Chemistry of Soil PDF

CHEMISTRY OF SOIL  DEFINITION a very special MIXTURE of inorganic and organic material in form of colloids, water and different gases in a variable but balanced proportions  INTERFACE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SPHERES OF OUR PLANET ATMOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE HY...

CHEMISTRY OF SOIL  DEFINITION a very special MIXTURE of inorganic and organic material in form of colloids, water and different gases in a variable but balanced proportions  INTERFACE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SPHERES OF OUR PLANET ATMOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE BIOSPHERE air in soil weathered rocks water content of organic matter, living and mineral in soil soil and dead, soil contents  BASIC SOIL COMPONENTS  BASIC SOIL COMPONENTS Mineral Material Water Primary Minerals Particle size and water retainment (inverse). Clay soil retains the most Secondary minerals water and sand the least.  BASIC SOIL COMPONENTS Organic Gases Microorganisms Matter  PHYSICAL PROPERTIES  Definition proportion of sand, silt, and clay sized particles that make up the mineral fraction of the soil Light soil Heavy soil vs. Sand Clay Sand Clay  Light soil Heavy soil vs. Nutrients Water Nutrients Water  Black Red White Organic Fe and Al Oxygen Si:O pH level Salt Silicates matter oxides level Water Water Nutrients Water STRUCTURE Definition the way individual particles of sand, silt, and clay are assembled STRUCTURE VS.TEXTURE Structure Texture design, arrangement proportion, components  CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SUMMARY soil is formed from the WEATHERING of rocks weathering AGENTS are wind, glaciers or ice, rivers, rain, waves/currents, plant roots, and many more IGNEOUS ROCKS THEREFORE MAJOR MOST ABUNDANT CONTRIBUTOR type of rock found in content SOIL HORIZON DIVIDED INTO THREE LAYERS, FIVE HORIZONS TELLS A STORY topsoil, subsoil, bedrock about the makeup, age, O-, A-, E-, B-, C-, R-Horizon texture and other characteristics of a layer  richest amount of organic TOPSOIL matter SUBSOIL rich minerals for searching root systems BEDROCK O-HORIZON the Organic Layer humus+litter layer 20% organic matter black or dark brown O-HORIZON A-HORIZON the Topsoil Layer top-soil + root zone sand, silt and clay, and high amounts of organic matter most vulnerable to wind and water erosion O-HORIZON A-HORIZON E-HORIZON the Eluviation Layer lower clay content lighter in color often rich in nutrients leached from A and O horizons O-HORIZON A-HORIZON E-HORIZON B-HORIZON the Subsoil Mineral Dominated or Illuviation Zone roots of big trees reach here for minerals O-HORIZON A-HORIZON E-HORIZON C-HORIZON B-HORIZON Parent Rock mineral layers which are NOT bedrock little affected by pedogenic processes broken bedrock and no organic material O-HORIZON A-HORIZON E-HORIZON compacted and cemented meterials by the weight of the B-HORIZON overlying horizons bedrock horizon C-HORIZON R-HORIZON Unweathered Parent Rock COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES BASIC KNOWLEDGE process by which one substance becomes ATTACHED to the other Sorption Adsorption Desorption Absorption BASIC KNOWLEDGE Adsorption Absorption Desorption Surface Whole the uptake and fluid will be dissolved the removal of RETENTION of one in solid or a liquid substances that material within throughout their was either another entire bulk absorbed or adsorbed BASIC KNOWLEDGE Sand Sil 2- 0.1 - 0.1mm t 0.002mm Clay