Skin Care 3 Quiz Review: Weeks 1-3 PDF

Skin Care 3 Quiz Review: Weeks 1 – 3 Week 1 1. Overview of the Skin ​ The skin is the largest and most complex organ in the body. ​ It is part of the integumentary system (which covers the body). ​ Healthy skin is elastic, soft, and pliable. ​ Composition: 70% water, 27% prote...

Skin Care 3 Quiz Review: Weeks 1 – 3 Week 1 1. Overview of the Skin ​ The skin is the largest and most complex organ in the body. ​ It is part of the integumentary system (which covers the body). ​ Healthy skin is elastic, soft, and pliable. ​ Composition: 70% water, 27% proteins, 2% lipids, 1% carbohydrates. ​ Thickest on palms and soles, thinnest on eyelids. ​ Contains millions of sweat glands, blood vessels, and nerves. 2. Functions of the Skin ​ Protection: Barrier against bacteria, irritants, and UV radiation. ​ Regulates body temperature. ​ Removes toxins (through sweat). ​ Produces Vitamin D. 3. Layers of the Skin 1.​ Epidermis – The outer waterproof layer that protects from infection. 2.​ Dermis – Contains hair follicles, glands, and nerves. 3.​ Hypodermis – Also called the subcutaneous layer, provides insulation and cushioning. 4. Epidermis and Its Layers ​ Stratum Corneum – Outermost layer, made of dead cells. ​ Stratum Lucidum – Found only in thick skin (palms and soles). ​ Stratum Granulosum – Keratinization begins here, reducing water loss. ​ Stratum Spinosum – Thickest layer, strengthens skin. ​ Stratum Germinativum (Basal Layer) – Where new skin cells (keratinocytes) are created. 5. Key Cells in the Epidermis ​ Keratinocytes: Make up 90-95% of epidermal cells, responsible for skin strength. ​ Melanocytes: Produce melanin to protect skin from UV damage. ​ Langerhans Cells: Part of the immune system, fight infections. ​ Merkel Cells: Help with touch sensation. 6. Keratinocyte Life Cycle ​ Born in the Stratum Germinativum. ​ Move up through the epidermis, changing shape and function. ​ Eventually die and became part of the Stratum Corneum (desquamation). ​ The life cycle is about 10-15 days (slows with age). 7. Important Terms ​ Desmosomes: Proteins that act like glue, holding skin cells together. ​ Odland Bodies: Contain ceramides and fatty acids, help form the skin barrier. ​ TEWL (Transepidermal Water Loss): Water lost from the skin; the Stratum Granulosum helps reduce it. Weeks 2 & 3 Indirect HF 1. Overview of Electrical Treatments ​ Electrical treatments produce faster and more intense results than manual treatments. ​ Used for both facial and body treatments to: ○​ Improve skin condition and texture ○​ Enhance muscle tone and contour ○​ Improve overall body condition 2. Choosing Equipment ​ Equipment is expensive, so careful consideration is needed. ​ Always check: ○​ Reputation of the company – ensure the equipment is reliable. ○​ Safety certification (CE mark) – ensures compliance with electrical safety standards. ○​ Warranty and financial viability – consider if it’s a smart investment. ○​ Vendor support – look for training and advertising help from the supplier3. General Contraindications (Who Should NOT Get Electrical Treatments?) People with the following conditions should avoid electrical treatments:  ​ Medical Conditions: Epilepsy, diabetes, heart disease, circulatory disorders, thrombosis, hepatitis, HIV. ​ Skin Issues: Open cuts, infections, inflammation, severe acne, or recent scar tissue. ​ Other Factors: Pregnancy, metal implants, recent Botox or fillers, use of retinol or Retin-A 4. Indirect High Frequency ​ Uses an alternating (oscillating) electrical current that moves back and forth at high speed. ​ This creates vibrations and heat, stimulating the skin. ​ Effects: ○​ Increases activity of sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands. ○​ Boosts blood circulation, bringing oxygen and nutrients to the skin. ○​ Enhances lymphatic circulation, helping remove waste. ​ Uses: ○​ Treats dry and dehydrated skin. ○​ Helps tighten the skin, reducing fine lines and wrinkles. ○​ Improves overall skin appearance 5. Contraindications to Indirect High Frequency ​ Skin Issues: Inflammation, hypersensitive skin, acne rosacea. ​ Medical Conditions: Migraines, heart conditions, nervous disorders. ​ Recent Treatments: Botox, fillers, excessive dental metalwork, recent cosmetic treatments 6. High Frequency Electrodes Different electrode types are used depending on the treatment: ​ Mushroom electrode – General facial treatment. ​ Horseshoe electrode – Neck and body treatments. ​ Saturator electrode – Used for indirect high frequency. ​ Spiral intensifier electrode – Targets specific areas. ​ Roller electrode – Used for massage-like effects. SRS Treatment (Structural remodeling system) 1. Understanding Skin Aging  ​ The aging process affects three levels of the face: 1.​ Integument and sub-integumentary adipose tissue 2.​ Muscle 3.​ Bone tissue ​ Effects of aging on the epidermis include thinning, reduced cell turnover, and loss of collagen and elastin. ​ Clinical effects of aging: Fragile skin, dehydration, reduced elasticity, slower healing, and decreased vitamin D synthesis. ​ Muscle aging leads to sarcopenia, reduced muscle tone, and sagging in areas such as the cheeks and chin. ​ Bone aging results in bone demineralization, osteoporosis, joint pain, and loss of facial structure. 2. The Role of the SRS Machine in Anti-Aging ​ The SRS machine works by: ○​ Firming sagging muscles ○​ Increasing local blood and lymph circulation ○​ Stimulating fibroblast activity ○​ Promoting collagen synthesis ○​ Restoring cellular homeostasis 3. Technologies Used in the SRS Machine The SRS machine integrates five core technologies: 1.​ Ultrasound – Improves blood flow, stimulates fibroblast activity, and enhances collagen synthesis. 2.​ High Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) – Provides deep neuromuscular stimulation and aids muscle toning. 3.​ High Voltage Short Pulsed Current (HVSPC) / Electroporation – Enhances product penetration by opening skin pores temporarily. 4.​ Galvanic Current (Iontophoresis) – Facilitates deeper penetration of cosmetic products and improves muscle tone. 5.​ Pulsed Micro-Currents – Mimics natural biocurrents, improves blood flow, and firms the skin. 4. Treatment Procedures and Best Candidates  ​ Best candidates: Facial skin age under 50, early signs of aging, and Glogau classification I, II, or III. ​ The treatment schedule consists of 6, 8, or 10 sessions, depending on initial skin evaluation. ​ Contraindications: Pacemakers, metal implants, recent dental procedures, pregnancy, severe medical conditions, and certain skin conditions. 5. Standardized Treatment Zones ​ Zone I: Forehead and T-Zone (10 min) ​ Zone II: Cheeks and jaw (10 min) ​ Zone III: Face oval and neck (10 min) ​ Important: Avoid thyroid gland and carotid arteries during neck treatment. 6. Treatment Effects & Expected Results ​ Results visible by 2nd or 3rd session. ​ Participants appear 5-10 years younger after completing the treatment plan. ​ Best results are achieved with personalized treatment plans and home product use. Nervous system 1. Overview of the Nervous System ​ Neurology is the study of the nervous system and its disorders. ​ The nervous system controls and coordinates all body functions, ensuring they work harmoniously. ​ The three main divisions of the nervous system are: 1.​ Cerebrospinal (Central Nervous System - CNS): Controls mental activities, senses, and voluntary muscle movements. 2.​ Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Connects the CNS to the body, carrying messages to and from the brain. 3.​ Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Regulates involuntary functions, including heart rate and digestion. It includes: ​ Sympathetic system (active during stress or emergencies). ​ Parasympathetic system (active during rest and relaxation). 2. Types of Nerves  ​ Neurons (nerve cells) are the primary structural units of the nervous system. ​ Sensory (Afferent) Nerves: Carry impulses from sense organs to the brain (e.g., touch, heat, pain). ​ Motor (Efferent) Nerves: Carry impulses from the brain to muscles, causing movement. ​ Reflexes: Automatic responses to stimuli (e.g., pulling your hand away from a hot object). 3. The Brain & Spinal Cord ​ Brain: Largest mass of nerve tissue, weighing about 44-48 oz; controls all bodily functions. ​ Spinal Cord: Extends from the brain and sends messages throughout the body. ​ Spinal Nerves: 31 pairs, responsible for movement and sensation. 4. Nerve Fatigue & Stimulation ​ Nerve Fatigue Causes: 1.​ Excessive mental or muscular work. 2.​ Lack of proper nutrition, oxygen, or rest. ​ Signs of Nerve Fatigue: 1.​ Irritability, dull skin, poor complexion, tiredness. ​ Ways to Stimulate Nerves: 1.​ Chemicals (acids, salts). 2.​ Massage (manual or vibratory). 3.​ Electrical currents (e.g., high frequency). 4.​ Heat (dry heat lamps, steam). 5.​ Moist heat (steaming towels). 5. The 12 Cranial Nerves ​ These nerves emerge from the brain and control facial and neck functions. ​ Important cranial nerves: 1.​ Olfactory (I) – Smell 2.​ Optic (II) – Vision 3.​ Oculomotor (III) – Eye movement 4.​ Trochlear (IV) – Eye movement 5.​ Trigeminal (V) – Sensations of face, tongue, and teeth (largest cranial nerve). 6.​ Abducent (VI) – Eye movement 7.​ Facial (VII) – Facial expressions 8.​ Vestibulocochlear (VIII) – Hearing and balance  9.​ Glossopharyngeal (IX) – Taste 10.​Vagus (X) – Motion of the heart, lungs, and digestive system 11.​Accessory (XI) – Neck muscle movement 12.​Hypoglossal (XII) – Tongue movement 6. Important Facial Nerves for Estheticians ​ Fifth Cranial Nerve (Trigeminal/Trifacial) – Largest cranial nerve, controls facial sensations and chewing.​ ○​ Branches: 1.​ Supra-orbital (forehead, eyebrows). 2.​ Supra-trochlear (upper nose). 3.​ Infra-trochlear (lower nose). 4.​ Nasal (tip and lower nose). 5.​ Zygomatic (cheeks and temples). 6.​ Infra-orbital (lower eyelid, upper lip). 7.​ Auriculo-temporal (ear, temples, scalp). 8.​ Mental (chin, lower lip). ​ Seventh Cranial Nerve (Facial) – Controls facial expressions and extends to the neck.​ ○​ Branches: 1.​ Posterior auricular (behind ears). 2.​ Temporal (temples, forehead, eyebrows). 3.​ Zygomatic (upper cheek). 4.​ Buccal (mouth area). 5.​ Mandibular (chin, lower lip). 6.​ Cervical (neck). ​ Eleventh Cranial Nerve (Accessory Nerve) – Controls neck and back muscles. 7. Spinal (Cervical) Nerves ​ Originate from the spinal cord and affect the scalp and neck. 1.​ Greater occipital nerve – Affects scalp at the back of the head. 2.​ Lesser occipital nerve – Affects the scalp at the base of the skull. 3.​ Greater auricular nerve – Affects the external ears. 4.​ Cutaneous colli nerve – Affects the front and sides of the neck.