Specialized Cells PDF

Specialized Cells Day 1 Groups  The differentiation of cells and Stem cells ➔ Cell differentiation – The process by which a cell specializes to perform a specific function ➔ A Stem Cell – an unspecialized cell (in animals) that can divide to form specialized cell...

Specialized Cells Day 1 Groups  The differentiation of cells and Stem cells ➔ Cell differentiation – The process by which a cell specializes to perform a specific function ➔ A Stem Cell – an unspecialized cell (in animals) that can divide to form specialized cells.  The differentiation of cells and Stem cells How do stem cells become specialized cells? ➔ Controlled by genetic information encoded in DNA 2 types of stem cells: 1) Embryonic: can differentiate to form any type of cell 2) Somatic (sometimes called “adult stem cells” ) : can differentiate to form certain types of cells Ex. somatic bone marrow stem cells can form white/red blood cells or platelets.  Specialized Cells ➔ Multicellular organisms, such as a human being or a tree, begin life as an egg or single cell. ➔ Cells in a multicellular organism are not identical. They are specialized. ➔ Specialized Cells – cell capable of performing a specific function. Matching activity Match the image of the cell with the description d b c a e g h f i  Bone cells collect calcium from food and support bone growth and repair. g The layers of skin cells are packed tightly together to cover the outside of the body, protecting the cells inside and e reducing dehydration. Red blood cells are cells that contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. These cells are flexible, which allows them to flow easily through blood f vessels.  White blood cells are cells that can move like an amoeba to engulf bacteria and fight infection. h Muscle cells are organized into bundles called “muscle fibers.” They can contract, which causes the bones to move. c Adipose or fat cells have a large vacuole in which fat molecules are stored. This is how this type of cell i stores chemical energy.  Sperm are cells that transport DNA from a male parent to the egg, the cell of the female parent. a Nerve cells are long and thin and have many branches. They conduct the electrical impulses necessary for the b coordination of bodily activity. Some nocturnal animals and others that live in the depths of the ocean have cells that can emit light. These cells are called “photophores”. d Comprehension Questions 1) Why are complex organisms made up of 1 specialized cells? 2) Match each tissue (on the right) with its function 2 a) Transports nutrients and oxygen b) Transmits electrical signals c) Participates in body movements 3 3) What are the differences between embryonic stem cells, somatic (adult) stem cells, and other cell types? 4) Every cell in your body comes from a fertilized egg. What does this tell you about the differences in the DNA of the cells in the body?