Specialized Cells and Stem Cells PDF
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This document provides information on specialized cells and stem cells, including their functions, types, and differentiation. It includes descriptions of specific cell types like skin cells, bone cells, and nerve cells, along with examples of how these differ. Detailed information about topics like embryonic and tissue stem cells as well as differentiation concludes the document.
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Specialized Cells and Stem Cells You started life as a single fertilized egg (1 cell) -> multiplied to be many cells-> cells DIFFERENTIATE to perform different functions in different parts of your body SPECIALIZED CELL- cell that can perform a specific function, certain genes are turne...
Specialized Cells and Stem Cells You started life as a single fertilized egg (1 cell) -> multiplied to be many cells-> cells DIFFERENTIATE to perform different functions in different parts of your body SPECIALIZED CELL- cell that can perform a specific function, certain genes are turned “on” and others “off” EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgT5rUQ 9EmQ Specialized Animal Cells SKIN CELLS- provides protection from external environment, reduces H2O loss BONE CELLS- collect calcium from food, allow growth and repair of bones, build up bone around them FAT CELLS- have large vacuoles to store fat molecules (chemical energy) SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS- arranged in bundles called MUSCLE FIBRES, contract/relax to make bones move CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS- beat on their own continuously; as a tissue, they undergo synchronized contractions and conducts electrical impulses even when not stimulated by a nerve impulse RED BLOOD CELLS- carry O2 and CO2 around the body WHITE BLOOD CELLS- ameoboid cells, engulf bacteria and fight infection WHITE BLOOD CELL CHASING A BACTERIA CELL SPERM CELLS- have flagella to swim outside the body, carry male DNA to join with female DNA (egg) NERVE CELLS- “neurons”; long, thin, branched; conduct electrical impulses to coordinate body activity Nerve cell transmission http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=dSkxlpNs3tU Stem Cells STEM CELL- an undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells, two types: – EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS- can differentiate into any kind of cell – TISSUE STEM CELLS- adult cells existing within specialized tissue, can only differentiate into certain types of cells, ex. bone marrow cells can differentiate into white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets ex. cord blood banking HOW STEM CELLS WORK: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mUcE1Y_ bOQE INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELLS: cord blood stem cells and embryonic or adult stem cells: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lWfw5en2 MEM&NR=1 SAVING LIVES WITH DESIGNER BABIES: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6Z0J4SCq ek&feature=fvsr OBAMA ON STEM CELL RESEARCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63Uqp9Vc Cq4&feature=fvst Homework 1) Why are complex organisms made up of specialized cells? 2) Think about your own body. List at least four activities that your body must do to keep you alive. 3) Choose two specialized cells. Compare their structure and funtion. 4) Every cell in your body came from one fertilized egg cell. What does this tell you about the DNA differences between one body call and another? 5) Do plant cells specialize in the same way as animal cells? Use examples of each to illustrate your answer. 6) Why do single-celled organisms not show specialization? 7) What is the meaning of the term “cellular differentiation”? 8) What is the difference between tissue stem cells and embryonic stem cells? 9) Why are stem cells from a newborn baby’s umbilical cord blood considered to be tissue stem cells? 10) What is the significance of being able to harvest stem cells that can specialize into any type of cell? 11) Briefly describe the process of bone marrow transplant to treat leukemia. 12) Complete “Cell Types Worksheet”***
