Soil Profile Handout PDF
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Summary
This document provides an introduction to soil profiles, explaining the different soil horizons from the organic O horizon to the unweathered rock of the R horizon. It also includes review questions about the functions and characteristics of each layer. The document is likely intended for educational purposes.
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Understanding Soil Profiles and Horizons ======================================== Introduction ------------ Soil is a vital natural resource that supports plant growth and provides a habitat for countless organisms. It consists of layers, known as soil horizons, that vary in color, texture, and co...
Understanding Soil Profiles and Horizons ======================================== Introduction ------------ Soil is a vital natural resource that supports plant growth and provides a habitat for countless organisms. It consists of layers, known as soil horizons, that vary in color, texture, and composition. Together, these layers make up the soil profile. The Soil Horizons ----------------- A typical soil profile consists of the following horizons: ### O Horizon The organic layer made up of decomposed plant material and humus. Found on the surface. ### A Horizon The topsoil, rich in organic material and minerals. It is where most root activity occurs. ### E Horizon The eluviation (leaching) layer, where materials like clay, iron, or organic matter are removed. ### B Horizon The subsoil, where leached materials accumulate. Often rich in clay and minerals. ### C Horizon The parent material, consisting of partially weathered rock or unconsolidated sediments. ### R Horizon The bedrock, the unweathered rock layer beneath the soil. Visualizing the Soil Profile ---------------------------- Review Questions ---------------- 1. 1\. What is the main function of the O Horizon? 2. 2\. Why is the A Horizon important for plant growth? 3. 3\. Which horizon is known for the accumulation of leached materials? 4. 4\. What is the difference between the C Horizon and the R Horizon? 5. 5\. Describe the process of eluviation in the E Horizon.
