Media and Information Languages PDF

**MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES** **Language** A system of arbitrary, vocal symbols that permit all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture to communicate or to interact **Media language** are codes, convention, formats, symbols and narrative stru...

**MEDIA AND INFORMATION LANGUAGES** **Language** A system of arbitrary, vocal symbols that permit all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture to communicate or to interact **Media language** are codes, convention, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience **Codes** are system of signs that when put together create meaning is a set of rules or a system of communication, often with randomly assigned numbers and letters given specific meanings **TYPES OF CODES** 1. **SYMBOLIC CODES** 2. **WRITTEN CODES** 3. **TECHNICAL CODES** **Symbolic Codes** Show what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic symbols that are easily understood For example, a character\'s actions show you how the character is feeling. **Written Codes** Use of language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.) Technical Codes \- are the technical processes used to create meaning in media, such as sound, camera angles, and lighting. Example: **Camera angles:** High-angle camera shots can make a subject feel powerful, while close-ups can convey intense emotion. **Lighting**: Warm lighting has yellow or orange tones, while cool lighting has green or blue tones **Sound**: Ominous music can convey danger **Editing**: A fade to black can indicate that time has passed **Camera movement**: Panning, tilting, tracking, and dolly shots are all examples of camera movement **Camera shots** A frame captured by a camera, which can be used to convey a story, show action, or highlight a subject. **TYPES OF CAMERA SHOTS** 1. **MEDIUM SHOT** 2. **EXTREME CLOSE-UP** 3. **CLOSE-UP** 4. **LONGSHOT** 5. **WIDE SHOT** 6. **DUTCH ANGLE** 7. **SHOULDER LEVEL SHOT** 8. **COWBOY SHOT** **Medium shot** A common shot that focuses on the subject from the waist up. It can be used to draw attention to dialogue or before a close-up. **Extremely close-up** A shot that emphasizes a small area of the subject, such as the eyes or mouth. **Close-up** A shot that captures the details of a subject by getting very close to it. It can be used to show a subject\'s emotional reaction. **Long shot** A shot that captures a wide perspective in a single frame. It\'s often used to capture landscapes or cityscapes. **Wide shot** A shot that shows the action and the location of the story. It\'s often used to put the character in context **Dutch angle** A shot that\'s tilted to show that something is wrong or odd, such as an attack about to happen **Shoulder level shot** A shot that\'s taken at the same height as the subject\'s shoulders **Cowboy shot** A shot that frames the subject from the mid-thighs up. It\'s often used in Western movies. **Point of view** A point-of-view shot is a film scene-usually a short one-that is shot as if through the eyes of a character. The camera shows what the subject\'s eyes would see. It is usually established by being positioned between a shot of a character look\... **TYPES OF POINT OF VIEW** 1. ESTABLISH SHOT 2. POV SHOT 3. OVER THE SHOULDER SHOT 4. REACTION SHOT 5. REVERSE-ANGLE SHOT 6. INSERT SHOT 7. HAND-HELD CAMERA SHOT 8. AERIAL SHOT/HIGH ANGLE/OVERHEAD 9. HIGH ANGLE SHOT 10. LOW ANGLE SHOT/BELOW SHOT 11. EYE LEVEL SHOT/STRAIGH-ON ANGLE **CAMERA MOVEMENTS** is a filmmaking technique that describes how a camera moves about to help enhance a story. Specific camera movements help change the audience's view without cutting; they can be a great way to make your video more immersive and engaging. TYPES OF CAMERA MOVEMENTS 1. PAN SHOT 2. TILT SHOT 3. TRACKING SHOT 4. PEDESTAL 5. ZOOM 6. DOLLY SHOT **PAN SHOT** **TILT SHOT** To tilt, imagine your camera is your head nodding up and down. Tilts are helpful as a 'reveal' technique, either to unveil something from top to bottom or the reverse. **TRACKING SHOT** A 'tracking shot' is one in which the camera moves alongside what it's recording. Tracking shots are sometimes called dolly shots, but they can be differentiated by the direction they take. **PEDESTAL** Also known as a Boom up/down, our final shot is the pedestal. This involves moving the camera up or down relative to a subject. It's different from the tilt that we looked at earlier, as the entire camera ascends or descends, rather than just the camera's angle. A pedestal shot can be used to frame a tall or high subject (such as a building) while keeping the framing at eye level. **ZOOM** 'Zooming' is probably the most commonly used camera movement; it lets you quickly move closer to the subject without physically moving. But be careful with these, as zooming lessens your image quality. **DOLLY SHOT** A 'dolly shot' is when the camera moves toward or away from the subject you're shooting. Instead of utilising the zoom to get closer, the camera is physically moving relative to the subject. **CONVENTION** are accepted ways of using media codes. convention are closely connected to the audience expectations of a media product. Types of convention 1. FORM CONVENTION 2. STORY CONVENTION 3. GENRE CONVENTION **FORM CONVENTION** Form conventions are the certain ways we expect types of media\'s codes to be arranged. For instance an audience expects to have a title of the film at the beginning, and then credits at the end. Newspapers will have a masthead, the most important news on the front page and sports news on the back page. Video games usually start with a tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the game works. **STORY CONVENTION** are common narrative structures and understandings that are common in story telling media products. Examples of story conventions include: Narrative structures Cause and effect Character construction Point of View **GENRE CONVENTION** Genre conventions point to the common use of tropes, characters, settings or themes in a particular type of medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Genre conventions can be formal or thematic. **MEDIA MESSAGES** Pieces of information sent from a source to a receiver; ideas that may arise from media contents **MEDIA PRODUCERS** People engaged in the process of creating and putting together media content to make a finished media product. **MEDIA STAKEHOLDERS** People or organizations that share the same interests or intentions **MEDIA AUDIENCE** Group of consumers for whom a media message was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the message