Nutrition And Diet Therapy PDF

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY PRESENTED BY: KRISTA A. BERNAL RN OBJECTIVES: At the end of the presentation the students will be able to: define terms related to nutrition define macronutrients and micronutrients describe the difference between micronutrients and macronutrien...

NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY PRESENTED BY: KRISTA A. BERNAL RN OBJECTIVES: At the end of the presentation the students will be able to: define terms related to nutrition define macronutrients and micronutrients describe the difference between micronutrients and macronutrients identify the importance of vitamins, minerals, and substances. know the functions and the parts of the digestive system NUTRITION Nutrition is a vital component of a person’s overall wellness and health. Nutrition is the study of food that affects and contributes to health. The basis of nutrition is food. DIET A diet affects the person’s energy, well-being, and different disease states. FOOD Food is a substance when ingested or eaten nourishes the body. NUTRIENT A nutrient is needed in the body to provide energy that will help in building and repairing tissues. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM The digestive system is responsible for breaking down foods and liquids into their basic chemical components. PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PROCESS OF DIGESTION DIGESTION Digestion is the chemical breakdown of foods into smaller components.  INGESTION the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it. PROPULSION is the movement of food along the digestive tract. The major means of propulsion is peristalsis, a series of alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle that lines the walls of the digestive organs and forces food to move forward. ABSORPTION Absorption is the process by which the body absorbs the nutrients from the food into the person’s bloodstream. METABOLISM Metabolism is a process of transforming foods into other substances to sustain life. ELIMINATION The removal of indigestible wastes through the anus, in the form of feces. NUTRITIONAL STATUS Nutritionalstatus is the condition of the body that results from the utilization of essential nutrients. Nutritional status refers to the evaluation of an individual's health in terms of their diet, body weight, and biochemical data. It is commonly assessed using clinical indicators such as body weight, BMI, and the rate of unintentional weight loss. CALORIE A Calorie is a unit of energy measurement. Adult females need anywhere from 1,600 to 2,400 calories a day and adult males need anywhere from 2,000 to 3,000 calories a day. MALNUTRITION Malnutrition is the condition of the body which results from the lack of one or more essential nutrient supplies. 5 NUTRITION CONCEPTS 1.adequate diet 2.balanced diet 3.calorie control 4.moderation 5.variety CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRIENTS Macronutrients Macronutrients are the nutrients needed for the person’s body in large amounts, including fat, carbohydrates, and protein. Micronutrients Micronutrients include the minerals and vitamins that the body needs. MACRONUTRIENTS MACRONUTRIENTS: 1.Protein Protein is essential for the body’s functions including, tissue structure, hormone system, metabolic system, and transport system. The recommended protein dietary intake is 0.36 grams of protein per pound of body weight. The best source of proteins include; beans, nuts, seeds, whole grains, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, and 1 to 2 servings of yogurt per day.  2. Fats Fat is an important part of a person’s diet, it is a source of energy, it is needed for the cell walls, and it helps in absorbing fat-soluble vitamins. An important source of fat comes from healthy sources, which is also called as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. Saturated fats come from mainly animal sources and tropical oils and should not make up more than 7% to 10% of the person’s diet because they are associated with bad cholesterol. 3. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates provide fuel for the body during high- intensity exercise. A person should get 45% to 65 % of calories from carbohydrates. A healthy source of carbohydrates provides fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Unhealthy sources of carbohydrates can increase blood sugar and may lead to weight gain, diabetes, and heart diseases. MICRONUTRIENTS MICRONUTRIENTS 1. Water-soluble vitamins include: Folic acid Vitamin C Vitamin B1(Thiamine) Vitamin B2(Riboflavin) Vitamin B6(Pyridoxine) Vitamin B12(Cobalamin) 2. Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K 3.Minerals Sodium Chloride Potassium Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Sulfur  To be continued..