Specialized Cells in Organisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of skin cells in the body?

  • To provide protection from the external environment (correct)
  • To store fat molecules
  • To conduct electrical impulses
  • To carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Which type of stem cell can differentiate into any kind of cell?

  • Tissue stem cells
  • Bone marrow stem cells
  • Adult stem cells
  • Embryonic stem cells (correct)
  • What characteristic distinguishes cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle cells?

  • Skeletal muscle cells have large vacuoles
  • Skeletal muscle cells can conduct electrical impulses
  • Cardiac cells contract only when stimulated by a nerve impulse
  • Cardiac cells do not need continuous stimulation to beat (correct)
  • What is a key role of red blood cells in the body?

    <p>Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way are white blood cells primarily involved in the body’s defense?

    <p>Engulfing bacteria and fighting infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of nerve cells (neurons)?

    <p>They are long, thin, and branched for conducting impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tissue stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells?

    <p>Tissue stem cells can only differentiate into specific types of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT performed by fat cells?

    <p>Maintaining water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Specialized cells

    • A specialized cell performs a specific function within an organism
    • Each specialized cell has certain genes turned "on" and others "off"
    • This allows for specialized cells to perform specific tasks

    Examples of Specialized Cells

    • Skin cells provide protection from the external environment and reduce water loss
    • Bone cells collect calcium from food and allow for the growth and repair of bones
    • Fat cells have large vacuoles to store fat molecules, a form of chemical energy
    • Skeletal muscle cells are arranged in bundles called muscle fibers, which contract and relax to move bones
    • Cardiac muscle cells beat continuously on their own, synchronizing contractions and conducting electrical impulses
    • Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body
    • White blood cells are ameoboid cells that engulf bacteria and fight infection
    • Sperm cells have flagella to help them swim outside the body, carrying male DNA to join with female DNA (egg)
    • Nerve cells (neurons) are long, thin, and branched, and conduct electrical impulses to coordinate body activity

    Stem Cells

    • A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can divide to form specialized cells
    • Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any kind of cell
    • Tissue stem cells are adult cells existing within specialized tissues, and can only differentiate into certain types of cells
      • For example, bone marrow cells can differentiate into white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets

    Stem Cell Uses

    • Stem cells are used in the field of regenerative medicine
      • Cord blood banking stores stem cells for potential later use
    • Stem cells also have ethical implications
      • Research and use of embryonic stem cells has generated ethical and moral debates

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    Description

    This quiz explores the various types of specialized cells in organisms and their specific functions. You will learn about skin cells, bone cells, muscle cells, blood cells, and their unique roles in maintaining biological processes. Test your knowledge of cellular specialization and its importance in the body.

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