SOC 230 Sports and Leisure Notes PDF

Chapter 3: Sports & Physical Culture in Historical Perspective Learning Objective: ​ How should we understand the social construction of history? ​ Discuss historical sensitivity in sociological analysis ​ History of organized sport in Canada? ​ Define key concepts like amateurism and p...

Chapter 3: Sports & Physical Culture in Historical Perspective Learning Objective: ​ How should we understand the social construction of history? ​ Discuss historical sensitivity in sociological analysis ​ History of organized sport in Canada? ​ Define key concepts like amateurism and professionalism? History and sports: ​ How is history constructed? ​ Sports Hall of Fame ○​ Recognized extraordinary athletes and builders shaping canadian sport ​ What function does this have for canadians ​ What can we learn about history through this organization Recognition of the past: Vancouver Asahi ​ The city of vancouver declared Jan 11 to be Vancouver Asahi Day in honour of the team that played in the city from 1914 - 1941, before it was disbanded due to the internment of the Japanese Canadians. Understanding of the present: ​ In February 2022, the IIHF council voted to ban Russia and Belarus from international competitions after Russia invaded Ukraine and with the war still ongoing, they upheld the decision for another season. ​ Should we see the banning of Russian athletes as a parallel example to the way Japanese athletes were treated during the second world war? Historical Sensitivity: ​ Understanding sport requires placing it within historical and social contexts ​ Helps analyze transformations and persistent ideologies ​ Relies on documents , interviews, and critical questions to contextualize events. Development of Organised Sport in Canada ​ Emerged with industrial, commodification, and cultural struggles. ​ To what extent have business interests and bureaucratic principles influenced by the development of sports? Five stages of Organized Sport in Canada 1.​ Early recreational Activities - Before 1840 - sports were mainly recreational. 2.​ Organized Competition - 1840-1880 - organized competition took shape 3.​ National Organizations - 1882 - 1914 - National organizations emerged 4.​ Rapid Growth - 1914 - 1960 - amateur and professional sports grew rapidly 5.​ Developments of the last century - last century seen expansion in sports development. Three Historical Process  ​ Social Hegemony ○​ Which social groups shape sports? ​ Fan Identification ○​ Growth of domestic rivalries and national identities ​ Commodification ○​ The Growth of business interests in sports. Impact of Technology ​ Advancements like railways and telegraph revolutionized sport. ​ Enable national leagues and international competitions. ​ Televisions in the homes increased advertising potential. Amateurism VS Professionalism ​ Amerateurism:A set of ideas about sports that reinforced the notion that athletes should not receive remuneration for competing sports ​ Professionalism: A set of ideas about sports that defined the practices in which athletes receive remuneration for their performances. 1936 - “An amateur as someone who has never…” 1.​ Entered or competed in any athletic competition for a staked bet, mony, private or public, or gate receipts. 2.​ Taught or assisted in the pursuit of any athletic exercise or sport as a means of livelihood 3.​ Received any bonus payment in lieu of loss of time while playing as a member of any club, or any consideration whatever for any service as an athlete, except actual travelling expenses 4.​ Sold or pledged his prizes 5.​ Promoted in athletic competition for personal gain. Film: Sport and work: Professional and Amateur: Documentry From Lecture Notes ​ This full-length documentary offers a fascinating behind-the-scenes look at our national sport, hockey. Taking in an entire season of the Baie-Comeau Drakkar, this film reveals the daily lives of players and managers on this Quebec Major Junior Hockey League team. Film discussion questions: ​ Is it ethical for leagues like the CHL to classify athletes as "amateurs" while making substantial profits from their participation? ​ Many CHL players are teenagers balancing hockey with education. How might compensation (or lack thereof) impact their educational and career opportunities? ​ What role do social class and family resources play in whether athletes can afford to participate at this level? ​ How does the Canadian cultural value placed on hockey influence the compensation debate?  ​ How do the narratives around “sacrifice” and “hard work” in sport influence public opinion about whether CHL players should be paid? Lecture part 2: Primary Questions: 1.​ Why is history important in understanding the growth of Canadian Sport? 2.​ How have women faced exclusion in Canadian Sport? 3.​ How has the government regulated Indigenous physical activity? Minor Hockey for Boys: ​ The OHA was established in 1890 and recognized junior hockey in 1892 ​ Institutionalized in the 1930’s (In 1933, the junior division was split into Junior A and Junior B) Creating a path towards professional leagues. ​ Reflects commercialization and professional goals. Hockey for Girls and Women” The Preston Rivulettes ​ Dominated women's hockey in the 1930’s with a 95% win rate. ​ Struggles for recognition and legitimacy ​ Challenges gendered ideologies and exclusion ​ Symbolized empowerment and resistance ​ Today greater parity exists between teams Growth for Women's Hockey Growth of Women's Hockey ​ Film Summary:Who said hockey was a boy's sport? Bréanne lives in Winnipeg, Canada, and she loves ice hockey so much that she is part of a team with which she has won competitions. She is preparing to later become a real professional player Indigenous Peoples and Hockey Link from Slides ​ Sport used to assimilate Indigenous peoples, erasing cultural practices. ​ Residential schools promote Euro-Canadian Sports ​ Racism and discrimination persist in Canadian Sports ​ Sport as resistance and unifying cultural force Cultural resistance ​ Contributions by indigenous people to western culture are often overlooked ​ Indigenous Athletes reclaimed their palace in sports like lacrosse ​ Celebrated identity and unity ​ Broader trend of cultural Renaissance of indignity. Film: Sports and Culture Link from Lecture ​ This short film highlights how the sport of lacrosse, which has changed little over time, is regaining popularity. Watch how the game is played, how lacrosse sticks are made by Mohawks at a factory in Cornwall, and how the Canadian Lacrosse Association helps instruct teams.