USS Ralph Johnson DDG 114 Underwater ESWS Study Guide PDF

USS RALPH JOHNSON DDG 114 UNDERWATER ESWS STUDY GUIDE Common Core 107.15.17(PG. 49) SSN: Nuclear powered, General Purpose, Attack submarine. SSBN: Nuclear powered, Ballistic Missile Submarine “Boomer” serves a...

USS RALPH JOHNSON DDG 114 UNDERWATER ESWS STUDY GUIDE Common Core 107.15.17(PG. 49) SSN: Nuclear powered, General Purpose, Attack submarine. SSBN: Nuclear powered, Ballistic Missile Submarine “Boomer” serves as an undetectable launch platform for intercontinental missiles. SSGN: Nuclear powered, Guided-Missile Submarines provide the Navy with strike and special operation mission capabilities. 107.18(PG. 50) P-3 Orion: Long range ASW platform with surface search capabilities. Ability to hold, launch and track sonobuoys and ASW weapons. Propeller driven. P-8 Poseidon: Replacement for the P-3 with longer on station time and duration of mission. Jet driven platform. 108.1.2(PG. 56) SONAR: Sound Navigation and Ranging 108.8.12(PG. 58) The purpose of the Torpedo Countermeasure (SLQ-25C/NIXIE) is to run the torpedo out of fuel by throwing firing calculations off. 108.8.13(PG. 58) Active SONAR: Sends acoustic transmission from the SQS-53 HMA so we can determine contacts Bearing and Range. Passive SONAR: Strictly listening for acoustic energy in the water. Gives bearing of acoustic energy and enables operators to classify contacts. 108.8.14(PG. 59) Temperature/6 FPS/ for every 1 degree temperature change Salinity/4 FPS/for every 1 part per thousand Pressure/2/for every 100FT depth change **Average sound speed underwater is 4800FPS and changes proportionally according to 3 items listed above. *** UNIT SPECIFIC FOR DDG AN/SQQ-89A(v)15 USS RALPH JOHNSON’S SONAR SUITE 203.1.1 (PG 64) a. N/A b. AN/SQR-20 Multi-Functional Towed Array (Passive Array)- Towed Behind the Ship. Passive/(Active Receive only). It is towed below the layer in which noise from own ship is carried allowing for much great range and recognition differential. Can discern Narrowband as well as Broadband frequencies from contact at varying depths of the water column. c. N/A d. AN/SQS-53: Hull Mounted Array (Active or Passive)- Housed in the SONAR Dome Rubber Window. Legacy system integrated in to the SQQ-89A(V)15 system. Utilized for both active and passive SONAR operations. Capable of receiving Narrowband and Broadband acoustic data. 576 elements , 8 rows, 72 staves. Ranges (5-80 Kyds) and modes (Active & Passive) of operations.  e. N/A replace with SCFS: Surface CAUSS (Common Airborne USW Sensor System) Functional Segment. Sonobuoy Processor f. N/A g. SONOBUOYS: Portable SONAR used with Over the Horizon(OTH) or Line of Sight(LOS) antennas. Can be deployed from the ship, MH-60R, or MPA. Different types include active, passive and environmental. h. MH-60R: Helicopter employed by USW to be able to detect classify and destroy contact at a greater range using sonobuoys, onboard sensors: Dipping SONAR, Magnetic Anomaly Detection (MAD), Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR), and capable of carrying torpedoes. i. Maritime Patrol Aircraft: P-3 (Orion): Long Range Anti-submarine and maritime surveillance aircraft. Phased out by 2023. Sensors: Sonobuoys, FLIR, and ES Detection Weapon: MK 46/54 Torpedoes, Cruise Missiles, Mines P-8(Poseidon): Long range anti-submarine warfare; anti-surface warfare; and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions. Sensors: Sonobuoys, FLIR, and ES Detection Weapons: MK 46/54 Torpedoes, Cruise Missiles, Mines 203.1.2 (PG 64) a. N/A b. UCFS: Undersea Warfare Control Functional Segment- AN/SQQ-89 Fire Control. Capable of firing ASW weapons against underwater contacts utilizing VLS and SVTT. c. MH-60R: Helicopters capable of carrying ASW torpedoes and directing attack at distance greater than the contact can fire at ownship. d. MPA: P-3/P-8 203.1.3 (PG 64) a. MK 32 Mod 15 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes(SVTT) PORT/STBD Missile Deck (3 pyramid tubes each side, must be trained to 45 degrees to fire) Defensive Weapons System Flasks must be charged to 1600 psi Used to fire MK 46/54 Torpedoes Over the Side b. MK 41 Vertical Launcher System(VLS) Used to launch Vertical Launched ASROCs(Anti-Submarine Rockets) -MK 46/54 Torpedo with Rocket attached to it. c. MH-60R Can carry up to 2 MK46/54 banded torpedoes. Can hold 3 torpedoes, but will not be able to land without releasing 1. d. MPRA Multiple torpedoes (weight/mission dependant) 203.1.4 (PG 64) a. MK 46/54 Torpedo: Lightweight, Surface Fleet Torpedo. Primary ASW weapons MK-46 is the earlier variant; MK54 has upgraded guidance and electronics. Both are thermal torpedoes running off of OTTO Fuel II and carrying a 96 lbs high-explosive warhead. 203.1.5 (PG 65) a. WQC-2A (Gertrude): 2 way unsecure communication between ship→ship; ship→sub; ship→shore -Transducers are located in the front of the SONAR dome -Receiver/Transmitter Unit located in SONAR 2 -Master Control Unit in SONAR Control -Remote Unit in the Pilot house next to CO’s Chair.  b. SLQ-25C (NIXIE): Torpedo Countermeasure. Two “fish” onboard and they operate with 7 different modes. SNAPR-M BB Swept, Noise, Alternate, Pulsed, Random, MICM (Magnetic Influence Countermeasure), Broadband Blast. c. WQC-6(Probe Alert): 1 way secure (encrypted) communication from ship→sub. -Uses the SQS-53 transducers. Can take up to 30 minutes to transmit. - Transceiver and Remote Terminal in SONAR Control d. Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT): Measures Temp vs. Depth to 1600ft in 90 seconds e. N/A f. Sensor Performance Predication Functional Segment (SPPFS): Provides SONAR operators real time ranges utilizing temperature(from XBTS/Historical), Salinity, and Pressure to generate a sound velocity profile. It generates probable sound propagation paths to optimize underwater sensors (i.e. MFTA/HULL ARRAY/SONOBUOYS) g. SONAR Dome: SONAR Dome Rubber Window on the front of the ship. Houses the SQS-53 tranducers. -Normally Filled with 26,000 gallons of fresh water and pressurized at 39.5psi +2/-0 utilizing fire main -Rubber Window made by B.F. Goodrich. -Can be put on air for emergencies/maintenance. -While in dry-dock, SONAR Dome can be depressurized for long overhauls(utilizing belly bands) h. UQN-10A(Fathometer): Used to measure depth of water in feet or fathoms. 5 modes: 600 Feet, 600 Fathoms short, 600 Fathoms long, 6000 fathoms short, 6000 Fathoms long. (4FT-6000Fathoms) -Main unit is in SONAR Control. -Repeaters found in CIC, Chart Room, and Pilot House. -Transmitter is under FWD IC i. Onboard Trainer (OBT) is not applicable. Has been replaced by Surface ASW Synthetic Trainer (SAST). SAST allows USW to train in an integrated environment with ACTS/ BFFT or stand alone in SONAR. It can develop scenarios against underwater threats to better train the USW watchstanders. 203.1.6(PG 65) a. 1. Common Displays(Used for Passive & Active Hull/MFTA Operations) 3. SCFS: Surface CAUSS Functional Segment (Sonobuoy Processing) 4. SPPFS: Sensor Performance Predication Functional Segment 5. SUPFS: Supportability Functional Segment (Training/BFTT INTEGRATION) 6. TAD: Torpedo Alertment Detection Functional Segment 7. UCFS: Undersea Warfare Control Functional Segment 8. AI&R: Acoustic Intercept & Ranging Functional Segment 9. RECFS: Recorder Functional Segment 10. BFFS: Beamformer Functional Segment 203.2.1 (PG 65) a. MPRA/MH-60 Utilized for long range detection using various senors listed previously. b. If MPRA/MH-60 are unavailable we will use the following senors onboard: a. SQS-53 HMA (Primary Search Senors) b. SQR-20 MFTA (Primary Classification/Localization) c. Sonobuoys (As last resort Over the Side) i. Once localized we will use MPA/SH-60 as primary torpedo delievery ii. If neither are available we will use our MK-41 VLS Launchers to launch a VLA(3kyds-18kyds) iii. Lastly we will employ our MK-32 MOD 15 SVTT (Max 5kyds) 203.2.2 (PG 66) a. Outlined in the CO’s Battle Orders. Specifying the circumstances and limitations under which forces will engage the enemy. b. SQS-53, UQN-10A, WQC-2A/6, SLQ-25C c. CO’s Battle Orders. #5 d. Weapons/Warning Status: Free, Tight, Safe/Red, Yellow, White e. Weapons Posture: 1,2,3 f. Tactical Situation: Looking at the overall tactical picture of what is in the area on the surface as well as underwater aids in the employment of our systems. Submarines are mobile contacts that can move behind, under and around underwater features and surface shipping to avoid detection. Knowing what is out there helps us understand how to best combat the threat. g. Quiet Ship Bill- Used to mitigate unnecessary noise. There are two conditions: a. Q1:Set for short duration. Very Quiet. Absolute minimum equipment. b. Q2: Sustained ASW operations. Minimum Equipment without degradation to SONAR. 203.3.1 (PG 66) AN/SQR-20 MULTI-FUNCTIONAL TOWED ARRAY a. 610 FT + 150 FT drogue line b. 5600FT/5200FT DEPLOYABLE(400 FT REMAINS FOR ANCHORAGE) c. 5-15KTS(10-15kts Optimal) d. Less than 180 degree turns, Sea state of 5 or less, Less than 5 degree rudder during deploy. DO NOT BACK DOWN! 203.3.2 (PG 66) a. 4 FT b. 2100 FT/2000 FT Deployable c. 5-25KTS (10-15kts Optimal) d. Less than 180 degree turns, Sea state of 3 or less, Less than 5 degree rudder during deploy. DO NOT BACK DOWN! 203.3.3 (PG 66) REPLACE SQQ-28 with SCFS a. SONOBUOYS 1. SSQ-36 (AXBT) TEMP VS. DEPTH 2. SSQ-53(DIFAR) (POINTER) Passive Sonobuoy 3. SSQ-62(DICASS)(CADILAC) Active/Passive Sonobuoy 4. SSQ-77(VLAD)(TOTEM POLE) Vertical Line Array DIFAR 203.3.4 (PG 67) a. 10,15,20,30,40,60,70,80kyds 203.3.5 (PG 67) a. 1600psi (1500psi + 100 psi for interlocks) b. 45 degrees (port/stbd) 203.3.6 (PG 67) a. 5,000 yds-8,000 yds 203.3.7 (PG 67) a. 3,000 yds-17,500 yds 203.3.8 Replace LSFS with SCFS a. Processes Sonobuoys information SRQ-4 Over the Horizon. “Hawklink” radio set for communication with helicopter in flight and transmittal and reception of acoustic data from helicopter dropped sonobuoys. ARR-75 Line of Sight antenna to process sonobuoys that have been dropped by ship of helicopter. 203.3.9 a. N/A 203.4.1 a. USW sends contacts through UCFS to C&D for engagements. Physical connection is between UCFS to ALIS (Aegis LAN Interconnect System) b. SONAR has three stations in CIC; UCFS, USWC and ASWE (CADRT utilized by ASWE and OS’s during USW missions) c. SQR-4 is utilized by SONAR to communicate with the helicopter 203.5.1 OTTO Fuel II is utilized by the MK46 & MK 54 torpedoes. If spilled, vapors can cause dizziness and possible unconsciousness. Ignition causes fumes that are lethal if exposed for long duration. 203.5.2 a. Will sound prior to VLA launched b. Dampers will prevent toxic fumes from entering the ship c. Area down range where rocket booster disengages from VLA. Must be clear of other ships and aircraft to prevent injury or damage. d. When the weapon fails to start, partially starts, or gets stuck prior to being released. e. LP air feeds HPAC for charging torpedo air flasks(1,600psi) 203.5.3 a. Less than 180 degree turns, Sea state of 5 or less, less than 5 degree rudder during deploy. DO NOT BACK DOWN! 25kts Max speed 203.5.4 a. LPAC Watch/LPACs tagged in; safety observer in dome, dome pway, dome cage, and forecastle; gas free space after 4 hours of air circulation; Hyperbaric chamber must be available in case of emergency for dome divers; all divers dome dive qualified; max dive time is 4 hours in a 24 hour period.