Macronutrient and Micronutrient Deficiency - NUT 202

Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency NUT 202 By Dr Oluyemisi F. Folasire Learning Objectives At the end of the lecture students should be able to: -Describe the concept of malnutrition -Identify the signs of malnutrition -Highlight how malnutrition ca...

Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency NUT 202 By Dr Oluyemisi F. Folasire Learning Objectives At the end of the lecture students should be able to: -Describe the concept of malnutrition -Identify the signs of malnutrition -Highlight how malnutrition can be prevented. 9/21/21 2  Malnutrition The term malnutrition indicates a bad nutritional status. Malnutrition refers to deviations from adequate nutrition, includes under-nutrition, over- nutrition, specific deficiencies or excesses of certain vitamins and minerals. Malnutrition arises either from deficiencies, imbalance or excesses of certain nutrients or undiversified diets (wrong kinds or proportions of foods). Malnourished children who are ill die because they are malnourished. 9/24/21 3 9/21/21 4  Under-nutrition Under-nutrition is the consequence of insufficient food due primarily to inadequate dietary or food energyintakes. There is an imbalance in the energy intake and energy requirements, with resultant persistent negative energy balance state. In children CV risks than stored in the lower part. Hence Apple vs Pear Visceral /abdominal obesity > CV risk than general obesity Oluyemisi.F. Folasire (2021). Measurement of Waist Circumference and Hip circumference: https://posts.gle/xx5RBP 9/22/21 19 Cardiovascular risk increases with visceral adiposity 9/22/21 20 Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) Guideline Waist Circumference (WC) Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) Men =< 40inches (102cm) Men =< 0.95 Women =< 35 inches (88cm) Women =< 0.80 9/22/21 21  Q& A 9/21/21 22 Summary Inadequate intakes of both macronutrients and micronutrients is associated with poor health outcomes. These health outcomes can have immediate or long-term effects. There can be different combinations of malnutrition in any individual. Hidden hunger can only be prevented by eating variety of FV regularly. Key to preventing malnutrition is eating on a regular basis variety of diets from different food groups. That is eating the right quality and the right quantity. 9/21/21 23 Reference Kramer, C.V. and Allen, S., 2015. Malnutrition in developing countries. Paediatrics and child health, 25(9), pp.422-427. FAO, 2014. http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/icn2/news- archive/news-detail/en/c/265240/ 9/24/21 24