan Tutankhamun\". This warrior revealed many mysterious secrets. Our ancestors created art objects of the highest level, which still fascinated us with their beauty. The warrior\'s clothes covered with gold indicate that the ancient masters were well versed in the technique of gold processing. At the same time, this discovery demonstrated a rich mythology, which glorified the great power and aesthetics of the Steppe civilization. This is how the steppe people glorified their leader and elevated his status to the level of power, like The Sun. \"I don\'t know,\" he said. On one of the silver cups found next to the warrior, there are engraved symbols. This is the oldest written name ever found on the territory of Central Asia. 5\. Cradle of the Turkic world Altai occupies a special place in the history of Kazakhs and other peoples of Eurasia. These majestic mountains have been considered for centuries not only the crown of Kazakhstan\'s land, but also the cradle of the entire Turkic world. It was in this region in the middle of the first millennium of our era that the Turkic world appeared, and a new period began in the bosom of the Great Steppe. History and geography formed a distinctive model of the continuity of the Turkic states and the great nomadic Empires. These states replaced each other for a long time, leaving their indelible mark on the economic, political and cultural life of Kazakhstan in the Middle Ages. Having mastered the vast expanses, the Turks formed their own expression of nomadic and sedentary civilization in the vast steppes, paving the way for the flourishing of medieval cities, which became the center of art, science and World Trade. For example, the city of Otrar in the Middle Ages gave birth to one of the great thinkers of world civilization -- Abu Nasir Al-Farabi, and one of the spiritual leaders of the Turkic peoples, Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, lived and spread teachings in Turkestan. 6\. The Great Silk Road The location of the country geographically rational, that is, at the heart of the Eurasian continent, has long contributed to the emergence of transit \"corridors\" between different states and civilizations. Since our era, these land routes have become a transcontinental network of contacts in the field of trade and culture between the East and west, north and south of Greater Eurasia -- the system of the Great Silk Road. This path has become a stable platform for the formation and development of global mutual trade and intellectual cooperation between peoples. The people of the Great Steppe, who perfectly organized and ensured the safety of caravan routes, were considered the main link in the most important trade relations in the ancient and Middle Ages. The steppe belt connected Chinese, Indian, Persian, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Slavic civilizations. From the moment of its first appearance, the map of the Great Silk Road covered mainly the territory of the Turkish empires. During the period of Turkic domination in Central Eurasia, the Great Silk Road reached the point of prosperity and contributed to the development of the economy and Culture on an international scale. 7\. Kazakhstan is the birthplace of apples and tulips It has been scientifically proven that the slopes of Askak Alatau are the \"historical homeland\" of apples and tulips. These plants, which are simple, but have their own meaning for the whole world, are scattered here and across the Earth. Kazakhstan is now considered the birthplace of the great -- grandfather of the apple tree in the world-the Sievers Apple. It was this breed that gave the most common fruit to the world. The Apple we all know is a genetic type of Apple we have. It spread from the slopes of the Zailiyskiy Alatau on the territory of Kazakhstan along the ancient route of the Great Silk Road, first to the Mediterranean Sea, and then throughout the world. As a symbol of the deep history of this popular fruit, one of the most colorful cities in the south of the country was named Almaty. On the territory of Kazakhstan, at the foot of the Chu, Ili mountains, you can find Regel tulips in their original form, which are still a masterpiece of the local plant world. These graceful plants appeared on our land at the junction of the foothills of the Tien Shan mountains and semi-desert steppes. These simple, as well as unusual flowers on Kazakh soil won the hearts of many people with their beauty and gradually spread all over the world. Today, there are more than 3 thousand species of tulips on earth, the vast majority of which are \"descendants\"of our steppe Tulip. Now 35 types of tulips grow in Kazakhstan. List of used literature: Nazarbaev N. A. Era nezavısımostı. -- Astana: Atamura, 2017 QAZAQSTAN tarıhy KÓNE ZAMANNAN BÚPNGE DEIIN - 5 tom Memleket basshysynyń \"Uly dalanyń jeti qyry\" atty maqalasy