Skeleton Overview PDF

OVERVIEW OF THE SKELETON The Skeletal System  Bone Let me introduce  Cartilages myself!!!  Joints *This will be our focus in lab for the next month. You will be learning the bones of the skeleton! But first… *Overview of Skeleton:...

OVERVIEW OF THE SKELETON The Skeletal System  Bone Let me introduce  Cartilages myself!!!  Joints *This will be our focus in lab for the next month. You will be learning the bones of the skeleton! But first… *Overview of Skeleton: TopHat Chapter 6 The Cartilages The Bones How many bones are there in the human body? Can you name some functions of bones??? Functions Support of Bones Protection Movement Mineral storage Blood cell formation Triglyceride (energy) storage The skeleton has 2 divisions:  Axial Skeleton  Appendicular Skeleton Do you think these 2 groups of bones have the same job? Classification of Bones by Shape Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones  Gross Here comes the fun part... Anatomy of *Bone Markings!!!  Bones Are bone surfaces featureless?... Heck no!!! There are lots of markings: bumps, holes, ridges, etc. Do you think these markings are just there to make the bones look pretty?... Heck no!!! Each of the markings is there for a reason.  Bone Bone markings fall into 2 categories: Markings Projections Sites of muscle and ligament attachment Help form joints Depressions/openings Passageways for blood vessels and nerves *Bone markings are the main topic for Quiz #2… more on this later! Table 6.1 Table 6.1 Bone Texture  Compact bone  Dense outer layer; looks smooth & solid to naked eye  Spongy (cancellous) bone  Inner layer; lots of open space…honeycomb of trabeculae Structure of a Long Bone… Activity 1 *You will hear more about anatomy of bones in lecture. *Keep this basic structure in mind as you learn the bones of the appendicular skeleton  Chemical Organic: bone cells & Composition organic part of the of Bone matrix (ground substance & collagen fibers) Inorganic: mineral salts in the matrix (e.g. Which component do you think gives bone its characteristic hardness? calcium) Which component do you think allows bone to have some flexibility?  Bone What would happen to bone if you removed all the inorganic Composition material and only left the Experiments! organic material??? *Try this at home!!!..  Bone What would happen to bone if you removed all the organic Composition material and only left the Experiments! inorganic material??? *Try this at home!!!  Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone *You’ve already done this: bone slide! But let’s look at it in more detail… Bone… Compact Bone Analogy… trees (the osteons) cut down and can see their growth rings (the lamellae)  Compact bone Human bone– 10x objective osteo n An osteon is the structural unit of compact bone. Each osteon runs more-or-less parallel to the long axis of the bone… each “tree”  Compact bone Human bone– 20x objective lamella e Lacuna housing an osteocyt Haversian/central e canal Close up on the details of a single osteon (“tree”)  Compact bone Human bone– 40x objective lamella e canalicul i Haversian/central canal Lacuna housing an osteocyte Canaliculi are tiny canals passing through the bone matrix that connect one osteocyte to another, ultimately connecting them all to  Ossification: Bone Formation & Growth in Length Childhood to adolescence Articular cartilage Spongy bone Epiphyseal plate cartilage The epiphyses ossify. When completed, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages.  Practice identifying parts of a long bone  For more practice with basic bone anatomy go to chapter 6 Due September 4th @ 11:59pm Chapter 4: Recall and Apply Chapter 5: Recall and Apply  Additional Visceral Skeleton Bone Terms Fig. 4 Skull and visceral skeleton. (a) Shark. The skeleton of the first, second, and seventh pharyngeal arches is indicated. (b) Human. Shaded regions show the components of the human skull and neck that are derived from the visceral skeleton. (After G. C. Kent, Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates, 7th ed., Mosby-Year Book, 1992)  Additional Conchae Bone Terms The nasal cavity is the first part of the respiratory system where air enters to begin the breathing process. The nasal conchae are so called for their shell-shaped structure. The conchae form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.  Additional Sinuses Bone Terms  Additional Fontanel Bone Terms  *Quiz #2* *The majority of Quiz#2 will be on definitions of bone markings  Lab Manual: Chapter 6 (Chapter 7 table 7.1)  Additional bone terms from PowerPoint *There will be a few questions from other material in the “Overview of the Skeleton” exercise *Quiz 2 is next Wednesday/Thursday, September 7/8!