NPTE Final Frontier PTA Mega Review Jan 2025 - PDF

NPTE Final Frontier PTA Mega Review January 2025 Dr. Bhupinder Singh, PT, PhD Meagan Duncan, PT, DPT, OCS Ashley Gess, PTA Utsavi Parikh, PTA Jennifer Frost, PTA  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Disclaimers This class will follow s...

NPTE Final Frontier PTA Mega Review January 2025 Dr. Bhupinder Singh, PT, PhD Meagan Duncan, PT, DPT, OCS Ashley Gess, PTA Utsavi Parikh, PTA Jennifer Frost, PTA  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Disclaimers This class will follow strict FSBPT and APTA security and safety regulations. Any group members posting questions from previous NPTE exams or PEAT exams will be blocked. The class, including all audio conversations, will be recorded. NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 PTA Content Outline NPTE Final Frontier  Data Collection NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Manual Muscle Testing: Against Gravity Supine Abdominals Anterior deltoid Biceps Brachioradialis Finger flexors Finger extensors Iliopsoas Infraspinatus Lateral rotators of shoulder Medial rotators of shoulder Neck flexors Pec major Pronators Sartorius Pec minor Supinators Tensor Fasciae Latae Teres minor Thumb muscles Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Toe extensors Toe flexors Serratus anterior Wrist extensors Wrist flexors Triceps Prone Back extensors Gastrocnemius Gluteus maximus Hamstrings Lateral rotators of shoulder Latissimus dorsi Middle and lower trapezius Medial rotators of shoulder Neck extensors Posterior deltoid Quadratus lumborum Rhomboids Soleus Teres major Triceps Side-lying Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Hip adductors Lateral abdominals NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 1 A physical therapist assistant is evaluating the strength of a patient’s elbow flexion. The patient is unable to complete full flexion in supine, but can move approximately 75% of the full ROM. What is the MOST APPROPRIATE MMT score for the physical therapist assistant to document? A. Fair minus B. Trace plus C. Fair D. Poor plus NPTE Final Frontier  Manual Muscle Testing NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Isometric Strength Testing Findings Causes Strong and Painless Normal Strong and Painful Minor lesion Weak and painless Complete rupture, disuse atrophy, neurological disorder Weak and Painful Partial rupture, acute inflammation or damage inhibiting function Ex. fracture NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 End Feels Normal End Feels Hard: “Bone-to-Bone” stiff sensation that is painless. Examples: Soft: There is a yielding compression (mushy feel). Examples: Firm: Toward the end of ROM, there is an elastic resistance. Examples: NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 2 A physical therapist assistant is treating a patient with 8/10 right knee pain due to patellofemoral pain syndrome. Which of the following end feels is the patient MOST LIKELY to demonstrate with knee extension? A. Hard end feel B. Boggy end feel C. Springy end feel D. Empty end feel NPTE Final Frontier  Dermatomes and Myotomes NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 3 A patient reports paresthesia along the clavicle and upper scapula. On evaluation, there is weakness of the levator scapulae. All reflexes are found to be intact. Which of the following nerve roots is MOST LIKELY the cause of this presentation? A. C2 B. C3 C. C4 D. C5 NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Key Landmarks for Dermatomes: Dorsum of the foot: Thumb and index finger: Clavicle: Umbilicus: Groin/genital region: Greater trochanter: Nipple Line: NPTE Final Frontier  Glasgow Coma Scale NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 4 The physical therapist assistant found that a patient, who fell off a 15 foot ladder, opened their eyes to speech and had no verbal response to questions. They were diagnosed with a moderate brain injury. Which of the following is the MOST APPRORPAITE motor response to fit this diagnostic category? A. No motor response B. Abnormal flexion response C. Extensor response D. Localized response NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Auscultation NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 5 A patient reports shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and fatigue. A physical therapist assistant tends to the patient and examines their heart sounds. Which heart valve is being auscultated, as shown in red? A. Tricuspid valve B. Pulmonary valve C. Mitral valve D. Aortic valve NPTE Final Frontier  Conditions and Treatment NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 6 A patient is being treated in a cardiac rehab setting following open heart surgical intervention of a dilated aorta and is prescribed Atenolol. Which of the following is MOST APPROPRIATE for the physical therapist assistant to consider? A. RPE should be used to prescribe exercise intensity B. The patient should be taught to sit upright when coughing C. Heart rate should be used to prescribe exercise intensity D. The physical therapist assistant should encourage early mobility using a standard walker NPTE Final Frontier  RPE NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 7 An anterolateral approach was used for a revised total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following is the MOST IMPORTANT to discuss with the patient to prevent anterior dislocation? A. Transfer bed to chair to the unaffected side B. Pivot towards the unaffected leg when turning C. The patient should be instructed in a step through gait pattern D. Avoid the combination of flexion, adduction, and external rotation NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 THA Precautions: POSTERIOR/ ANTERIOR/ POSTEROLATERAL BOTH ANTEROLATERAL/ APPROACH DIRECT LATERAL NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Scoliosis: What will we see? Ex. ___ thoracolumbar curve: ̶ Side-bend: ̶ Rotation: ̶ Spinous process position: ̶ Rib hump: ̶ Tight muscles: ̶ Weak muscles: ̶ Decreased lung capacity: ̶ Iliac crest higher: NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Caused by reflux of gastric contents of stomach into esophagus, producing heartburn Results from failure of lower esophageal sphincter to regulate flow of food from esophagus into stomach Heartburn occurs 30 mins after eating, and when lying down at night (nocturnal) NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 8 A patient reports they would like to lie on their right side during a moist hot pack treatment. For which of the following conditions is this position MOST beneficial? A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease B. Pregnancy C. Right greater trochanteric bursitis D. Right thoracolumbar scoliosis NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 CVA Symptoms: Left vs Right Right CVA Left CVA L side AFFECTED R side AFFECTED L side weakness/paralysis R side weakness/paralysis L neglect, spatial and perceptual deficits Aphasia Poor judgment Cautious, slow, and insecure Impulsivity Frustration and awareness of impairment Overestimates abilities Depression Very positive Difficulty processing information Difficulty perceiving emotions Difficulty with new information Rigidity in thought Use gestures Short attention span Short term memory Cognitive deficits Use verbal cues A B Y! EF T Y! on B ld L ht r o Rig Poo NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 CVA: Name that Artery! LEFT RIGHT UE LE NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Career Final Frontier EAK Ready to treat some patients?? BR Careerff.com CV/Resume review Salary negotiation Contract review Mentorship Interview training and practice Jurisprudence exam prep And more! NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Neuromuscular Conditions Multiple Sclerosis Myasthenia Gravis Guillain-Barre Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Demyelination of Postsynaptic neuromuscular Demyelination of Schwann cells Degeneration of anterior horn oligodendrocytes, plagues in junction cells, corticospinal tracts white matter Heat sensitivity and Uthoff, Fatigue with repeated Rapid onset and progression, Atrophy, denervation of muscles, Lhermitte’s Sign, Charcot Triad, contractions, improve with rest, may follow infection weakness bowel & bladder dysfunction, facial drooping, vision Spasticity, hyperreflexia, clonus optic nerve symptoms disturbances Unilat>bilat Proximal most affected Distal to proximal loss Cervical extensors often weak symptoms vary by patient Distal>proximal, Unilat>bilat Motor and sensory affected Motor only Motor>sensory loss ONLY motor Female>male Female>male Male>female Male>female Age 20-40 Age 20-40 May relapse/remit Exacerbations and recovery Progresses, peaks, and then Poor prognosis, symptom improves management Progresses over time Normal life expectancy Good prognosis if survive nadir, Fatal within 5 years 6-12 months recovery UMN LMN LMN UMN AND LMN NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 General Treatment Guidelines: Neurodegenerative Disorders Do not overfatigue Energy conservation ADs as needed to optimize function Endurance/duration > Intensity/power Positioning and positioning schedule Caregiver education and support if needed NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Practice Question 9 Which of the following considerations is MOST APPROPRIATE when working with a patient with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? A. Schedule sessions in the afternoon B. Schedule sessions in the mornings C. Therapeutic pool temperature should be 78-82 degrees D. Progress strength over endurance NPTE Final Frontier  PROTECTED 関係者外秘 Hydrotherapy: Treatment Temperatures Aerobic Exercise: 78-82 F (26-28 C) Therapeutic Exercise: 82-91 F (26-33 C) Multiple Sclerosis- 80-85 F